Calcium hypochlorite

142.98300

141.89000

231-908-7

11DXB629VZ

0638

2208|1748

DTXSID1029700

Powder|WHITE GRANULES OR PELLETS|White crystalline solid

2828100000

18.46000

1.24220

White to off-white or faint green Tablets

2.35 g/cm³

100 °C

Decomposes at 100 deg C

1.545 (20ºC)

H2O: 200 g/L (20 ºC) (dec.)

Store at RT.

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 850 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 2000 mg/kg

Strong chlorine odor

Decomp in acid; decomp with evolution of chlorine in cold water /Basic calcium hypochlorite/|Decomposes in water and alcohol; not hygroscopic; an oxidizing material; stable chlorine carrier.|Evolves chlorine freely and at hugher temperatures oxygen /Lime, chlorinated/|Decomposes rapidly and exothermically giving off oxygen and chlorine monoxide gases when heated above 175 °C. Reacts vigorously or explosively with oxidizable materials.|Does not decompose on standing

Water soluble. Slowly decomposes in water and moist air to liberate oxygen.|Water soluble. Slowly decomposed by water with the evolution of gaseous chlorine and heat. Experimental work at Argonne National Laboratory has determined that there is essentially no Cl2 gas formation; the substance is quite unreactive in water. This does not prevent Cl2 formation by a catalytic mechanism, but under normal conditions calcium hypochlorite is quite unreactive. The hydration reaction was rapid and quite exothermic. The small change in gas volume was attributed to this heating. (Argonne Report ANL/DIS-00-1, October 2000).

Bases, Strong|Salts, Basic

Strong Oxidizing Agent

BLEACHING POWDER, [WITH <= 39% AVAILABLE CHLORINE] is a strong oxidizing agent. Also, a base. Acts in aqueous solution by releasing hypochlorite ion (OCl- ion). Decomposes on standing to give oxygen (a strong oxidizing agent) and calcium chloride. Mixing of bleaching powder (hypochlorite solution) with ammonia solutions produces toxic/explosive ammonia trichloride vapors.|CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE is a powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in the presence of water or as it decomposes when heated to release oxygen and chlorine gases. May react vigorously with carbon; reacts potentially explosively with finely divided carbon. Reacts with acetylene to form explosive chloroacetylenes. Reactions with organic matter, oil, hydrocarbons; alcohols may lead to explosions. Reactions with nitromethane, methanol, ethanol (and other alcohols) can become violent after a delay. Reacts with possible ignition and/or explosion with organic sulfur compounds and with sulfides. Decomposes evolving oxygen, a change that can be catalyzed by rust on metal containers. Forms highly explosive NCl3 on contact with urea or ammonia. Evolves highly toxic gaseous chlorine gas when heated or on contact with acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. A mixture with damp sulfur reacted violently, and molten sulfur was ejected [Chem Eng. News, 1965, 46(29), 6]. The combination of calcium hypochlorite, sodium hydrogen sulfate, starch, and sodium carbonate, when compressed, caused the materials to incandescence, followed by explosion, [Ind. Eng. Chem., 1937, 15, 282].

0.001 mm ASTM grade 2 titanium/yr at 6 wt% and 100 °C /From table/

II

5.1

UN 2880/1748/2208

2

R22; R31; R34; R50; R8

S26-S36/37/39-S45-S61

NH3485000

C

Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers.

Stability Strong oxidizer - contact with flammable material may lead to fire. Incompatible with water, reducing agents, combustible material, phenol.

P220-P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H272-H302-H314-H400

Dissolve the material in water and add to a large vol of concn reducing agent soln, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4. When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the soln alkaline. The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a sewer or stream. The sludge is landfilled.

