Sodium sulfite

126.037

125.936356

231-821-4

VTK01UQK3G

1200

DTXSID2044260

C28205

Small crystals or powder|White hexagonal crystals|White crystals or powder

28321000

82.4

-4

Sodium sulfite is a white odorless powder. Density 2.633 g / cm3. Moderately toxic. Sinks in water and dissolves slowly. Also transported as a heptahydrate Na2SO3.7H2O.

2.63 g/cm³

>500°C

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

1.484

H2O: 23 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

Sodium sulfite should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry, place. In solution, sodium sulfite is slowly oxidized to sulfate by dissolved oxygen; strong acids lead to formation of sulfurous acid/ sulfur dioxide. On heating, sodium sulfite decomposes liberating sulfur oxides.

Negligible (NTP, 1992)

Non-toxic

Odorless

Saline, sulfurous taste

8,5-11,5 (anhydrous: 10 % solution; heptahydrate: 20 % solution)

Density: 1.539. MP: decomposes; loses 7 H2O at 150 °C /Sodium sulfite heptahydrate/|Efflorescent crystals. Unstable, oxidizing in air to sulfate. Soluble in 1.6 parts water, about 30 parts glycerol; sparingly soluble in alcohol. Aqueous solution is alkaline and dissolves sulfur; pH approximately 9 /Sodium sulfite heptahydrate/

Soluble in water. Reacts with hot water, steam or acids to produce corrosive material.

Sulfite and Thiosulfate Salts

Strong Reducing Agent

SODIUM SULFITE is a reducing agent, particularly under basic conditions. Reacts with oxidizing agents such as peroxides, epoxides, oxoacids. Emits toxic fumes of sodium oxide and oxides of sulfur if heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1174].

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

NONH for all modes of transport

1

R22;R36/37/38

S24/25

WE2150000

Xn:Harmful

Separated from strong oxidants and acids. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids. Moisture and air sensitive.

P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P310, P330, P501

H302

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a chemical preservative in accordance with good manufacturing practice, except that it is not used in meats; in food recognized as a source of vitamin B1; on fruits and vegetables intended to be served raw to consumers or sold raw to consumers, or to be presented to consumers as fresh.|This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a chemical preservative in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice, except that it is not used in meats or in food recognized as a source of vitamin B1.

Nair B, Elmore AR; Final report on the safety assessment of sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, ammonium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite and potassium metabisulfite. Int J Toxicol 22 (Suppl 2) :63-88 (2003) Cosmetic Ingredients Review Expert Panel report.

Literature sources indicate that this compound is noncombustible. (NTP, 1992)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H302 (23.71%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2432 companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P310, P330, and P501

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

Dust mask; goggles or face shield. (USCG, 1999)|Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Dry powder. ...Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Sulfur oxides, sodium oxides.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Do not flush with water. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Avoid breathing dust.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Personal protection: filter respirator for inorganic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants and acids. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The aerosol is irritating to the respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective clothing. Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sodium sulfite forms small white crystals or powder. Sodium sulfite used as reducing agent and antioxidant in cosmetic formulations. Other uses include paper industry, water treatment, and dietary supplements. It is also used as antioxidant and antiseptic in veterinary. HUMAN STUDIES: Clinical oral and ocular-exposure studies reported no adverse effects. Sodium sulfite was not irritating or sensitizing in clinical tests. It may however, produce positive reactions in dermatologic patients under patch test. The majority of patients with positive reactions to sodium metabisulfite are also positive to sodium sulfite. Most studies report a prevalence of sulfite sensitivity of 3 to 10% among asthmatic subjects who ingest these additives. However, the severity of these reactions varies, and steroid-dependent asthmatics, those with marked airway hyperresponsiveness, and children with chronic asthma, appear to be at greater risk. Chronic irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract and alteration of the sense of smell and taste is not uncommon a result of frequent exposure to 30 to 100 ppm. ANIMAL STUDIES: A single exposure to low concentrations of a sodium sulfite fine aerosol produced dose-related changes in the lung capacity parameters of guinea pigs. A 3-day exposure of rats to a sodium sulfite fine aerosol produced mild pulmonary edema and irritation of the tracheal epithelium. In rats, sodium sulfite heptahydrate at large doses (up to 3.3 g/kg) produced fetal toxicity but not teratogenicity. Sodium sulfite was negative in mutagenicity studies.

