N,N′-Diacetylbenzidine

268.316

268.31

210-338-2

2EE5599GQS

1678

12409|4717

DTXSID9036854

NEEDLES FROM ACETIC ACID|WHITE NEEDLES

2924299090

58.2

1.97

WHITE CRYSTALS.

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

328.30 °C

562.9±43.0 °C at 760 mmHg

224.7±28.3 °C

1.638

Solubility in water: none

Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ) that bears appropriate label. An inventory should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired Facilities for dispensing should be contiguous to storage area.

mma-sat 5 mg/plate ENMUDM 6,145,84

20/21/22

S22;S26

DT2800000

Xn

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

CHANGE ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT, DUE TO PHOTOOXIDATION

P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P322, P330, P363, P405, P501

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Total destruction ... by incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable. ... Most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIACETYLBENZIDINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P322, P330, P363, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Warning|H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]|P201, P202, P260, P281, P308+P313, P314, P405, and P501

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide additional protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately. ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly. ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used. ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIACETYLBENZIDINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract.

The substance may have effects on the blood and kidneys. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin, anaemia and kidney impairment. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use closed system or ventilation.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles.

Processes in which dried dye is handled have the greatest potential for employee exposure during the manufacture or repackaging of benzidine-based dyes. ... During use of benzidine-based dyes, the greatest potential for exposure would be expected to be among dye-weighers who handle dry powders. /Benzidine-based dyes/

N,N'-DIACETYLBENZIDINE WAS A METABOLITE PRESENT IN THE URINE OF MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS FOLLOWING 4 IP INJECTIONS OF 50 MG 4,4'-DINITROBIPHENYL & OF MALE GUINEA-PIGS FOLLOWING 4 IP INJECTIONS OF 35 MG.|The average environmental exposure levels of four of the workers /in a dye manufacturing facility/ were 4.3, 5.2, 11.7, and 17.4 mg total particulate/cu m. The corresponding urinary concentrations of benzidine average 52, 11, 10, and 112 ppb, respectively /SRP: from the precursor during manufacturing/. /Benzidine-based dyes/|The major route of excretion in rats after a single oral admin of 0.5-50 mg/kg radiolabeled benzidine appeared to be via the feces ... . At the lowest dose studied, 74% of the radiolabel was excreted in the feces during the first 3 days after exposure, as opposed to only 17% in the urine. With incr dose the percentage of radiolabel excreted in the feces decr, while that in the urine incr. At the low and mid-level doses (0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg), the major radiolabeled cmpd were identified as 3-hydroxy-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine glucuronide (39 and 37%), N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (13 and 17%), N-hydroxy-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine glucuronide (4 and 5%), N-acetylbenzidine (3 and 4%), and free benzidine (2%). As the dose was incr (50 mg/kg), the percentage of N-hydroxy-N,N'-diacetylglucuronide incr substantially (to 24%), largely at the expense of N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (reduced to 4%). No radioactivity was detected in expired air.|Urinary excretion of benzidine and its metabolites was found to occur in humans during workshift exposure, which was determined to be primarily dermal, although inhalation may also have been a contributory route ... . Mean concn of urinary cmpd detected after exposure in the spring were: benzidine (0.28 mg/l), N-acetylbenzidine (0.27 mg/l), N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (0.52 mg/l), and conjugated 3-hydroxybenzidine (3.9 mg/l) ... . When determined during hot, humid weather, these values incr 1.5- to 5-fold, presumably due to enhanced dermal contact and subsequent absorption. Fecal excretion was not determined.

