Carrageenan

551.8

550.084229

232-524-2

DTXSID3020255

YELLOWISH TO COLORLESS, COARSE TO FINE POWDER; MUCILAGINOUS TEXTURE|White to beige powder

13023911

195

OtherSolid

Soluble in hot water; insoluble in alcohol for a 1,5 % dilution

Carrageenan is a stable, though hygroscopic, polysaccharide and should be stored in a cool, dry place.
Carrageenan in solution has maximum stability at pH 9 and should not be heat processed at pH values below 3.5. Acid and oxidizing agents may hydrolyze carrageenan in solution leading to loss of physical properties through cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Acid hydrolysis depends on pH, temperature and time. The acid hydrolysis takes place only when the carrageenan is dissolved, and the hydrol

STRONGLY CHARGED ANIONIC POLYELECTROLYTE OF LARGE SIZE|REGARDED AS CONTAINING 2 MAJOR FRACTIONS, GELLING FRACTION, KAPPA-CARRAGEENAN & NON-GELLING, LAMBDA-CARRAGEENAN|PLANT SOURCE, MOLECULAR WEIGHT & PRESENCE OF METALLIC IONS AFFECT VISCOSITY|COMPOSED OF RESIDUES OF D-GALACTOSE & 3,6-ANHYDRO-D-GALACTOSE, MOLAR RATIO 1.11-1.5 TO 1 /KAPPA-CARRAGEENAN/|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for CARRAGEENAN GUM (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NONH for all modes of transport

2

FI0700000

SOLUTIONS & GELS FAIRLY STABLE OVER WIDE PH RANGE @ ROOM TEMP OR LOWER; RAPIDLY DEGRADED @ LOW PH & HIGH TEMP

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Carrageenan is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.|Carrageenan with polysorbate 80 is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient. /Carrageenan with polysorbate 80/|Salts of carrageenan is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient. /Salts of carrageenan/|Chondrus extract (carrageenin) is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.|Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

COLLINS TFX; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARRAGEENAN: A BIBLIOGRAPHY, FDA BY-LINES, 8 (MAR): 221 (1978). THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARRAGEENAN ARE REVIEWED.|ROCH-ARVEILLER M, GIROUD JP; BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARRAGEENAN; PATHOL BIOL 27 (10): 615 (1979). THE BIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF CARRAGEENAN ARE REVIEWED.|DAMAS J; THE ROLE OF PLATELETS IN THE HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF CARRAGEENANS IN THE RAT; ARCH INT PHARMACODYN THER 242 (2): 298 (1979). THE HYPOTENSIVE EFFECTS OF CARRAGEENAN ARE REVIEWED.|THOMSON AW ET AL; IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY OF THE MACROPHAGE-TOXIC AGENT CARRAGEENAN; INT J IMMUNOPHARMACOL 1 (4): 247 (1979). THE IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY OF CARRAGEENAN IS REVIEWED.|For more Special Reports (Complete) data for CARRAGEENAN GUM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

|Warning|H319 (50%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P201, P202, P264, P280, P281, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P337+P313, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 348 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Daily subconjuctival injections or application of oily drops of thiotepa is reported to delay vascularization of /guinea pig corneas treated with carrageenin/ ... but not to prevent it.|IN RATS PRETREATED WITH INDOMETHACIN, INJECTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 WITH CARRAGEENAN POTENTIATED CARRAGEENAN PAW EDEMA. THIS EFFECT OF PGE1 WAS MAXIMAL WHEN IT WAS INJECTED WITH CARRAGEENAN.|CARRAGEENAN INHIBITED IN VITRO RISTOCETIN-INDUCED HUMAN BLOOD PLATELET AGGREGATION.|256 WISTAR RATS RECEIVED A SINGLE INJECTION INTO THE RIGHT PLEURAL CAVITY OF UICC CROCIDOLITE TO INDUCE MESOTHELIOMAS. THEY WERE THEN GIVEN RIGHT INTRAPLEURAL INJECTIONS OF CARRAGEENAN. THERE WAS A 3-FOLD INCREASE IN MESOTHELIOMA INCIDENCE IN THE GROUP INJECTED WITH CARRAGEENAN.

LDL0 Guinea pig iv 20 mg/kg

Traditional Medicine: ... Used in tuberculosis, coughs, bronchitis, and intestinal problems, usually in the form of a decoction of the seaweed.|Carrageenan, both in the degraded (molecular weight greater than or equal to 20,000) and undegraded forms, has been reported to alleviate peptic and duodenal ulcers in humans.

