Bromoethene

106.94900

106.95

209-800-6

83NRW59KFY

0597

1085

DTXSID8021432

Gas under normal atmospheric conditions, colorless liquid under pressure|Colorless gas or liquid (below 60 degrees F) [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas with 0.1% phenol added to prevent polymerization].

29033990

0

1.52480

Boiling point 60°F. Liquid at low ambient temperatures. Specific gravity 1.51. A suspected carcinogen. Under exposure to fire or heat containers may rupture violently and rocket.

1.4933 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-137.8 °C

15.8 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

1 °F

n20/D 1.410

insoluble

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should

1551 mm Hg ( 37.8 °C)

3.79

Flammable Gas

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 9-15

Characteristic pungent odor

6.81e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

Liquid molar volume = 0.0702 cu meter/kmol|Heat of fusion = 78.2 kJ/mol @ 25 °C (gas)|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 6.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C

Highly flammable, with air forms peroxides

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

VINYL BROMIDE is a light sensitive, peroxidizable monomer may initiate exothermic polymerization of the bulk material [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980.. p. 958]. It will react violently with oxidants.

882 °F (NTP, 1992)|530 °C, 986 °F|530 °C

-1294.1 kJ/mol @ 25 °C (gas)

9.80 eV

Lower Flammable limit: 9% by vol, higher flammable limit: 15% by vol|Flammable Gas

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

22.60 kJ/mol @ 25 °C

Critical temperature 463.51 K; critical pressure: 6860 kPa

2.1

UN 1993 3/PG 1

3

R45;R12

S53-S9-S16-S29-S33-S45

KU8400000

F+:Highlyflammable;T:Toxic;

Fireproof. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from oxidants. Store only if stabilized.

Stable, but may polymerize in sunlight. Reacts violently with all types of oxidizer. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, peroxides, copper, copper alloys, plastics. Highly flammable.

P201-P210-P280-P308 + P313-P370 + P378-P403 + P235

H225-H302-H319-H335-H350

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Spillage Disposal: Evacuate area and allow to evaporate.|Waste Disposal: Send unopened labeled container for recycling or disposal by burning. Dissolve the compound in a flammable solvent and spray into furnace with afterburner and scrubber.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for VINYL BROMIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Reacts violently with oxidants ... .|Strong oxidizers [Note: May polymerize in sunlight.]

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Vinyl Bromide (593-60-2) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s185viny.pdf]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116P [Gases - Flammable (Unstable)]: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Silane (UN2203) will ignite spontaneously in air. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)|Highly flammable. Gas/air mixtures are explosive.|Carcinogens, Flammable - 4th degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P201, P202, P210, P281, P308+P313, P377, P381, P403, P405, and P501|H220 (37.62%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P201, P202, P210, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P377, P381, P403, P405, P410+P403, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 311 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P337+P313, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116P [Gases - Flammable (Unstable)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116P [Gases - Flammable (Unstable)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: If chemical is in liquid form, wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: If chemical is in liquid form, wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: If the chemical is in liquid form, the worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Liquid/|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Liquid/|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.|(See protection codes)

A VERY DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME.|Highly flammable

... With high energy ignition source the explosive limits are 9 to 15 percent by vol in air.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 9-15

TO FIGHT FIRE, USE /CARBON DIOXIDE/, DRY CHEMICAL, OR WATER SPRAY.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.|Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for VINYL BROMIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. ... Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Vinyl bromide, inhibited; Vinyl bromide, stabilized/|/GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. /Vinyl bromide, inhibited; Vinyl bromide, stabilized/|/GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. /Vinyl bromide, inhibited; Vinyl bromide, stabilized/|/GUIDE 116P: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Vinyl bromide, inhibited; Vinyl bromide, stabilized/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for VINYL BROMIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

The liquid irritates the eyes and may irritate the skin by its defatting action.

NIOSH considers vinyl bromide to be a potential occupational carcinogen.|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Remove fumes with fine water spray. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Fireproof. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from oxidants. Store only if stabilized.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Cold-insulating gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Vinyl bromide is included on this list.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.| 4 - Materials that rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperature or that are readily dispersed in air and burn readily.

