copper;dihydrate

99.58 g/mol

98.950726 g/mol

243-815-9

DTXSID6034473

Blue to blue green gel or light blue crystalline powder|Blue-green powder

2 Ų

3.37

Decomposes at melting point, with loss of water.

Sol in acids, ammonium hydroxide; sol in concn alkali when freshly precipitated.|Soluble in acid solutions, concentrated alkaline solutions|Soluble in ammonium hydroxide|Readily soluble in aqueous ammonia; insoluble in organic solvents.|For more Solubility (Complete) data for COPPER(II) HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Odorless /Copper dust & mist (as Cu)/

STABILITY IS DEPENDENT ON METHOD OF PREPN; MAY DECOMP TO BLACK COPPER OXIDE ON STANDING FEW DAYS OR ON HEATING.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added are levels consistent with good feeding practice. Element: Copper; Source compound: copper hydroxide. (All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form.)

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P320, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P320, P330, P337+P313, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 859 companies from 26 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, and P362

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Copper (dusts and mists)/

For healthy, non-occupationally-exposed humans the major route of exposure to copper is oral. The mean daily dietary intake of copper in adults ranges between 0.9 and 2.2 mg. ... In some cases, drinking water may make a substantial additional contribution to the total daily intake of copper, particularly in households where corrosive waters have stood in copper pipes. ... All other intakes of copper (inhalation and dermal) are insignificant in comparison to the oral route. Inhalation adds 0.3-2.0 ug/day from dusts and smoke. Women using copper IUDs are exposed to only 80ug or less of copper per day from this source. The homeostasis of copper involves the dual essentiality and toxicity of the element. Its essentiality arises from its specific incorporation into a large number of proteins for catalytic and structural purposes. The cellular pathways of uptake, incorporation into protein and export of copper are conserved in mammals and modulated by the metal itself. Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. From 20 to 60% of the dietary copper is absorbed, with the rest being excreted through the feces. Once the metal passes through the basolateral membrane it is transported to the liver bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homeostatis. The copper is partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The primary route of excretion is through the bile. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular weight complexes. ... The biochemical toxicity of copper, when it exceeds homeostatic control, is derived from its effects on the structure and function of biomolecules, such as DNA, membranes and proteins directly or through oxygen-radical mechanisms. The toxicity of a single oral dose of copper varies widely between species. ... The major soluble salts (copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) chloride) are generally more toxic than the less soluble salts (copper(II) hydroxide, copper (II) oxide). Death is preceded by gastric hemorrhage, tachycardia, hypotension, hemolytic crisis, convulsions and paralysis. ... Long-term exposure in rats and mice showed no overt signs of toxicity other than a dose-related reduction in growth after ingestion ... The effects included inflammation of the liver and degeneration of kidney tubule epithelium. ... Some testicular degeneration and reduced neonatal body and organ weights were seen in rats ... and fetotoxic effects and malformations were seen at high dose levels. ... Neurochemical changes have been reported after oral administration ... A limited number of immunotoxicity studies showed humoral and cell-mediated immune function impairment in mice after oral intakes in drinking-water ... Copper is an essential element and adverse health effects /in humans/ are related to deficiency as well as excess. Copper deficiency is associated with anemia, neutropenia and bone abnormalities but clinically evident deficiency is relatively infrequent in humans. .. Except for occasional acute incidents of copper poisoning, few effects are noted in normal /human/ populations. Effects of single exposure following suicidal or accidental oral exposure have been reported as metallic taste, epigastric pain, headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea, tachycardia, respiratory difficulty, hemolytic anemia, hematuria, massive gastrointestinal bleeding, liver and kidney failure, and death. Gastrointestinal effects have also resulted from single and repeated ingestion of drinking-water containing high copper concentrations, and liver failure has been reported following chronic ingestion of copper. Dermal exposure has not been associated with systemic toxicity but copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. Metal fume fever from inhalation of high concentrations in the air in occupational settings have been reported ... A number of groups are described where apparent disorders in copper homeostasis result in greater sensitivity to copper deficit or excess than the general population. Some disorders have a well-defined genetic basis. These include Menkes disease, a generally fatal manifestation of copper deficiency; Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration), a condition leading to progressive accumulation of copper; and hereditary aceruloplasminemia, with clinical symptoms of copper overload. Indian childhood cirrhosis and idiopathic copper toxicosis are conditions related to excess copper which may be associated with genetically based copper sensitivity ... These are fatal conditions in early childhood where copper accumulates in the liver. ... Other groups potentially sensitive to copper excess are hemodialysis patients and subjects with chronic liver disease. Groups at risk of copper deficiency include infants (particularly low birth weight/preterm babies, children recovering from malnutrition, and babies fed exclusively with cow's milk), people with maladsorption syndrome (e.g., celiac disease, sprue, cystic fibrosis), and patients on total parenteral nutrition. Copper deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The adverse effects of copper must be balanced against its essentiality. Copper is an essential element for all biota ... At least 12 major proteins require copper as an integral part of their structure. It is essential for the utilization of iron in the formation of hemoglobin, and most crustaceans and molluscs possess the copper-containing hemocyanin as their main oxygen-carrying blood protein. ... A critical factor in assessing the hazard of copper is its bioavailablity. Adsorption of copper to particles and complexation by organic matter can greatly limit the degree to which copper will be accumulated ... At many sites, physiochemical factors limiting bioavailability will warrant higher copper limits. ...

LD50 Rat oral 1000 mg/kg body weight /from table/|LC50 Rabbit inhalation >1303 mg Cu/cu m

Ionic copper is absorbed from the stomach, duodenum, & jejunum. The initial absorption is about 30%, but the effective net absorption is only about 5% due to excretion of copper into the bile; biliary copper is bound to protein, & this complex is not reabsorbed. Absorption is influenced by a number of factors including the chemical forms of copper: oxides, hydroxides, iodides, glutamates, citrates, & pyrophosphates of copper are readily absorbed, but copper sulfides & other water insoluble salts are poorly absorbed. Copper complexes of some amino acids are easily absorbed, whereas copper porphyrins present in meat are very poorly absorbed. /Soluble copper salts/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Copper and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine, hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Copper and related compounds/

Cu(OH)2

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 023401; Trade Names: Kocide 101; Criscobre; Comac parasol; Kocide; Cuidrox; Cudrox; and Cupravit blue.|Dry flowable, flowable, micro flowable, water dispersible granules, wettable powder|Grade: Technical|Technical Hydrox; 90.0% copper hydroxide, technical chemical.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for COPPER(II) HYDROXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|Copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2): ACTIVE