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Gemfibrozil

pharmaceutical raw materials
Gemfibrozil structure

Gemfibrozil 

structure
  • CAS No:

    25812-30-0

  • Formula:

    C15H22O3

  • Chemical Name:

    Gemfibrozil

  • Synonyms:

    PENTANOIC ACID, 5-(2,5-DIMETHYLPHENOXY)-2,2-DIMETHYL-;5-(2,5-DIMETHYLPHYLPHENOXY)-2,2-DIMETHYLPENTANOIC ACID;5-(2,5-DIMETHYL-PHENOXY)-2,2-DIMETHYL-PENTANOIC ACID;2,2-DIMETHYL-5-[2,5-DIMETHYL-PHENOXY]PENTANOIC ACID;2,2-DIMETHYL-5-(2,5-XYLYLOXY) VALERIC ACID;GEMFIBROZIL;Gemcitabine intermediates;5-(2,5-Dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic Acid, CI-719, Decrelip, Genlip, Gevilon, Lipozid, Lpur, Lopid

  • Categories:

    Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients  >  Inhibitor Drugs

Description

Gemfibrozil is an activator of PPAR-α, used as a lipid-lowering drug; Gemfibrozil is also a nonselective inhibitor of several P450 isoforms, with Ki values for CYP2C9, 2C19, 2C8, and 1A2 of 5.8, 24, 69, and 82 μM, respectively.


Gemfibrozil is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ agonist (EC50s = 193.3 and 147.8 μM, respectively, in transactivation assays).In vivo, gemfibrozil (50 mg/kg, p.o.) reduces serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels in a rat model of high-cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Gemfibrozil (100 mg/kg per day) reduces atherosclerotic plaque area, superoxide production, and expression of the genes encoding the NF-κB subunit p65 and chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 2 (CCL2) inApoE-/-mice. Formulations containing gemfibrozil have been used in the treatment of high cholesterol.


White Crystalline Powder


ChEBI: Gemfibrozil is an aromatic ether. It has a role as an antilipemic drug. It is functionally related to a valeric acid.


Gemfibrozil, 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid (Lopid), is a congener of clofibratethat was used first in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia inthe mid-1970s. Its mechanism of action and use are similar tothose of clofibrate. Gemfibrozil reduces plasma levels ofVLDL triglycerides and stimulates clearance of VLDL fromplasma. The drug has little effect on cholesterol plasma levelsbut does cause an increase of HDL.Gemfibrozil is absorbed quickly from the gut and excretedunchanged in the urine. The drug has a plasma half-life of1.5 hours, but reduction of plasma VLDL concentration takesbetween 2 and 5 days to become evident. The peak effect of its hypolipidemic action may take up to 4 weeks to becomemanifest.

Gemfibrozil Basic Attributes

250.33

250.33

247-280-2

White to Off-White

2918992090

Characteristics

46.5

3.8

Solid

1.1109 (rough estimate)

61-63°C

158-159 C

141.6±18.1 °C

1.5020 (estimate)

>0.5g/L(temperature not stated)

-20°C Freezer

3.1X10-5 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

LD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 3162, 4786 orally (Kurtz)

4.75±0.45(Predicted)

2-8°C

Safety Information

IRRITANT

NONH for all modes of transport

3

Xn,Xi

36-53-36/37-26-25

YV7120000

Xn,Xi

Stable at normal temperatures and pressures.

P301 + P312 + P330

22-63-62-46-36/38-21

Gemfibrozil Use and Manufacturing

A serum lipid regulating agent used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic


1. Used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The agent is suitable for treatment of severe type IV or type V hyperlipoproteinemia patients with high-risk coronary heart disease who had no response to treatments such as dietary control or weight loss. It is also applicable to type II-b hyperlipoproteinemia patients with high-risk coronary heart disease who had failed to respond to treatments such as dietary control, weight loss, or other lipid-regulating medications.2. Used as a lipid-regulating agent. It can significantly reduce the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in blood, and can significantly reduce very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, but it has little effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Clinically, it can be used in patients with all types of lipid metabolism disorders, such as primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemias, hypercholesterolemias, hypertriglyceridemias, mixed hyperlipidemias, and lipid metabolism disorders caused by diabetes. It can also be used to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction.3. The product belongs to phenoxy aromatic acid antihyperlipidemics, which is a group of drugs developed on the basis of clofibrate including fenofibrate, Etofylline Clofibrate, Bijiangzhi, gemfibrozil and so on. These drugs were similar in chemical structure. Clofibrate has rather serious adverse reactions (which include elevating the occurrence of gallstone). Improved drugs are more effective than clofibrate, with mild and fewer adverse reactions.4. A lipid-regulating drug that can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood.


This drug is used for hyperlipoproteinemia that cannot be corrected by a special diet or by physical exertion.


Gemfibrozil has been used to to study its effects on cell cycle progression in yeast. It has been used to study the effects of fibrates on cell proliferation and gene expression in human cell lines.

Drug Function and Efficacy

This product is a blood lipid regulating drug of clofibric acid derivatives. It may reduce the formation of triglycerides in the liver by promoting the decomposition of peripheral fat and reducing the liver's uptake of free fatty acids, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of very low-density lipoprotein apolipoproteins and reducing the production of very low-density lipoproteins. This product can reduce blood triglycerides and increase blood high-density lipoprotein concentrations, while slightly reducing blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (low-density lipoprotein may increase in type IV hyperlipoproteinemia). Long-term studies have shown that this product can reduce the risk of sudden death from severe coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.

This ingredient has been used in drugs with the following functions (note: it does not mean that the ingredient itself has the following health functions)

Related Drugs

Registered Holders

  • ZHONGFU Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

    China China
    Active
  • Hunan Qianjin Xiangjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

    China China
    Active
  • Zhejiang Jiuzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

    China China
    Active

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