(±)-2-Butanol

74.12

74.12

1718765

201-158-5

0112

25499

1120

DTXSID9021762

Colorless liquid

29051490

20.2

0.6

Colorless Liquid

0.8063 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-114 °C

99.5 °C

80 °F

1.393

H2O: 12.5 g/100 mL (20 ºc)

Flammables area

12.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

2.6 (vs air)

Oral-Rat  LD50: 6480 mg/kg; Intravenous-Mouse LD50: 764 mg/kg

It is flammable in case of open flame, high temperature, oxidant; burning produces irritating smoke; spontaneous combustion in contact with chromium trioxide

1.4-9.8%(V)

HAS A STRONG VINOUS ODOR

9.60e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

9.06e-06 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C

pKa = 17.6

IT EXISTS AS D, L, & DL ISOMERS|Saturated concn in air: 52 g/cu m @ 20 °C; 94 g/cu m @ 30 °C|Liquid heat capacity: 0.580 BTU/lb-F at 75 °F; Liquid thermal conductivity: 0.938 BTU-inch/hr-sq ft-F at 75 °F; Ideal gas heat capacity: 0.368 BTU/lb-F at 75 °F|Ionization potential= 10 eV|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Highly Flammable

Attacks plastics. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water (Merck 11th ed. 1989). Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].

2-Butanol|B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)|11 samples had 3 to > 1000 ppm, age > 1 yr|Kelly|An explosion occured during the distillation of a 10 yr old sample of the alcohol (the sample contained 12% peroxides). Another explosion of a 12 yr old sample occured during distillation. See Bretherick's.|Posdev, V. S. et al., Chem. Abs., 1977, 86, 194347

763 °F (406 °C) (IN AIR); 711 °F (377 °C) (IN OXYGEN)|406 °C

-15,500 BTU/lb= -8600 cal/g= -360x10+5 J/kg

10.10 eV

Lower flammable limit: 1.7% by volume at 212 °F (100 °C); Upper flammable limit: 9.8% by volume at 212 °F (100 °C)|Class IC Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 73°F and below 100°F.

sec-Butyl alcohol will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

49.72 kJ/mol @ 25 °C

Critical temperature: 536.2 K; critical pressure: 4.202 MPa

II

3

UN 1120 3/PG 3

1

10-36/37-67

13-24/25-26-46-7/9

EO1750000

Xi

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidant

Explosive when mixed with air; can oxidize on its own to form explosive peroxides

Stable. Flammable. Substances to be avoided include acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, oxidizing agents and halogens.

P210-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338-P337 + P313-P403 + P235

H226-H319-H335-H336

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|1. BY ABSORBING IT IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH OR SIMILAR MATERIAL & DISPOSING IN SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. 2. BY ATOMIZING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.|s-Butyl alcohol is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.|Incineration: Spray waste material into the firebox of an incinerator. Combustion may be improved by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fires and ... explosions.|Butanol, used as a solvent in an autoclave preparation at 100 °C, severely attacked the aluminum gasket, liberating hydrogen which caused a sharp rise in pressure. /Butanol/|Strong oxidizers, organic peroxides, perchloric & permonosulfuric acids.|Ignites on contact with chromium trioxide.

2-butanol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

Brusewitz S, Wennberg A; Criteria Document for Setting Exposure Limits for Butanol and Butyl Acetate. Arbetarskyddsstryelsen, Publikationsservice, 45 pp. (1984). Contents of this critical literature survey include: uses; activities involving exposure to the title substances; toxicology (metabolic models of isobutanol isomers and butyl acetate), toxicological mechanisms, effects on various organs (in particular the central nervous system), reproductive effects; allergies; genotoxic effects; carcinogenic effects; exposure indicators; dose-effect relations; definitions.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable. Above 24 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Warning|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 338 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2871 companies from 39 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P281, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P281, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use, impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with liquid sec-butyl alcohol. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use splash proof safety goggles where liquid sec-butyl alcohol may contact the eyes.|Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME.|... Flammable liquid ... .|Ignites on contact with chromium trioxide.

