Ammonium thiocyanate

76.12090

76.00950

217-175-6

YYL9152Z1Y

3077

DTXSID3029653

Deliquescent crystals|Colorless, hygroscopic crystals

28380000

65.83000

0.72118

colourless or white crystals or powder

1.3057 g/cm³

149.6 °C

40 °C (approx)

190ºC

H2O: 163 g/100 mL (20 ºC);Freely sol in ethanol; sol in methanol, acetone; practically insol in CHCl3, ethyl acetate

Store at RT.

2.86E-06mmHg at 25°C

Mixtures of thiocyanates with chlorates (or nitrates) are friction- and heat-sensitive, and explode on rubbing, heating to 400 deg C, or initiation by spark or flame. A violent explosion occurred when a little chlorate was ground in a mortar contaminated with ammonium thiocyanate.

Odorless

Decomposes at 170 °C|Heat of Soln: 133 Btu/lb= 74 cal/g= 3.1X10+5 J/kg

Water soluble.

Salts, Acidic

AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE can release ammonia vapors if mixed with a chemical base or with an acid. Violent or explosive reactions have occurred when thiocyanates are mixed with oxidizing agents (such as chlorates(potassium chlorate), nitrates, nitric acid, and peroxides). Nitric acid violently oxidized a thiocyanate solution [Bretherick 1979 p. 121]. An explosion of guanidine nitrate demolished an autoclave built to withstand 50 atmospheres, in which it was being made from ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate [C. Angew. Chem. 49:23 1936].

Highly corrosive to iron, copper, and brass.

UN 9092

1

R20/21/22; R32; R52/53

S13-S61

XK7875000

Xn

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. Forms explosive mixtures with lead nitrate.

P273-P280

H302 + H312 + H332-H412

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material=s impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incompatibilities: KClO3 and mixtures with Pb(NO3)2

Ammonium thiocyanate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.[21 CFR 175.105;

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes to form ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide. Oxides of nitrogen may also form. All of these products are toxic. (USCG, 1999)

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 260 companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P322, P330, P337+P313, P363, and P501|Danger|P260, P264, P270, P301+P312, P314, P330, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Rubber or plastic gloves; rubber or plastic apron; standard goggles (USCG, 1999)|Rubber or plastic gloves; rubber or plastic apron; standard goggles|Personnel protection: ... Wear boots, protective gloves, and goggles.

Solid may be combustible; soln is not flammable.

An explosion of guanidine nitrate demolished an autoclave built to withstand 50 atmospheres, in which it was being made from ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate.|Mixtures of thiocyanates with chlorates (or nitrates) are friction- and heat-sensitive, and explode on rubbing, heating to 400 °C, or initiation by spark or flame. A violent explosion occurred when a little chlorate was ground in a mortar contaminated with ammonium thiocyanate.

Extinguish with water.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extingiush fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)|/During fire fighting/ wear goggles and self-contained breathing apparatus.

A waste solution containing ammonium thiocyanate from a coke oven is sprayed into a combustion furnace and converted to gypsum by air oxidation.|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with dilute acid or removable strong acid. Add calcium hypochlorite. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.|Remove slowly into a large container of water. Add soda ash slightly by stirring. After 24 hr, decant or siphon into another container. Neutralize with 6M-HCl.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. ... Dust irritates eyes.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Amitrole ... is highly active foliar systemic herbicide that translocates ... throughout plants and accumulates in growing points. It is highly toxic to wide range of grass and broadleaf annual and perennial species. ... /its/ efficacy ... can be enhanced by addition of ammonium thiocyanate as activator.|... In the presence of 50 mm ammonium thiocyanate, the potency of bicuculline to displace specifically bound (3)H-GABA was increased, with the magnitide of this increase being greater in some brain areas than others. Ammonium thiocyanate also increased the potency of bicuculline to inhibit GABA-activated benzodiazepine receptor binding, a biochemical measure of GABA receptor function. Ammonium thiocyanate selectively abolished the high affinity GABA-binding site without affecting either the low affinity component or GABA-activated benzodiazepine receptor binding.

Probable lethal dose in man lies between 15 and 30 g (when ingested at one time). /Thiocyanate salts/

LD50 Mouse intragastric 750 mg/kg|LD50 Rat intragastric 500 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig intragastric 500 mg/kg

Food chain concn potential: none

The thiocyanate ion is slowly excreted in the urine; it is not decomposed to cyanide in appreciable quantities. /Thiocyanate salts/|The thiocyanate ion is slowly excreted in thr urine; it is not decomposed to cyanide in appreciable quantities. The thiocyanate ion readily diffuses into all tissues. It appears early in saliva and urine.|Can be absorbed through skin ... .|Therapeutic or normal level in human blood is 8.0-14.0 mg% or 80.0-140.0 ug/mL. /Thiocyanate/

Thiocyanate is a potent inhibitor of iodide transport and is a competitive substrate for the thyroid peroxidase, but it does not appear to be concentrated in the thyroid. Blockage of the iodide trapping mechanism has a disruptive effect on the thyroid-pituitary axis, similar to iodine deficiency. The blood levels of T4 and T3 decrease, resulting in a compensatory increase in the secretion of TSH by the pituitary gland. The hypertrophy and hyperplasia of follicular cells following sustained exposure results in an increased thyroid weight and the development of goiter. /Thiocyanate/

Maximum limits of impurities: Residue after ignition 0.01%; Insoluble matter 0.005%; chloride (Cl) 0.005%.|Maximum limits of trace impurities (in ppm): Heavy metals (as Pb) 5; Iron (Fe) 3.

Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes dizziness, cramps, nervous disturbances. Dust irritates eyes. Can be absorbed through skin; prolonged contact may produce various skin eruptions, dizziness, cramps, nausea, and mild to severe disturbance of the nervous system. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: move to fresh air. INGESTION: give large amount of water; get medical attention. EYES OR SKIN: wash with water; consult physician. (USCG, 1999)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. If signs of hypovolemia are present, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Several acute fatalities have been reported, with death in 10-48 hr. /Thiocyanate salts/|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Blood concentration of greater than 12% is to be considered dangerous. /Thiocyanates/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. ...Dust irritates eyes.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... True toxic manifestations of mild type are pyrosis, anorexia, nausea, abdominal distress and weakness. /Thiocyanates/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ammonium rhodanate

GRADES: Technical; CP; 50 to 60 % solution.|Usual grade is 98-99% pure.|Grades or Purity: Reagent; Technical, 50-65% soln in water|Amitrole-T (union carbide); radazone TL was a mixture of amitrole and ammonium thiocyanate|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Thiocyanic acid, ammonium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|Ammonium thiocyanate capacity in the United States is well in excess of 9000 metric ton/yr on a 100% solids basis, but production in the 1990s is substantially less than its capacity.

Thiocyanate is quantitatively precipitated as silver thiocyanate, and thus can be conveniently titrated with silver nitrate. In the presence of a ferric salt, a red-brown color, produced by the ferric thiocyanate complex, indicated the end point.

Agrochemicals -> Synergists