Workers may be occupationally exposed to vinyl bromide via inhalation during its manufacture or use. Acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) studies indicate that the liver is the primary target organ following inhalation exposure to vinyl bromide in humans and animals. In high concentrations, vinyl bromide may produce dizziness, disorientation, and sleepiness in humans. Acute exposure of rats to very high concentrations via inhalation has showed liver and kidney damage and neurological effects. Chronic inhalation exposure primarily damages the liver, causing foci in the liver of rats. Vinyl bromide has been shown to be a potent carcinogen in rats exposed by inhalation, producing liver angiosarcomas. EPA has classified vinyl bromide as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Vinyl bromide was analyzed for, but not found in automobile exhaust (detection limit 0.05 mg/cu m)(1). Vinyl bromide was not detected in any liquid or sludge sample at any of the 37 water pollution control plants analyzed above the following detection limits: 60, 3, and 60 ug/l for raw sewage, effluent, and liquid sludge samples, respectively(2).

In September of 1976, vinyl bromide was qualitatively identified in ambient air surrounding Great Lakes Corp in El Dorado, AR(1). A study in May of 1977 qualitatively identified vinyl bromide in ambient air surrounding Ethyl Corp. in Magnolia, AR(1).

LD50 Rat oral (50% soln in corn oil) 500 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (male) oral 500 mg/kg

Vinyl bromide was detected in fumaroles and lava gas from four volcanos (Kuju, Japan; Satsuma-Iwojima, Japan; Etna, Italy; Vulcano, Italy)(1).

Vinyl bromide's production and use as a flame retardant for acrylic fiber(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Vinyl bromide may form in air as a degradation product of 1,2-dibromoethane(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that vinyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of vinyl bromide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of vinyl bromide from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 1,030 mm Hg(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that vinyl bromide is expected to adsorb slightly to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.1 hrs and 4.1 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), vinyl bromide, which has a vapor pressure of 1,030 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in the gas phase(SRC). Gas-phase vinyl bromide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is 2.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of vinyl bromide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 6.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Vinyl bromide is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for vinyl bromide(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.57(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of vinyl bromide is estimated as 170(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.57(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that vinyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for vinyl bromide is estimated as 1.4X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that vinyl bromide is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.1 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.1 days(SRC). Vinyl bromide's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of vinyl bromide from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1,030 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,821 workers are potentially exposed to vinyl bromide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to vinyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where vinyl bromide is produced or used(SRC). During a NIOSH walk-through survey of a manufacturer of vinyl bromide, vinyl bromide concns for 8-hr time weighted average (TWA) samples, unless indicated otherwise: plant operator (4 samples), 0.1-0.4 ppm; lab technician (2 samples), 0.3-0.5 ppm; loading crewman (1 sample) 1.2 ppm; loading crewman, 1 hour sample (1 sample), 6.3 ppm(2). Populations living near active volcanoes may be exposed to vinyl bromide via inhalation due to the natural occurrence of vinyl bromide in volcanic gases(3).