POWERFUL EXPLOSION TOOK PLACE DURING DISTILLATION OF LONG STORED (APPROX 10 YR) SEC-BUTANOL.|Sec-Butyl alcohol should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.|Lower explosive limit: 1.7% @ 212 °F; upper explosive limit: 9.8% @ 212 °F|Auto-oxidizes to an explosive peroxide.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.7-9.0

WATER SPRAY, ALCOHOL FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL|Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO ... CLEAR HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN PAPER IN SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|VENTILATION CONTROL: THE BASIC VENTILATION METHODS ARE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION AND DILUTION OR GENERAL VENTILATION. ... SUBSTITUTION OF LESS IRRITATING SUBSTANCES ... REDESIGN OF OPERATIONS ... PREVENT CONTACT, PROVISION OF A PHYSICAL BARRIER AGAINST CONTACT, PROPER WASHING FACILITIES, WORK CLOTHING AND STORAGE FACILITIES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, AND BARRIER CREAMS. MEDICAL CONTROL ...|Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ... Clothing wet with liquid sec-butyl alcohol should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of sec-butyl alcohol from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the sec-butyl alcohol, the person performing the operation should be informed of sec-butyl alcohol's hazardous properties. Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid sec-butyl alcohol should be removed immediately and not reworn until the sec-butyl alcohol is removed from the clothing.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Butanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Butanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Butanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Butanols/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Vapor: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat; ... Liquid: Irritating to eyes|... Irritating to ... skin.|... IN LIQUID FORM IT WAS LESS INJURIOUS TO EYES THAN N-BUTANOL.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 150 ppm (450 mg/cu m).|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 100 ppm (305 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 150 ppm (455 mg/cu m).

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and aluminium.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Exposure far above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness. If swallowed the substance may cause vomiting and could result in aspiration pneumonitis.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 24 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. s-Butyl alcohol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4,000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, sec-Butyl alcohol was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences, median concn in ppb): leather tanning (1; 46.7), petroleum refining (1; 149.3), paint and ink (1; 324.7), organics and plastics (2; 35.4), pesticides manufacture (1; 36.2), pharmaceuticals (1; 4.6), foundries (1; 41.0), electronics (1; 19.9), mechanical products (3; 90.6), publicly owned treatment works (3; 12.4)(1). The highest effluent concn was 920.1 ppb in the mechanical products industry(1). sec-Butyl alcohol was found in landfill leachate from 1 of 5 sites in Connecticut(2). The concentration of sec-butyl alcohol in this leachate ranged from 6.2 to 14.9 ppm(2). Trench leachate from the Maxey Flats, KY and West Valley, NY disposal sites also contained sec-butyl alcohol(3). sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of furniture coatings(4). sec-Butyl alcohol was detected at concns ranging from 1 to 272 mg/cu m in landfill gas from 7 waste disposal sites in the United Kingdom(5). sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of common garden waste(6).

sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in forest air in the Southern Black Forest of Germany(1). Sampling at Tucson, AZ and two rural sites 40 km away for light weight alcohols failed to detect any sec-butyl alcohol either in air or precipitation(2).

The concn of sec-butyl alcohol in 3 samples of poultry manure was 0.150, 4.63, and 6.58 ppm(1).

moderately toxic

... Ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol ... exert a ... potentiating effect on the acute inhalation toxicity of carbon tetrachloride. ... Interaction between isopropanol & carbon tetrachloride was documented in an industrial accident ... where workers exposed to both agents exhibited hepatotoxicity. With ethanol the potentiation seems to be due to the presence of the unmetabolized alcohol; however, with isopropanol the effect seems to be caused by the presence of both unmetabolized alcohol and acetone. The results obtained with n-butanol resemble those of ethanol, whereas with 2-butanol they resemble those of isopropanol ... .|ADDING 1 G/L OF PROPAN-1-OL, PROPAN-2-OL, BUTAN-1-OL, BUTAN-2-OL, ISOBUTANOL TO 40% ETHANOL IN ORANGE JUICE LOWERED AND DELAYED BLOOD ETHANOL MAX IN TEN 20-30 YR OLD MEN WHO DRANK 3.75 ML/KG OF SYNTHETIC BEVERAGE.|2-Butanol at high concentrations potentiated carbon tetrachloride liver toxicity in rodents, probably due to the enhancement of the biotransformation of carbon tetrachloride to cytotoxic metabolites by activation of selective cytochrome p450 isozymes.