Reacts with water and with acids releasing chlorine. Forms explosive compounds with ammonia and amines. Strong oxidizer. Other incompatible materials include organics, nitrogen containing compounds, dry chemical fire extinguishers containing mono-ammonium phosphate, combustible or flammable materials. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/|A mixture of damp sulfur and solid 'swimming pool chlorine' caused a violently exothermic reaction, and ejection of molten sulfur.|Calcium hypochlorite and mercaptans will react violently.|Nitromethane, either alone or in a mixture with methanol and castor oil (model airplane fuel) has a delayed but violent reaction with powdered calcium hypochlorite, esp when confined, as in a plastic bag.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Canelli E; Chemical, bacteriological and toxicological properties of cyanuric acid and chlorinated isocyanurates as applied to swimming pool disinfection: a review; Am J Public Health 64: 155-62 (1974). Review of bacteriological and toxicological properties of swimming pool disinfectants.|USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Sodium and Calcium Hypochlorite Salts (February 1992). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of August 29, 2013: http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/old_reds/case0029.pdf]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with acids, combustible substances or reducing agents.|Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501|H271 (12.38%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P283, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P310, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 315 companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P210, P220, P221, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P370+P378, P405, and P501|P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P312, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P405, and P501|P210, P220, P221, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Following product recovery, flush area with water. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|... Adequate exhaust & general ventilation is necessary to prevent formation of dangerous concentration of chlorine gas. /Chlorinated lime/|Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/|Protective clothing.|Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Contact with combustible materials will increase fire hazard. May undergo accelerated decomposition with release of heat above 350 °F (177 °C). /Calcium hypochlorite, dry, or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/|Contact of solid hypochlorite with glycerol, digol monomethyl ether, or phenol causes ignition within few minutes, accompanied by irritant smoke, particularly with phenol (formation of chlorophenols).|Contents of a drum /of calcium hypochlorite/ erupted & ignited during intermittent use. This was attributed to contamination of soldered metal scoop (normally kept in the drum) by oil, grease or water, or all three, & subsequent exothermic reaction with the ... /hypochlorite/.|... The hypochlorite constitutes a hazard in the absence of other combustible materials, because after initiation, local rapid thermal decomp will spread through the contained mass of hypochlorite as a vigorous fire which evolves, rather than consumes, oxygen.|May cause fire in contact with wood or straw.|Not flammable /SRP: Acts as oxidizer with combustible material./|Ignites on contact with algacide; ... organic sulfur compounds. ... Flammable by chemical reaction with combustible materials, e.g., anthracene; grease; oil; mercaptans; methylcarbitol; nitromethane; organic matter; propylmercaptan.|Because of its strong oxidizing potential, dry calcium hypochlorite is difficult and dangerous to store and use. It is somewhat unstable chemically and should not be dropped or skidded across the floor, as the friction could cause a fire.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/|Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/|Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use flooding quantities of water as fog or spray. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Do not use dry chemical fire extinguishers containing ammonium compounds. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry, or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/

Since a calcium hypochlorite fire will generate its own oxygen, attempts to smother it will not be effective, and it must be quenched with water.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit, face shield and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered air-tight, dry containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amt of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemcial protective clothing. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/|Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available Chlorine; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 39% available Chlorine (8.8% available Oxygen)/|/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available Chlorine; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 39% available Chlorine (8.8% available Oxygen)/|/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available Chlorine; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 39% available Chlorine (8.8% available Oxygen)/|/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available Chlorine; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 39% available Chlorine (8.8% available Oxygen)/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

... Inhalation of /chlorinated lime/ fumes may cause laryngeal and pulmonary irritation. /Chlorinated lime/|Dust ... is irritating to nose ... at high concn eyes are also irritated. /Bleaching powder/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit, face shield and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered air-tight, dry containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

NO contact with combustible substances or reducing agents.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

LD50 Rat (male) oral 790 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 850 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal >2000 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The aquatic effect of calcium hypochlorite in the environment, where pH value is supposed to range from 6 to 8, is common to other hypochlorite-generating chemicals like chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite. The biologically significant chemical species are hypochloric acid or hypochlorite ion. /Hypochlorite/