IN SUBACUTE INHALATION STUDIES, RATS WERE EXPOSED TO 44 G/CU M (10,000 PPM) VINYL BROMIDE IN AIR 7 HR/DAY ON 5 DAYS A WK FOR 4 WK; OR RATS, RABBITS & MONKEYS WERE EXPOSED TO 1.1 OR 2.2 G/CU M (250 OR 500 PPM) VINYL BROMIDE FOR 6 HR A DAY ON 5 DAYS A WK FOR 6 MO. ... NON-VOLATILE BROMIDE LEVELS IN BLOOD INCR WITH DURATION OF EXPOSURE IN ALL THREE SPECIES & WERE PROPORTIONAL TO CONCN OF VINYL BROMIDE INHALED.|INHALATION PHARMACOKINETICS OF THE HALOGENATED ETHYLENES VINYL FLUORIDE, VINYL BROMIDE, PERCHLORETHYLENE (PER) AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE (TRI) WERE COMPARATIVELY STUDIED IN RATS. CMPD WITH LOW BOILING POINTS ARE ENRICHED IN TISSUES LESS THAN THOSE WITH HIGHER BOILING POINTS & VICE-VERSA.|Comparative pharamacokinetics of vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, vinyl chloride ... & vinyl bromide were studied by inhalation in rats. Metabolic elimination of halogenated ethylenes was a saturable dose-dependent process. If animals were exposed to atmospheric concn of halogenated ethylene, which exceeded saturation, elimination was determined by a zero-order law. In contrast, below saturation, first-order kinetics was obtained.|Vinyl bromide is readily absorbed upon inhalation by rats and showed an 11-fold accumulation within the rats compared with the concentration in gaseous phase. Metabolism is saturable at exposure concentrations greater than 250 mg/cu m. Following inhalation in vinyl bromide by rats, rabbits, and monkeys, plasma levels of nonvolatile bromide increased with exposure duration, and more rapidly in phenobarbital-pretreated rats.|The US EPA calculated a permeability coefficient of 5.5X10(-3) cm/hr for vinyl bromide through human skin. Comparable calculations for vinyl chloride gave a value of 7.3X10(-3) cm/hr.

WHEN MIXTURE OF VINYL BROMIDE IN AIR WAS PASSED THROUGH MOUSE-LIVER MICROSOMAL SYSTEM, A VOLATILE ALKYLATING METABOLITE WAS FORMED, AS DEMONSTRATED BY TRAPPING WITH 4-(4-NITROBENZYL)PYRIDINE.|Results of experiments in vitro indicate that the primary metabolite formed by mixed-function oxidases from vinyl bromide is 2-bromoethylene oxide, while the rearrangement product of the latter, 2-bromoacetaldehyde, might be the major alkylating agent bound to protein. Irreversible protein binding of metabolites of 1,2-(14)C-vinyl bromide has been established both with rat-liver microsomes in vitro & in rats in vivo.|Vinyl bromide is metabolized, since bromide ion is found in the blood of exposed animals. ... Metabolism is expected to be similar to that of vinyl chloride, probably proceeding through epoxidation, with subsequent conjugation to macromolecules and other biologic compounds.|The first step in biotransformation of ... vinyl bromide ... has been proposed to involve microsomal oxidation leading to epoxide formation across the double bond. ... /It has been/ suggested that the resulting oxiranes are highly reactive and therefore can covalently bind to nucleic acids with the eventual end result of mutations and cancer.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for VINYL BROMIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Simple epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin and glycidol are mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that are important industrial chemicals. Mutagenic and carcinogenic epoxides can also be formed metabolically from Industrially important compounds such as alkenes (ethylene, butadiene, propylene and styrene), vinyl halides (vinyl chloride and vinyl bromide) and other vinyl monomers (acrylonitrile and acrylamide). Simple epoxides react with nucleosides and DNA predominantly by the SN2 mechanism at the most nucleophilic sites (ring nitrogens) in DNA to form 2-hydroxy-2-alkyl adducts. The major hydroxyalkyl adducts that form at N7 of deoxyguanosine and N3 of deoxyadenosine are chemically unstable owing to the presence of a charged quaternary nitrogen at the site of alkylation, and they depurinate spontaneously to remove the charge, forming potentially mutagenic abasic sites. Hydroxyalkylation at N1 of deoxyadenosine and N3 of deoxycytidine also results in the production of charged, unstable species because the pKa increases dramatically after alkylation. The charge can be lost from these adducts by the formation of cyclic adducts, which occurs when there is a good leaving group on the hydroxyalkyl side-chain. Most simple epoxides remove the charge on hydroxyalkyl adducts at N1 of deoxyadenosine and N3 of deoxyxytidine by competitive rearrangements, such as hydrolytic deamination, to form 1-hydroxyalkyl-deoxyinosine and 3-hydroxyalkyl-deoxyuridine adducts and Dimroth rearrangement to form N6-hydroxyalkyl-deoxyadenosine adducts. These rearrangements are facilitated intramolecularly by the formation of cyclic intermediates, with the participation of the hydroxyl group of the hydroxyalkyl side-chain. These adducts are uncharged, stable and potentially mutagenic and are likely to contribute to the biological activity of simple epoxides.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116P [Gases - Flammable (Unstable)]: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. (ERG, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: CAUTION: Exposure of skin to compressed gases may result in freezing of the skin. Treatment for frostbite may be necessary. Remove the victim from the source of contamination. IMMEDIATELY wash affected areas gently with COLD water (and soap, if necessary) while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Dry carefully with clean, soft towels. Call a hospital or poison control center IMMEDIATELY even if no symptoms (such as inflammation or irritation) develop. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected area if advised to do so by a physician. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: This compound is a gas, therefore inhalation is the first route of exposure. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/