We investigated the effects of sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)) on rhinovirus (RV)-induced chemokine production in A549 airway epithelial cells. Our results demonstrated that the treatment of A549 cells with 2,500 uM Na(2)SO(3) enhanced the mRNA expression of RV-induced interleukin (IL)-8 1.8 fold (p=0.025); and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), 2.9 fold (p=0.025). Moreover, the secretion of IL-8, RANTES, and interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10 was increased in a statistically significant manner without affecting cell viability and RV replication. Our results suggest that Na(2)SO(3) may potentiate RV infection by enhancing chemokine production.|Foods contain various additives that affect our daily lives. At present, food additive safety evaluation standards are based on the toxicity of single additives, but food additives are often used in combination and may have additive, synergistic or antagonistic actions. The current study investigated the toxicity of food additives and mechanisms of damage in HepG2 cells using High Content Analysis (HCA). We used the CCK-8 assay to determine cell viability, providing an experimental basis for determining the safety of food additives. All of the food additives tested were observed to decrease the growth of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Sunset yellow and sodium sulfite had IC50 values of 1.06, and 0.30 g/L at 24 hr, respectively. HCA showed that both sunset yellow and sodium sulfite had synergistic effects on cell number, membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular calcium level, oxidative stress, and high dose group DNA damage.|Sulfur dioxide is a typical air pollutant. Sulfite, which is formed at the bronchial mucosa from inhaled sulfur dioxide, might play a role in the exacerbation of asthma. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium sulfite and its interaction with a house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p) on allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control (n=10), mite intranasal (mIN, n=12), sodium sulfite intranasal (sIN, n=12) and mIN + sIN (n=12). In non-control groups, the mice were sensitized on day 8 and day 15 with mite allergen subcutaneously. Mite allergen was then administrated intranasally from day 15 to day 22 in mIN and mIN+sIN groups. Sodium sulfite was administrated in sIN and mIN + sIN groups intranasally from Day 1 to Day 22. Plasma Der p-specific IgE, IgG2a, lung histopathology and cytokine levels (IL-5 and IFN-gamma) were analyzed. In comparison between mIN (or sIN) and mIN + sIN group, Der p-specific IgE levels were significantly higher in mIN + sIN group (p<0.01). Besides, Der p-specific IgG2a level was significantly lower in mIN + sIN group than mIN (or sIN) group (p<0.01). The peribronchiolar, alveolar and total inflammatory scores were increased in the mIN + sIN group comparing with the control group (p<0.05, p< 0.01, p<0.01, respectively). Lung supernatant in mIN + sIN group has higher IL-5/IFN-gamma ratio than control, mIN or sIN group (all p<0.05). Our study concluded sodium sulfite may enhance allergic sensitization as well as airway inflammation in mite allergen sensitized BALB/c mice.|Obesity leads to the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, resulting in a state of low-grade inflammation. Recently, several studies have shown that the exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could initiate and maintain a chronic state of low-grade inflammation in obese people. As the daily intake of food additives has increased substantially, the aim of the present study was to investigate a potential influence of food additives on the release of leptin, IL-6 and nitrite in the presence of LPS in murine adipocytes. Leptin, IL-6 and nitrite concentrations were analyzed in the supernatants of murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes after co-incubation with LPS and the food preservatives, sodium sulfite (SS), sodium benzoate (SB) and the spice and colorant, curcumin, for 24 hr. In addition, the kinetics of leptin secretion was analyzed. A significant and dose-dependent decrease in leptin was observed after incubating the cells with SB and curcumin for 12 and 24 hr, whereas SS decreased leptin concentrations after 24 hr of treatment. Moreover, SS increased, while curcumin decreased LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-6, whereas SB had no such effect. None of the compounds that were investigated influenced nitrite production. The food additives SS, SB and curcumin affect the leptin release after co-incubation with LPS from cultured adipocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Decreased leptin release during the consumption of nutrition-derived food additives could decrease the amount of circulating leptin to which the central nervous system is exposed and may therefore contribute to an obesogenic environment.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for Sodium sulfite (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat iv 115 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 950 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse iv 130 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit iv 65 mg/kg

Most studies report a prevalence of sulfite sensitivity of 3 to 10% among asthmatic subjects who ingest these additives. However, the severity of these reactions varies, and steroid-dependent asthmatics, those with marked airway hyperresponsiveness, and children with chronic asthma, appear to be at greater risk. /Sulfites/|Some asthmatics are said to be dangerously sensitive to minute amounts of sulfites in foods. /Sulfites/

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 39 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of sodium sulfite in the United States may be as low as 10 workers to less than 10,000 but unknown or unreasonably ascertainable as to how many workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 309,663 workers (122,038 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sodium sulfite in the US(1).

Vet: antioxidant, antiseptic

See sulfite salts. 3. 3= Moderately toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg, between 1 oz and 1 pint (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb). /Sulfite salts/

Skin penetration would be low due to the highly charged nature of these particles and any sulfite that did penetrate would be converted to sulfate by the enzyme sulfate oxidase.