LD50 Rat oral 6.48 g/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 4.9 g/kg bw|LD50 Guinea pig ip 1.1 g/kg bw|LD50 Hamster ip 1.2 g/kg bw|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

sec-Butyl alcohol is an aroma component of apples and pears(1) and is also found in poultry manure(2).

sec-Butyl alcohol's production and use as a solvent for many natural resins, an ingredient in paint removers and industrial cleaners(1) and as a chemical intermediate in the production of methyl ethyl ketone(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 50(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.61(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that sec-butyl alcohol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of sec-butyl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of sec-butyl alcohol from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 18.3 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process for this compound in soil surfaces(SRC). sec-Butyl alcohol achieved 44.2 and 72.3% of its theoretical BOD after 10 and 20 day incubation periods, respectively using a domestic sewage sludge inoculum(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 50(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.61(2) and a regression- derived equation(3), indicates that sec-butyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 29, days respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. In a river die-away test, sec-butyl alcohol achieved 55% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days(7), suggesting biodegradation will be an important fate process(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), sec-butyl alcohol, which has a vapor pressure of 18.3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase sec-butyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 40 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of sec-butyl alcohol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 9.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 40 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). sec-Butyl alcohol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for sec-butyl alcohol(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.61(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of sec-butyl alcohol is estimated as 50(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.61(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that sec-butyl alcohol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for sec-butyl alcohol is 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that sec-butyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 29 days(SRC). sec-Butyl alcohol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of sec-butyl alcohol from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 18.5 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water from Ottumwa, IA(1). It was also identified, but not quantified, in drinking water wells in China underneath land that was spread with sewage(2).|SURFACE WATER: sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the Niagara River(1).

sec-Butyl alcohol is found in many diverse food items. It has been identified as a volatile component of baked potatoes(1), apples and pears(2), a gruyere-type cheese, fried bacon, roasted filberts(3), and dry legumes(4). sec-Butyl alcohol was detected in soybeans at concns of 406.3 to 3458.3 ug/kg(5). sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in grain(6).

The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to sec-butyl alcohol may occur. ... Liberation during spray application of ethyl cellulose-based surface coatings; during open-tank mixing of surface coatings, dyes, oils; liberation during use of industrial cleaning cmpd; liberation during use of paint removers; during hand application of ethyl cellulose and nitrocellulose surface coatings; liberation during use of adhesives in mfr of plywood; during mfr of methyl ethyl ketone, sec-butyl acetate, and xanthate; during mixing of hydraulic fluids, paint removers, perfumes, in closed vessels|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-83) has statistically estimated that 47,211 workers (25,058 of these are female) are potentially exposed to sec-butyl alcohol in the US(1). Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sec-butyl alcohol is produced or used(SRC). The general population is exposed to sec-butyl alcohol through the ingestion of foods that contain this compound(SRC).

sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in human blood(1).

