Avobenzone

310.39

310.39

274-581-6

G63QQF2NOX

758680

DTXSID9044829

C47406

Crystals from methanol|Off-white to yellowish, crystalline powder

29145000

43.4

4.8

white powder

1.1±0.1 g/cm3

83.5 °C

463.6°C at 760 mmHg

203.1±26.0 °C

1.545

Water-insoluble , soluble in isopropanol, decyl oleate, capric/caprylic triglyceride, castor oil.

Store below 40 deg C (104 deg F), preferably between 15 and 30 deg. C (59 and 86 deg. F), unless otherwise specified by manufacturer. /Sunscreen agents, topical/

1.4X10-6 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Slightly aromatic

Henry's Law constant = 2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

181.2 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.5X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

UN30779/PG3

2

50/53

60-61

N

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P273-P501

H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Sunscreen active ingredients. The active ingredient of the product consists of any of the following, within the concentration specified for each ingredient, and the finished product provides a minimum SPF value of not less than 2 as measured by the testing procedures established in subpart D of this part: Avobenzone up to 3 percent is included on this list.|The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed over-the-counter drug products, including avobenzone, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

H413 (95.12%): May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]|P273, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2057 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Carbon oxides

Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposa

Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. Full contact Material: Nitrile rubber Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm Break through time: 480 min Material tested: Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M). Splash contact Material: Nitrile rubber Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm Break through time: 480 min Material tested: Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)|Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Derivatives of PABA, benzophenone, cinnamic acid, and salicylate and 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid have caused skin irritation including burning, stinging, pruritus, and erythema on rare occasions. /Sunscreens/

Avobenzone has been detected in sewage treatment water works as part of an EPA monitoring study identifying pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment(1). Gray water (any washwater that has been used in the home, except water from toilets) collected from 32 homes in the Netherlands contained an average avobenzone concentration of 3.5 ug/L with a range of 0.3 to 17.4 ug/L(2).

A minimum toxic dose has not been established. Significant toxicity is not expected

Diminish the penetration of ultraviolet (UV) light through the epidermis by absorbing UV radiation within a specific wavelength range. The amount and wavelength of UV radiation absorbed are affected by the molecular structure of the sunscreen agent. /Sunscreen agents, topical/

Because the absorptive characteristics of skin of children younger than 6 months of age may differ from those of adults and because the immaturity of metabolic and excretory pathways of these children may limit their ability to eliminate any percutaneously absorbed sunscreen agent, sunscreen products should be used in children younger than 6 months of age only as directed by a clinician. It is possible that the characteristics of geriatric skin also differ from those of skin in younger adults, but these characteristics and the need for special considerations regarding use of sunscreen preparations in this age group are poorly understood. /Sunscreens/

Avobenzone's production and use as an ultraviolet absorber in sunscreen products and cosmetics(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1980(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that avobenzone is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of avobenzone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Avobenzone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Avobenzone has been shown to photolyze rapidly when applied to surfaces exposed to solar radiation(3); therefore, direct photolysis is expected to be an important fate process on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC). Biological treatment of gray water containing an influent average avobenzone concentration of 3.5 ug/L reduced the average concentration to 0.48 ug/L under aerobic treatment, 1.27 ug/L under anaerobic treatment, and 0.2 ug/L with combined aerobic and anaerobic treatment(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1980(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that avobenzone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 113(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.51(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Avobenzone absorbs UV light strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). In buffered aqueous solutions, avobenzone has been shown to degrade through reaction with hydroxy radicals(6). Sensitized photolysis via reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxy radicals in natural water exposed to sunlight can be an important fate process(7), and may have some importance with respect to avobenzone(SRC). Biological treatment of gray water containing an influent average avobenzone concentration of 3.5 ug/L reduced the average concentration to 0.48 ug/L under aerobic treatment, 1.27 ug/L under anaerobic treatment, and 0.2 ug/L with combined aerobic and anaerobic treatment(8).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), avobenzone, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase avobenzone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase avobenzone may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Avobenzone absorbs UV light strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of avobenzone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Avobenzone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). Avobenzone absorbs UV light strongly at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Avobenzone is highly degraded by UV light and normal day light and it will be drastically reduced over time during the course of normal use(4); control degradation studies have shown that 1 hour of sunlight exposure reduces avobenzone absorbance by 36%(4). In buffered aqueous solutions, avobenzone has been shown to degrade through reaction with hydroxy radicals(5). Sensitized photolysis via reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxy radicals in natural water exposed to sunlight can be an important fate process(6), and may have some importance with respect to avobenzone(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 113 was calculated for avobenzone in fish(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.51(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of avobenzone can be estimated to be 1980(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that avobenzone is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for avobenzone is estimated as 2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that avobenzone is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Avobenzene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Avobenzone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

SURFACE WATER: In surface seawater samples collected from Folly Beach, South Carolina in the summer of 2010, sulisobenzone was not detected in any samples from four sites (detection limit 1 ng/L) while other UV filter compounds (avobenzone, octocrylene, octinoxate, and padimate-O) were detected at concentrations ranging from 10 to 2013 ng/L(1).

Occupational exposure to avobenzone may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where avobenzone is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to avobenzone via dermal contact with this compound in consumer products, such as sunscreens and cosmetics, containing avobenzone. (SRC)

Sun protection factor, added in the sunscreen products for its wide spectrum ultraviolet absorption properties.

Daily use of a sunscreen with a high SPF (greater than 15) on usually exposed skin is recommended for residents of areas of high ... /solar radiation/ who work outdoors or ... /enjoy/ regular outdoor recreation. Daily use of a sunscreen can reduce the cumulative ... /solar/ exposure that causes actinic keratoses and squamous-cell carcinoma.|Sunscreen agents are indicated for the prevention of sunburn. In addition to limiting the skin's exposure to the sun, using sunscreen agents regularly when in the sun may help reduce long-term sun damage such as premature aging of the skin and skin cancer. /Sunscreen agents, topical; Included in US product labeling/|Sunscreen preparations should be applied uniformly and generously to all exposed skin surfaces, including lips, before exposure to UVB radiation. Two applications of the sunscreen may be needed for maximum protection. PABA-containing sunscreens are most effective when applied 1-2 hours before exposure to sunlight. Sunscreen products that are not water resistant should be reapplied after swimming, towel-drying, or profuse sweating and, because most sunscreens are easily removed from the skin, reapplication every 1-2 hours or according to the manufacturer's directions usually is required to provide adequate protection from UVB light. /Sunscreens/

The manufacturers of sunscreen preparations with propellants warn that concentrating and subsequently inhaling the fumes from these preparations may be harmful or fatal. /Propellants/|Because the absorptive characteristics of skin of children younger than 6 months of age may differ from those of adults and because the immaturity of metabolic and excretory pathways of these children may limit their ability to eliminate any percutaneously absorbed sunscreen agent, sunscreen products should be used in children younger than 6 months of age only as directed by a clinician. It is possible that the characteristics of geriatric skin also differ from those of skin in younger adults, but these characteristics and the need for special considerations regarding use of sunscreen preparations in this age group are poorly understood. /Sunscreens/|Little information is available regarding the safety of chronic sunscreen usage, but commercially available physical and chemical sunscreens appear to have a low incidence of adverse effects. Derivatives of PABA, benzophenone, cinnamic acid, and salicylate and 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid have caused skin irritation including burning, stinging, pruritus, and erythema on rare occasions. /Sunscreens/|Sunscreens should not be used as a means of extending the duration of solar exposure, such as prolonging sunbathing, and should not be used as a substitute for clothing on usually unexposed sites, such as the trunk and buttocks. /Sunscreens/|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for AVOBENZONE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking ultraviolet radiation. (See all compounds classified as Sunscreening Agents.)

Solvents used in sunscreen products affect the stability and binding of the drug to the skin; in general, alcoholic solvents allow for the most rapid and deepest epidermal penetration of sunscreens. It appears that sunscreen agents are absorbed by the intact epidermis to varying degrees. /Sunscreens/

It blocks UVA I, UVA II, and UVB wavelengths, thereby limiting the impact of UV rays on skin. Diminish the penetration of ultraviolet (UV) light through the epidermis by absorbing UV radiation within a specific wavelength range. The amount and wavelength of UV radiation absorbed are affected by the molecular structure of the sunscreen agent.|Diminish the penetration of ultraviolet (UV) light through the epidermis by absorbing UV radiation within a specific wavelength range. The amount and wavelength of UV radiation absorbed are affected by the molecular structure of the sunscreen agent. /Sunscreen agents, topical/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /The authors/ report four cases of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) occurring in middle-aged men with significant outdoor exposure. The aim of this report is to show the spectrum of presentations of patients with CAD and to outline the proper diagnostic workup of these individuals. Phototesting was performed to determine the minimal erythema doses to ultraviolet (UV)A (315-400 nm) and UVB (280-315 nm) and photopatch testing and patch testing for each individual with the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Standard series and the Chemotechnique Plant series, supplemented by the Hausen Plant series and the patients' own products. All patients were men, over 45 years, who worked outdoors or had outdoor hobbies. Two had a past known history of allergic contact dermatitis. Two had atopic dermatitis. Three had positive reactions to Compositae plants and sesquiterpene lactone; one had a reaction to lichen acid mix. All had photocontact dermatitis or contact dermatitis to sunscreen chemicals, including benzophenone 3 (oxybenzone), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (avobenzone), and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (octinoxate).|/ENDOCRINE MODULATION/ ... Six frequently used UVA and UVB screens /were examined/ for estrogenicity in vitro and in vivo. In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the five UVB filters, that is, benzophenone-3 (Bp-3), homosalate (HMS), 4-methyl-benzylidene camphor (4-MBC), octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC), and octyl-dimethyl-PABA (OD-PABA), increased cell proliferation with median effective concentrations (EC(50)) values between 1.56 and 3.73 uM, whereas the UVA filter butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane (B-MDM) was inactive. ...|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro skin phototoxicity of cosmetic formulations containing photounstable and photostable UV-filters and vitamin A palmitate, assessed by two in vitro techniques: 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Test and Human 3-D Skin Model In Vitro Phototoxicity Test. For this, four different formulations containing vitamin A palmitate and different UV-filters combinations, two of them considered photostable and two of them considered photounstable, were prepared. Solutions of each UV-filter and vitamin under study and solutions of four different combinations under study were also prepared. The phototoxicity was assessed in vitro by the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test (3T3-NRU-PT) and subsequently in a phototoxicity test on reconstructed human skin model (H3D-PT). Avobenzone presented a pronounced phototoxicity and vitamin A presented a tendency to a weak phototoxic potential. A synergistic effect of vitamin A palmitate on the phototoxicity of combinations containing avobenzone was observed. H3D-PT results did not confirm the positive 3T3-NRU-PT results. However, despite the four formulations studied did not present any acute phototoxicity potential, the combination 2 containing octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), avobenzone (AVB) and 4-methylbenzilidene camphor (MBC) presented an indication of phototoxicity that should be better investigated in terms of the frequency of photoallergic or chronic phototoxicity in humans, once these tests are scientifically validated only to detect phototoxic potential with the aim of preventing phototoxic reactions in the general population, and positive results cannot predict the exact incidence of phototoxic reactions in humans.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The penetration and retention of five commonly used sunscreen agents (avobenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, oxybenzone and padimate O) in human skin was evaluated after application in mineral oil to isolated human epidermal membranes. Sunscreen concentration-human keratinocyte culture response curves were then defined using changes in cell morphology and proliferation (DNA synthesis using radiolabelled thymidine uptake studies) as evidence of sunscreens causing toxicity. Following 24 hr of human epidermal exposure to sunscreens, detectable amounts of all sunscreens were present in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis, with epidermal penetration most evident with oxybenzone. The concentrations of each sunscreen found in human viable epidermis after topical application, adjusting for skin partitioning and binding effects, were at least 5-fold lower, based on levels detected in viable epidermal cells, than those appearing to cause toxicity in cultured human keratinocytes. It is concluded that the human viable epidermal levels of sunscreens are too low to cause any significant toxicity to the underlying human keratinocytes|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AVOBENZONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane

Brand Names: Banana Boat (as a combination product containing Avobenzone, Homosalate, Octisalate, Octocrylene, Oxybenzone); Bullfrog (as a combination product containing Avobenzone, Homosalate, Octisalate, Octocrylene, Oxybenzone); Coppertone (as a combination product containing Avobenzone, Homosalate, Octisalate, Octocrylene, Oxybenzone); Hawaiian Tropic (as a combination product containing Avobenzone, Octocrylene, Oxybenzone); /and/ PreSun (as a combination product containing Avobenzone, Octinoxate, Octisalate, Oxybenzone).

1,3-Propanedione, 1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-: ACTIVE|Sunscreens are available in a variety of dosage forms and formulations. ... Because these formulations frequently change and the manufacturers often are reluctant to reveal specific ingredients in their formulations, a listing of commercially available sunscreens is not included in this monograph. /Sunscreens/

HPLC determination in cosmetics|Analyte: avobenzone; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: infrared absorption spectrophotometry with comparison to standards|Analyte: avobenzone; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry with comparison to standards|Analyte: avobenzone; matrix: chemical purity; procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection with comparison to standards

Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Cosmetics -> Uv absorber; Uv filter