In high concn, vinyl bromide may produce dizziness, disorientation, & sleepiness in humans.|Inhalation of vapor in high concn may produce dizziness and ... /CNS depression/. The liquid irritates the eyes and may irritate the skin by its defatting action; it is assumed to be harmful if taken by mouth.

vinyl bromide

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation, ingestion (liquid), skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin; dizziness, confusion, incoordination, narcosis, nausea, vomiting; liquid: frostbite; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Dizziness. Incoordination. Lethargy. Nausea. Vomiting.

Redness. ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, central nervous system, liver

VINYL BROMIDE CONTENT 99.8 WT% MIN, MEHQ (METHYL ETHYL HYDROQUINONE) AS INHIBITOR - 175-225 PPM|WATER, 100 PPM MAX.; NON-VOLATILE MATTER, (INCLUDING INHIBITOR) 500 PPM MAX /POLYMERIZATION GRADE/

Ethene, bromo-: ACTIVE|VINYL BROMIDE HAS BEEN USED TO PREPARE POLYVINYL BROMIDE, BUT THE POLYMER IS UNSTABLE EVEN @ ROOM TEMP & ... OF LITTLE COMMERCIAL SIGNIFICANCE.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE FOR AIR POLLUTANTS INCL VINYL BROMIDE HAS BEEN EVALUATED USING DIFFERENT GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PACKINGS. THE CMPD ARE DESORBED THERMALLY AND ANALYZED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY USING FLAME-IONIZATION DETECTION. THE LIMIT OF DETECTION 4.4 UG/CU M (1 PPB).|VINYL BROMIDE /AS IMPURITY/ IN COMMERCIAL VINYL CHLORIDE CAN BE DETERMINED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY & FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION, WITH A LIMIT OF DETECTION OF SEVERAL PPM OR COLLECTED BY PREPARATIVE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY & IDENTIFIED BY INFRA-RED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY & MASS SPECTROMETRY, ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS & MEASUREMENT OF ITS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.|Matrix: Air. Analyte: Vinyl bromide. Sample prepn: Adsorb (Tenax-GC); desorb (heat), purge (helium), trap (liquid nitrogen cooled nickel capillary); vaporize (heat) directly onto capillary gas chromatography column. Assay procedure: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Limit of detection of 250 mg/cu m. /From table/|NIOSH Method 1009. Analyte: Vinyl bromide. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Gas chromatography, flame ionization detector. For vinyl bromide, the method estimated detection limit is not determined/sample. The precision/RSD is 0.040 and the recovery is not given. Applicability: For 6 liter samples, 0.3 ppm is lowest concn providing analytical precision 0.040 < 0.1. For 10 liter sample collected at high temperature and humidity, upper concn limit is 30 ppm. Interferences: Volatile compounds.|OSHA Method #08. "Vinyl Bromide". Matrix: Air. Collection of charcoal with desorption with carbon disulfide. Gas chromatographic analysis with FID detection. Detection limit = 0.2 ppm.

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)|Fire Hazards -> Carcinogens, Flammable - 4th degree, Reactive - 1st degree