ABOUT 77% OF BUTANOL-2 IS EXHALED BY LUNG. ... /ITS/ SEC-BUTYLGLUCURONIDE /CONJUGATE HAS BEEN/ ISOLATED FROM URINE ...|It is absorbed through the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.|Low molecular weight alcohols are absorbed through the skin. /Low molecular weight alcohols/|Urine was analyzed immediately, 1, 2, 8, and 9 hr after drinking (during 2 hr) 3.75 ml/kg of beverages containing orange juice, 15 or 40% ethanol, and 1 g/l of 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol or a mixture of 1-propanol & isobutyl alcohol. Maximum urine levels /in mg/l/ were found 1 hr after drinking ended: 1-propanol 5.04, 2-propanol 3.36, 1-butanol 0.43, 2-butanol 2.55, isobutyl alcohol ... 1.7-2.03 mg/l. Urine treatment with beta-glucuronidase before analysis indicated that significant amounts of the alcohols were excreted as glucuronides, esp isobutyl alcohol. 2-Propanol and 2-butanol were the slowest to be metabolized. When mixtures of alcohols were given, the concentrations of isobutyl alcohol glucuronides were high with the mixtures containing 5 and 15% ethanol, and decreased at 40% ethanol.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SOME ... IS CONVERTED IN BODY TO METHYL ETHYL KETONE ... PHASE II METABOLISM OF BUTANOL-2 RESULTED IN URINARY EXCRETION OF ITS GLUCURONIDE CONJUGATE (APPROX 14% OF THE DOSE IN THE RABBIT). ... IN MAN GLUCURONIDATION PLAYS ONLY A MINOR ROLE IN THE DISPOSITION OF BUTANOL-2: THE GLUCURONIDE CONJUGATE ACCOUNTED FOR ONLY 0.5% OF THE INGESTED DOSE.|... /BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OF/ 2-BUTANOL ... RESEMBLE THOSE OF ISOPROPANOL; 2-BUTANOL IS ... METABOLIZED TO A KETONE (2-BUTANONE ...).|In vitro reactions with liver microsomes of mice produced sec-butanol from n-butane.|METABOLISM OF ETHANOL, PROPANOL, ISOPROPANOL, BUTANOL, ISOBUTANOL, SEC-BUTANOL, & TERT-BUTANOL WAS STUDIED AFTER ORAL ADMIN IN RABBITS. BLOOD PH WAS ON THE ACID SIDE WITH PROPANOL, BUTANOL, & ISOBUTANOL, AND ON THE ALKALINE SIDE WITH ISOPROPANOL & SEC-BUTANOL, BUT NO CHANGE WAS OBSERVED WITH ETHANOL & TERT-BUTANOL. BUTANOL & ISOBUTANOL HAD THE LOWEST RATE OF URINARY EXCRETION. ACETALDEHYDE AND ACETIC ACID WERE DETECTED AS THE URINARY METABOLITES OF ETHANOL AND PROPANOL, WHEREAS ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE & ISOVALERIC ACID WERE THE METABOLITES OF ISOBUTANOL.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; narcosis Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

... BUTYL ALCOHOLS HAVE PRODUCED FEW CASES OF POISONING IN INDUSTRY BECAUSE OF THEIR LOW VOLATILITY. /BUTYL ALCOHOLS/|Symptomatology: 1. Central nervous system: headache, muscle weakness, giddiness, ataxia, confusion, delirium, coma. 2. Gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (odor of the alcohol in excreta). 3. Irritation of skin, eyes, throat from vapor or liquid. Cough and dyspnea. 4. Death from resp failure. 5. Disturbances of cardiac rhythm. 6. Occasional complications: a. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage b. Renal damage with glycosuria c. Liver damage d. Cardiac failure e. Pulmonary edema ... /Alcohols (higher)/|TWO PT WITH ALCOHOL DERMATITIS & HYPERSENSITIVITY TO PRIMARY ALCOHOLS WERE TESTED FOR HYPERSENSITIVITY TO SECONDARY ALCOHOLS. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY PURE 2-BUTANOL PRODUCED AN INTENSE ECZEMATOUS RESPONSE IN BOTH.|Short term exposure: Overexposure to sec-butyl alcohol may cause ... headache, dizziness, and drowsiness. Long term exposure: Drying and cracking of the skin may result from prolonged skin exposure.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-butanol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; narcosis

Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness.

Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

95% FOR SYNTHESIS OF METHYL ETHYL KETONE; 5% AS SOLVENT FOR LACQUERS, PAINT REMOVERS, AND ADHESIVES (1972)

Grades: technical

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|2-Butanol: ACTIVE

A gas chromatographic method applicable to volatile denaturants in alcoholic products is described. Pipet 25 ml of each expected denaturant standard soln into ... flasks and add 1.00 ml n-propanol as internal standard. Cap immediately with rubber stoppers, shake 3 min, and let stand 10 min at room temp. Inject 0.3 ul portions from 1 ul microsyringe. Determine peak areas and calculate ... for each cmpd ... .|A calculation method for the identification of indoor air pollutants analyzed by gas chromatography is described. It is based on correlation between the retention and the molecular properties of a substance.|NIOSH Method 1401. Determination of Alcohols by Gas Chromatography, Using a Flame Ionization Detector. Detection limit 1 mg/cu m.

The detn of ... (2-butanol) ... in 50-100 ul blood serum /is performed/ by capillary gas chromatography. Detection limit is 10 ug/l.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional ClassesFood Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree

Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT;