Ethoxyquin

217.307

217.31

202-075-7

9T1410R4OR

6795

DTXSID9020582

YELLOW LIQUID

2933499090

21.26

3.8307

Yellow to red - brown liquid

1.029-1.031 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

0 °C (approx)

123-125 °C @ Press: 2 Torr

137 °C

1.569~1.571

ethanol: 50 mL/L, clear, brown | <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 ºC;H2O: less than 1 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992)

Treasury low temperature, ventilation, dry, fire, and oxidants, food raw materials stored separately

1.82e-05 mm Hg at 32° F ; 0.000256 mm Hg at 77° F (NTP, 1992)

7.48 (AIR= 1)

LD50 orally in rats, mice: 1920, 1730 mg/kg (Piul'skaya)

152.6 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]|154.45 Ų [M+H]+

Polymerizes and darkens in color on exposure to light and air. Insoluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Polymerizable

ETHOXYQUIN may undergo a hazardous polymerization at temperatures above 320° F. Tends to polymerize and darken in color on exposure to light and air. Not compatible with oxidizing agents and with strong acids (NTP, 1992).

NONH for all modes of transport

1

R22

S24

VB8225000

Xn

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong acids. Polymerizes if heated. May polymerize upon exposure to light and air.

P301 + P312 + P330

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Can react with oxidizing materials.

Ethoxyquin is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.|Ethoxyquin in animal feeds may be safely used in accordance with conditions prescribed in 21 CFR Part 573.|Ethoxyquin in certain dehydrated forage crops may be safely used in accordance with conditions prescribed in 21 CFR Part 573.

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 249 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Danger|P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

FIRE HAZARD /IS/ SLIGHT

SKIN IRRITANT.

ELEVATION OF EPOXIDE HYDRATASE ACTIVITY IS OBTAINED BY IP OR ORAL TREATMENT OF MICE WITH ETHOXYQUIN. THIS ELEVATION IS PREVENTED BY CONCOMITANT TREATMENT WITH CYCLOHEXIMIDE.|SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF ETHOXYQUIN (200 MG/KG) TO RATS INHIBITED HEPATIC MICROSOMAL HYDROXYLATION OF THIABENDAZOLE, ANILINE & BIPHENYL BY 65, 40 & 40% IN VITRO AT 1 HR AFTER DOSAGE. ORAL ETHOXYQUIN (400 MG/KG) DELAYED ABSORPTION OF & DECR PLASMA CONCN OF THIABENDAZOLE.|The effects of dietary administration of ethoxyquin on aflatoxin B1 metabolism, DNA adduct formation and removal and hepatic tumorigenesis were examined in male Fischer rats. Rats were fed a semipurified diet containing 0.4% ethoxyquin for 1 wk, gavaged with 250 ug of aflatoxin B1 per kg 5 times a wk during the next 2 wk, and finally restored to the control diet 1 wk after cessation of dosing. At 4 mo, focal areas of hepatocellular alteration were identified and quantitated by staining sections of liver for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Treatment with ethoxyquin reduced by greater than 95% both area and volume of liver occupied by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci. Utilizing the same multiple dosing protocol, patterns of covalent modifications of DNA by aflatoxin B1 were determined. Ethoxyquin produced a dramatic reduction in the binding of aflatoxin B1 to hepatic DNA: 18-fold initially and 3-fold at the end of the dosing period. Although binding was detectable at 3 and 4 mo postdosing, no effect of ethoxyquin was observed, suggesting that these persistent adducts are not of primary relevance to aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis. Analysis of nucleic acid bases by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed no qualitative differences in adduct species between treatment groups. The inhibitory effect of ethoxyquin on aflatoxin B1 binding to DNA and tumorigenesis appears related to induction of detoxication enzymes. Rats fed 0.4% ethoxyquin for 7 days showed a 5-fold increase in hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST)-specific activities. Multiple molecular forms of glutathione S-transferase were induced, and concomitant elevations in messenger RNA levels coding for the synthesis of glutathione S-transferase subunits were observed. Correspondingly, billary elimination of aflatoxin B1-glutathione conjugate was increased 4.5-fold in animals on the ethoxyquin diet during the first 2 hr following oral administration of 250 micrograms of aflatoxin B1 per kg. Thus, induction by ethoxyquin of enzymes important to aflatoxin B1 detoxication, such as glutathione S-transferase can lead to enhanced carcinogen elimination, as well as reductions of aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct formation and subsequent expression of preneoplastic lesions, and, ultimately, neoplasia.

(VET): Ethoxyquin is added to animal feeds at 0.015% as an antioxidant ... to help prevent encephalomalacia in growing chickens.|(VET): SANTOQUIN HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY USED WITH VITAMIN E IN TREATMENT OF WHITE MUSCLE DISEASE IN LAMBS.|Vitamin E and also several synthetic antioxidants, such as ... ethoxyquin, have modified tumor induction by certain carcinogens in a number of target organs. However, inhibition was achieved at high doses at which induction of biotransformation enzymes also occurs with the synthetics and, therefore, inhibition may not be due solely to antioxidant effects.

3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5 G/KG; BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1 PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

FEEDING TRIAL IN COWS WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER ETHOXYQUIN OR ITS RESIDUES ARE TRANSFERRED FROM FEED TO MILK WHEN ADDED TO COW FEED AT 0.015% OF DRY MATTER INTAKE. LESS THAN 7 UG ETHOXYQUIN/L WAS DETECTED IN MILK BY FLUORIMETRY & BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY.|(14)C-ETHOXYQUIN WAS DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT MOST TISSUES & BLOOD AT 0.5 HR AFTER ADMIN TO RATS. HIGHEST RADIOACTIVITY THROUGHOUT EXPERIMENT WAS OBSERVED IN LIVER, KIDNEY, GI TRACT & ADIPOSE TISSUE. THERE WAS NO ACTIVITY IN CNS. OF DOSE INGESTED BY RAT 2.2 & 0.2% WERE FOUND IN LIVER AT 0.5 HR & 6 DAYS RESPECTIVELY FOLLOWING DOSE. HEPATIC PEAK IN RADIOACTIVITY WAS MEASURED AT 8 HR; & AFTER 6 DAYS 7.5% OF THIS LEVEL WAS STILL PRESENT IN LIVER. 6 DAYS AFTER ADMIN TO RATS RESIDUES OF ETHOXYQUIN & METABOLITES WERE PRESENT IN KIDNEY CORTEX, INTESTINES, LUNG, VARIOUS ADIPOSE TISSUES & BLOOD.|The compound is readily absorbed, metabolized, and excreted in urine and feces.|Ethoxyquin residue levels in the mouse tissue were determined by the HPLC-fluorometric detection method. Mice were given powdered feed containing 0, 0.125, and 0.5% ethoxyquin hydrochloric acid and the ethoxyquin residue levels in liver kidney, lung, and brain tissues were determined after 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 wk (4 mice/group). The tissue samples were homogenized in 10 volumes (w/v) of acetonitrile-water (7:3 v/v) centrifuged and the supernatants were stored in a freezer for 2-3 hr or until the two layers separated; then the clear upper layers were analyzed. The mean ethoxyquin residue levels in the tissue ranged 0.84-4.58 ug ethoxyquin/g liver and 0.11-0.92 ug ethoxyquin/g brain. The relative weight of the liver (5.21-7.07% body weight) and the hepatic glutathione level (5.99-7.83 uM GSH/g tissue) of mice that received ethoxyquin were significantly higher than those of the controls (4.67-5.05% body weight and 4.30-5.78 uM GSH/g tissue, respectively). The mean hepatic mitochondrial glutathione levels of the higher ethoxyquin feeding group following dietary administration of ethoxyquin for 14 wk, was approximately twofold (1.68 nM GSH/mg protein) of both the control and the lower ethoxyquin feeding groups (0.83 and 0.74 nM GSH/mg protein, respectively.

MAJOR METABOLIC REACTION WAS DEETHYLATION OF ETHOXYQUIN WHICH PRODUCED 6-HYDROXY-2,2,4-TRIMETHYL-1,2-DIHYDROQUINOLINE & 2,2,4-TRIMETHYL-6-QUINOLINE. OTHER REACTIONS WERE HYDROXYLATION TO FOUR DIFFERENT HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES & ONE DIHYDROXYLATED METABOLITE.|An avg of 28 & 36% of dose of radioactivity was recovered in bile in 12 & 24 hr respectively following intragastric admin of (14)C-ethoxyquin to bile duct cannulated rats. Biliary radioactive substances included, in addn to unchanged ethoxyquin...8-hydroxyethoxyquin; hydroxylated 8-hydroxyethoxyquin; 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinolone; hydroxylated 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-8-quinolone; 6-ethoxy-2,4-dimethylquinoline; and 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinolone.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include skin irritation. It can cause eye irritation. It can also cause skin sensitization (allergic reactions), lacrimation, depression, reproductive effects, liver effects, kidney effects and thyroid effects. Dermatitis may also occur. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may cause irritation of the skin and eyes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. It may cause lacrimation. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

SKIN IRRITANT. MAY PRODUCE REVERSIBLE LIVER CHANGES.|CASES OF CONTACT DERMATITIS DUE TO ADDITIVES IN ANIMAL FEED SUBSTANCES ARE DESCRIBED OCCURRING IN ANIMAL FEED WORKERS. THERE ARE 2 CASES OF SENSITIVITY TO ETHOXYQUIN.

1,2-Dihydro-6-Ethoxy-2,2,4-Trimethylquinoline

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 055501; Trade Names: Stop-scald.|Emulsifiable concentrate

Quinoline, 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-, homopolymer: INACTIVE|XU - indicates a substance exempt from reporting under the Chemical Data Reporting Rule, (40 CFR 711).|Quinoline, 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-: ACTIVE|2,4-DIMETHYL-6-ETHOXYQUINOLINE, A REACTION PRODUCT OF ETHOXYQUIN, OCCURS IN COMMERCIAL FEEDS & COULD INTERFERE IN ANALYSIS OF MIXED COMMERCIAL FEEDS FOR AFLATOXIN.|THE USE OF ETHOXYQUIN AS FEED ADDITIVE MAY AGGRAVATE POTENTIAL MYCOTOXIN HAZARDS IN CONTAMINATED FEEDSTUFFS BY ALTERING THE TYPE & QUANTITY OF AFLATOXIN PRODUCED.|/ Stop Scald /trade name / discontinued

METHOD OF CHOICE IS FLUORESCENCE ASSAY WITH ISOOCTANE SOLVENT, APPLICABLE TO MILK & TISSUE; EXCITATION WAVELENGTH APPROX 365 NM WITH BLUE FLUORESCENCE. /FROM TABLE/|ETHOXYQUIN WAS DETECTED IN APPLE EXTRACTS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHY ON A SPHERISORB 10 ODS COLUMN USING 20:80 WATER-METHANOL AS MOBILE PHASE & A FLUORIMETRIC DETECTOR. ETHOXYQUIN RECOVERY FROM SAMPLES SPIKED WITH 0.1-1.0 MG ETHOXYQUIN/KG RANGED FROM 97.6-98.8% & DETECTION LIMIT WAS APPROX 0.05 MG/KG.|A RAPID & SIMPLE METHOD WAS DEVELOPED FOR THE NONDESTRUCTIVE DISTINCTION BETWEEN AFLATOXIN B1 & ETHOXYQUIN. THEY EXHIBIT SIMILAR RF VALUES IN CERTAIN SOLVENT SYSTEMS & PRODUCE SIMILAR BLUISH FLUORESCENCE UNDER LONG UV (366 NM) RADIATION. THE METHOD INVOLVES THE IN SITU GENERATION OF FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA OF THE RESPECTIVE TLC SPOTS. SINCE IT IS NONDESTRUCTIVE, THE METHOD AFFORDS ANCILLARY STUDY OF THE SEPARATED AFLATOXINS.|Ethoxyquin extracted from paprika & chromatographed on a Dupont Zorbax ODS column with ammonium acetate/acetonitrile as mobile phase is quantitated using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer with detector set at 254 nm.

Agrochemicals -> Plant Growth Regulators|Pharmaceuticals -> Animal Drugs -> Approved in Taiwan