Sulfites that enter mammals via ingestion, inhalation, or injection are metabolized by sulfite oxidase to sulfate.

When ingested, solutions cause gastric irritation by the liberation of sulfurous acid. Because of rapid oxidation to sulfate, sulfites are well tolerated until large doses are reached; then violent colic and diarrhea, circulatory disturbances, central nervous depression, and death can occur. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket musk, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Sulfur and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Sulfites are in widespread use as preservatives/antioxidants. There is increasing recognition of allergic contact dermatitis caused by sodium metabisulfite; however, contact allergy to sodium sulfite is less well recognized. We sought to establish the prevalence of positive patch test reactions to sodium sulfite in our patient population and investigate its relationship with sodium metabisulfite. Over a 4-month period, 183 patients referred for patch testing were tested with sodium sulfite 1% pet. in addition to sodium metabisulfite 1% pet., which already forms part of our baseline series. Positive allergic reactions occurred to sodium metabisulfite in 5.5% of the tested patients and to sodium sulfite in 3.8% of the tested patients. Sixty percent of patients with a positive reaction to sodium metabisulfite were positive to sodium sulfite. Only 1 patient (0.6%) with a negative reaction to sodium metabisulfite showed a positive reaction to sodium sulfite. This study shows that the majority of patients with positive reactions to sodium metabisulfite are also positive to sodium sulfite. Routinely patch testing with sodium sulfite is probably unnecessary, as most patients with positive reactions will also react to sodium metabisulfite. Clinicians should consider advising patients to avoid sodium sulfite and other sulfites when a positive allergic reaction to sodium metabisulfite occurs.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Chronic irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract and alteration of the sense of smell and taste is not uncommon a result of frequent exposure to 30 to 100 ppm.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Clinical oral and ocular-exposure studies reported no adverse effects. Sodium sulfite was not irritating or sensitizing in clinical tests. These ingredients, however, may produce positive reactions in dermatologic patients under patch test.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Sulfites are widely used as preservative and antioxidant additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Exposure to sulfites has been reported to induce a range of adverse clinical effects in sensitive individuals, ranging from dermatitis, urticaria, flushing, hypotension, abdominal pain and diarrhea to life-threatening anaphylactic and asthmatic reactions. Exposure to the sulfites arises mainly from the consumption of foods and drinks that contain these additives; however exposure may also occur through the use of pharmaceutical products, as well as in occupational settings. Most studies report a prevalence of sulfite sensitivity of 3 to 10% among asthmatic subjects who ingest these additives. However, the severity of these reactions varies, and steroid-dependent asthmatics, those with marked airway hyperresponsiveness, and children with chronic asthma, appear to be at greater risk. Although a number of potential mechanisms have been proposed, the precise mechanisms underlying sulfite sensitivity remain unclear. /Sulfites/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Sodium sulfite (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

sodium sulfite

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. See Effects of long-term or repeated exposure.

End use pattern: pulp and paper, 65%; water and waste treatment, 15%; photography, 10%; oil recovery, 5%; miscellaneous, 5% (1986)|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Sodium sulfite. Pulp and paper industry, 58%; water treatment, 12%; photography, 9%; miscellaneous, including textile bleaching, food preservatives, chemical intermediate, ore flotation and oil recovery, 13%; exports, 8%.|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Sodium sulfite. Demand: 1986: 130,000 tons; 1987: 133,000 tons; 1991 /projected/: 147,000 tons.|Demand 1997, 100,000 tons; 1998, 102,000 tons; 2002, 107,000 tons /projected, pulp and paper 55%, water treatment 20%, photography 10%, oil recovery 5%, miscellaneous uses 10%.

Grades: reagent; technical; FCC /Food Chemical Codex/.|Sodium sulfite is sold in various purity grades containing 90-98% Na2SO3.|General Chem Corp (Previously Allied), Stauffer, VA Chem produce a technical grade sodium sulfite anhydrous with a minimum typical analysis of 96.5%, Granular Technical has a typical analysis of 98.0% with food & photographic grades at 98.6%. Koppers supplies on-purpose material made from sulfur dioxide... with an analysis of 96-97%... Koppers also produces 89-91% material as a by-product of resorcinol manufacture...

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Sulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:2): ACTIVE|The commercial heptahydrate (about 90% pure, remainder consisting chiefly of sulfate) has been largely replaced by commercial anhydrous salt (about 96-99% pure) which is more stable. /Sodium sulfite heptahydrate/|(Vet): to help stabilize parenterals and mastitis suspensions. May be used topically where it is both antifungal and a keratin softener.|The classical method of placing a sulfonate group on an aliphatic chain is to react an aliphatic halide with sodium sulfite

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives|Cosmetics -> Preservative

Food Additives -> ANTIOXIDANT; PRESERVATIVE;