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of calcium hypochlorite is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 82,721 workers (23,4896 of these were female) were potentially exposed to calcium hypochlorite in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to calcium hypochlorite may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where calcium hypochlorite is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to calcium hypochlorite via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing calcium hypochlorite(SRC).|Routes of entry: Inhalation of dust. Inhalation of vapor and ingestion. /Chlorinated lime/

Only ca. 50% is excreted mainly with the urine followed by excretion with feces. /Sodium hypochlorite/|Most of the data for toxicity of this substance by the oral route came from studies performed with sodium hypochlorite or chlorine gas. In biological systems, characterized by pH values in the range of 6-8, the most abundant active chemical species is HClO, in equilibrium with ClO-. Such available chlorine is readily absorbed via the oral route and distributed into plasma, bone marrow, testis, skin, kidney and lung. /sodium hypochlorite/

It is well known from studies on HClO in inflammation processes that HClO is not enzymatically metabolised and its (bio)transformation readily occurs through direct reactions with organic compounds or with other chemicals present in the cellular environment, including hydrogen peroxide. The toxicokinetic study showed that chloride ion accounted for >80% (36)Cl radioactivity present in rat plasma. /Hypochlorite/

Hypochlorous ions are physiologically present in the human body, being formed by white blood cells (neutrophils and monocytes) as a powerful antimicrobial agent during inflammation process. When the recognition of "non-self" proteins in an invading micro-organism triggers the immune response, the enzyme myeloperoxidase located in mammalian neutrophils catalyses hypochlorous acid formation trough the oxidation of chloride ion in combination with hydrogen peroxide. The endogenously formed hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the process of phagocytosis through which bacteria are killed. Due to its potent cytotoxic action, hypochlorite is also responsible for neutrophil-mediated tissue damage associated with the inflammatory response. Its high efficiency as antimicrobial agent is associated with the lack of a catalytically active detoxifying mechanism for HOCl in both bacteria and mammalian cells. Although it has been suggested that HOCl-induced cytotoxicity can be associated to the degradation of a number of functionally important molecules the primary mechanism of action is still not fully elucidated. /Hypochlorite/

Commercial products normally contain various impurities such as CaCl2, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 and water.|MgO, CaCO3, CaSO4, Al2O3, FeO3, and trace metals such as cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.|Bromate was first reported as a disinfection by-product from ozonated waters, but more recently it has been reported also as a result of treatment using hypochlorite solutions worldwide. The aim of this study was to study the scope of this phenomenon in the drinking waters (n=509) of Castilla and Leon, Spain, and in the hypochlorite disinfectant reagents. Two thirds of the treated waters monitored were found to have bromate concentrations higher than 1 ug/L, and of them a median value of 8 ug/L and a maximum of 49 ug/L. These concentrations are higher than those reported so far, however, a great variability can be found. Median values for chlorite were of 5 ug/L, and of 119 ug/L for chlorate. Only 7 out of 40 hypochlorite feedstock solutions were negative for bromate, the rest showing a median of 1022 mg/L; and 4 out of 14 calcium hypochlorite pellets were also negative, the rest with a median of 240 mg/kg. Although bromate is cited as potentially added to water from calcium hypochlorite pellets, no reference is found in scientific literature regarding its real content. Chlorite (median 2646 mg/L) and chlorate (median 20,462 mg/L) and chlorite (median 695 mg/kg) and chlorate (median 9516 mg/kg) were also monitored, respectively, in sodium hypochlorite solutions and calcium hypochlorite pellets. The levels of chlorite and chlorate in water are considered satisfactory, but not those of bromate, undoubtedly owing to the high content of bromide in the raw brines employed by the chlor-alkali manufacturers. Depending on the manufacturer, the bromate concentrations in the treated waters may be very heterogeneous owing to the lack of specification for this contaminant in the disinfectant reagents -the European Norms EN 900 and 901 do not mention it.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. Inhalation of chloring gas. a. Immediately give humidified supplemental oxygen. Observe carefully for signs of progressive upper airway obstruction and intubate the trachea if necessary. b. Use bronchodilators for wheezing and treat noncardiogenic pulmonary edema if it occurs. 2. Ingestion of hypochlorite solution. If a solution of 10% or greater has been ingested or if there are any symptoms of corrosive injury (dysphagia, drooling, or pain), flexible endoscopy is recommended to evaluate for serious esophageal or gastric injury. Obtain chest and abdominal radiographs to look for mediastinal or intro-abdominal air, which suggests perforation. /Chlorine/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 1. Pain & inflammation of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, & stomach. Erosion of mucous membranes, chiefly of stomach. 2. Vomiting ... hemorrhage ... 3. Circulatory collapse, with cold & clammy skin, cyanosis, & shallow respirations. 4. Confusion, delirium, coma. 5. Edema of pharynx, glottis & larynx, with stridor & obstruction. 6. Perforation of esophagus or stomach, with mediastinitis or peritonitis. 7. Inhalation of hypochlorous acid fumes causes severe resp tract irritation & pulmonary edema. 8. Skin contact may cause vesicular eruptions and eczematoid dermatitis. Hypochlorite/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ When excess of calcium hydroxide is present, chlorinated lime is strongly alkaline & capable of causing lime burn of the eye. /Chlorinated lime/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Inhalation of /chlorinated lime/ fumes may cause laryngeal & pulmonary irritation, pulmonary edema, death. /Chlorinated lime/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of dusts /bleaching powder/ may damage teeth, conjunctiva, & resp tract. If used as paste with excessive rubbing for more than 3 to 4 min ... sometimes causes moderate to severe ... damage to skin. /Bleaching powder/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

calcium hypochlorite

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and by inhalation.

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Wheezing. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Swimming pool sanitation and other bleaching and sanitation (municipal and industrial) uses, 78%; Exports, 22% (1986)|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Calcium hypochlorite. Residential swimming pool sanitation, 65%; municipal and industrial bleaching and sanitation, 15%; exports, 20%.|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Calcium hypochlorite. Demand: 1988: 120,000 tons; 1989: 122,000; 1993 /projected/: 132,000 tons. (Includes exports, but not imports, which totaled 6,000 tons last year.)|Residential swimming pool sanitation 75%, municipal and industrial bleaching and sanitation 25%.|For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Grades: commercial (70%); high purity (99.2% available chlorine as calcium hypochlorite).|Chlorinated lime (bleaching powder)/ consists of mixt of ... calcium hypochlorite, calcium chloride, & calcium hydroxide; should not be confused with pure calcium hypochlorite. ...|Chloride of lime (35% calcium chlorine); highest calcium hypochlorite (70% available chlorine)|Chlorinated lime consists of a mixture of calcium chloride and calcium hypochloride and should contain a minimum of 30% available chlorine.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (130 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chlorinated lime ... 20-30% soln ... needed for aporicidal action ... Concn kill trichuris (round worm) eggs. /Chlorinated lime/|The activity of this cmpd as a general disinfectant is based on its ability to release chlorine. In general, 5 1/2 oz ... (chlorine content from 20 to 27%) is mixed with each 50 lb of packing soil.|To disinfect feces, urine, and sanitary utensils; for purification of drinking water (1 oz to 2000 gal); for disinfection of swimming pool water (0.25 to 1 ppm of free chlorine); for removal of dyes from the skin. It is used as a household bleach. Chlorinated lime/|In freezing weather salt can be added as antifreeze without reducing benefits /calcium hypochlorites/.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Determination of available chlorine in calcium hypochlorite & bleaching powder by arsenious oxide titration method.

Fire Hazards -> Reactive - 1st degree|DISINFECTANTS