IN GUINEA-PIGS, NATIVE FORM OF CARRAGEENAN WAS NOT ABSORBED; DEGRADED CARRAGEENAN COULD NOT BE DETECTED IN URINE OF ANIMALS @ LEVELS OF ABOUT 0.3 MG/ML AFTER 1.85 G HAD BEEN ADMIN IN DRINKING-WATER OR @ LEVELS OF BETWEEN 0.03-0.3 MG/ML WHEN 4-15 MG/KG BODY WT OF DEGRADED CARRAGEENAN HAD BEEN ADMIN IV.|NATIVE CARRAGEENAN FED TO YOUNG RATS @ LEVELS OF 2-20% IN DIET WAS FOUND TO BE EXCRETED QUANTITATIVELY IN FECES.|NO STORAGE OF CARRAGEENAN WAS FOUND IN RHESUS MONKEYS GIVEN 1% NATIVE CARRAGEENAN IN DRINKING-WATER OVER 7-11 WEEKS, FOLLOWED BY 24-WK RECOVERY PERIOD. IN CONTRAST, DEGRADED CARRAGEENAN, WHICH WAS RETAINED AFTER ABSORPTION IN RETICULOENDOTHELIAL TISSUE, COULD STILL BE FOUND IN KUPFFER CELLS 6 MONTHS AFTER ADMIN.

Carrageen has inhibitory effects on pepsin activity in vitro. Its degraded form (no viscosity) and forms with low and high viscosities all exhibit antiproteolytic activities in vitro against papain.

ADDN OF CARRAGEENAN TO PLATELET-RICH PLASMA CAUSED 2-PHASE AGGREGATION. AT CONCN @ WHICH PLATELET AGGREGATION OCCURRED, CARRAGEENANS WERE ANTICOAGULANT WHEN EXAMINED IN PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME ASSAYS.|CARRAGEENAN PROLONGED CLOTTING TIME IN PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (PTT) ASSAYS, INHIBITED AMIDOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF THROMBIN, & WAS WITHOUT EFFECT ON ACTIVATED BLOOD-COAGULATION FACTOR X-CATALYZED AMIDOLYSIS.|... Oral doses in man have induced no reported toxic reactions more serious than watery diarrhea.

Carrageenan

APPROXIMATELY 80% AS A GELLING AGENT, VISCOSITY BUILDER, & EMULSIFYING AGENT IN FOODS, PARTICULARLY DAIRY PRODUCTS; APPROXIMATELY 20% IN PHARMACEUTICAL & COSMETIC FORMULATIONS (1973)

Forms: dehydrated, purified powder; Grades: technical; FCC.|...three main types: kappa, iota, and lambda...|The kappa and gamma structural families are identified based on position of sulfate and the presence/absence of anhydrogalactose.

Carrageenan: ACTIVE|XU - indicates a substance exempt from reporting under the Chemical Data Reporting Rule, (40 CFR 711).|...CHONDRUS CRISPUS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE IN US, & CHONDRUS & GIGARTINA IN EUROPE.|IN US THE MAJOR SOURCES OF SEAWEED FOR CARRAGEENAN PRODUCTION ARE COASTS OF MAINE, MASSACHUSETTS, & MARITIME PROVINCE OF CANADA. IRELAND, FRANCE & NORWAY SUPPLY MOST OF WEED USED BY EUROPEAN PRODUCERS.|IOTA-CARRAGEENAN IS THE MAJOR COMPONENT OF EXTRACTS OF EUCHEMA COTTONII & EUCHEMA SPINOSUM. /IOTA-CARRAGEENAN/|...CARRAGEENAN FROM EUCHEUMA SPINOSUM CANNOT BE FRACTIONATED WITH POTASSIUM IONS. THE STRUCTURE OF THIS TYPE...HAS BEEN DESIGNATED AS IOTA-CARRAGEENAN. /IOTA-CARRAGEENAN/|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for CARRAGEENAN GUM (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/IN MILK PRODUCTS/...DIGESTION OF ISOLATED FRAGMENT & ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATE MOIETY BY PHENOL-SULFURIC ACID METHOD, OR METHANOLYSIS & TRIMETHYLSILYLATION... GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PEAK OF 2,4,5-TRI-O-METHYLSILYL-3,6-ANHYDROGALACTOSEDIMETHYLACETAL. /SCHMOLCK, W & E MERGENTHALER, Z LEBENSMITTEL UNTERSUCH, 152, 263-273 (1973)/|SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS SPECIFIC FOR SULFATE PART OF KAPPA- & IOTA-CARRAGEENAN MOLECULES ENTAIL REACTION WITH BARIUM CHLORANILATE OR WITH O-TOLIDINE & SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE. /KAPPA- & IOTA-CARRAGEENAN/|Typical tests to demonstrate the presence of carrageenan are the formation of a blue coagulate with methylene blue, positive sulfate reaction after acid hydrolysis, and the formation of much stronger gels by the addition of potassium chloride.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives|Food Additives -> EMULSIFIER; GELLING_AGENT; STABILIZER; THICKENER; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Binding; Emulsion stabilizing; Gel forming; Viscosity controlling

Food Additives -> EMULSIFIER; GELLING_AGENT; STABILIZER; THICKENER;