N,N'-DIACETYLBENZIDINE YIELDS N-HYDROXY-N,N'-DIACETYLBENZIDINE WHICH WAS HYDROXYLATED BY FORTIFIED LIVER MICROSOMES.|The metabolic N-oxidation, N-acetylation and N-deacetylation of the carcinogen benzidine and its N-acetylated metabolites were examined in vitro with rat and mouse liver subcellular fractions. N-acetylbenzidine and N,N-diacetylbenzidine was found to occur with NADPH-, NADH-fortified microsomes, although total oxidation at both nitrogens of N-acetylbenzidine was substantially faster than the N-oxidation of N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (four times for the mouse and 48 times for the rat). In both species, N-oxidation of N-acetylbenzidine to the arylhydroxylamine, N'-hydroxy-N-acetylbenzidine (N'-OH-ABZ), was somewhat faster than the formation of the arylhydroxamic acid, N-hydroxy-N-acetylbenzidine (N-OH-ABZ). N-Acetylation of benzidine and N-acetylbenzidine by liver cytosol was ... efficient for both species (0.7-2.9 nmol/min/mg cytosolic protein), and these rates were found to be 3-10 times faster than their corresponding rates of N-oxidation. N-Deacetylation of N-acetylbenzidine and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine by mouse liver microsomes occurred at a rate that was comparable with N-acetylation; while N-deacetylation by rat liver microsomes was relatively slow, only 1-2% of the rate of N-acetylation. In the case of N-hydroxylated derivatives, N-OH-N-acetylbenzidine and N'-OH-N"-acetylbenzidine hepatic cytosolic N-acetylation by both rats and mice to form N-OH-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine was quite rapid (0.5-1.9 nmol/min/mg cytosol protein). Hepatic microsomal deacetylation of N-OH-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine also occurred with both species and was 2-4 times the rate of N-acetylation. These studies indicate that a significant concentration of potentially electrophilic monoacetylated N-oxidized metabolites may accumulate within the liver cell, and that they may serve as intermediates in the synthesis of the highly toxic metabolite, N-OH-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine. A major metabolic pathway for the formation of N-OH-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine is proposed as: Benzidine-N-acetylbenzidine-N'OH-N-acetylbenzidine-N-OH-N,N'diacetylbenzidine. The activation of N-OH-N,N'diacetylbenzidine by cytosolic N,O-acyltransferase and N'-OH-N-acetylbenzidine by cytosolic sulfotransferase and O-acetyltransferase (acetyl CoA-dependent binding to DNA) were also examined. N-OH-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine N,O-acyltransferase and N'-OH-N-acetylbenzidine O-acetyltransferase were found to be significant pathways for rat and mouse liver, respectively. In addition, the DNA adduct formed from N-OH-N,N'-diacetylbenzidine in the presence of partially-purified rat hepatic N,O-acyltransferase was shown to be N'-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl) N-acetylbenzidine, which is identical to that formed in rat liver in vivo and in the direct|(14)C-labeled benzidine was incubated with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-98 or TA-98/1,8-DNP6 for up to 24 hours. ... Metabolites were studied by thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. Benzidine metabolized by TA-98 to two major products: N-acetylbenzidine and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine. Unidentified polar metabolites amounting to 8% of the total (14)C activity were also found. Incubation with TA-98/1,8-DNP6 did not produce N-acetylbenzidine or N,N'-diacetyl benzidine; however, the same polar metabolites as produced by TA-98 were observed. The sensitivity of TA-98/1,8-DNP6 to mutagenesis by benzidine, N-acetylbenzidine and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine was investigated with metabolic activation by hamster liver S9 mix. All three compounds showed mutagenic activity; however, ... TA-98/1,8-DNP6 was less sensitive than TA-98. Salmonella strain TA-98/1,8-DNP6 is deficient in this acetylation activity and resistant to benzidine mutagenesis. Endogenous bacterial metabolism may play a role in benzidine mutagenesis.|The azo reduction and acetylation in vitro and the mutagenic activation in vivo of three azo dyes were studied. In the presence of rat-liver 9000 g supernatant, benzidine was released from direct black 38 and direct brown 95, whereas hardly any benzidine was produced during incubation of direct blue 6. Incubation of benzidine with isolated rat hepatocytes resulted in the appearance of diacetylbenzidine. No diacetylbenzidine was formed during incubation of benzidine with rat-liver 9000 g supernatant unless ... acetyl coenzyme A was added to the incubation medium. Isolated rat hepatocytes were capable to produce diacetylbenzidine from direct black 38, direct blue 6 or direct brown 95 without supplementation with acetyl coenzyme A. ... Rat liver has a considerable capacity to reduce azo compounds. nevertheless, for some compounds, like direct black 38, extrahepatic enzymes, most likely present in the intestinal flora, may also play a substantial role in the azo cleavage.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIACETYLBENZIDINE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Carcinogens

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

N,N'-diacetylbenzidine

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough.

Redness.

Acetamide, N,N'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis-: ACTIVE|... HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED IN JAPAN FOR USE AS AN INTERMEDIATE IN MFR OF DIAMINOAZOBENZIDINE, RAW MATERIAL FOR AZO DYES; HOWEVER, THE PRODUCTION OF BENZIDINE & ITS DERIVATIVES HAS BEEN PROHIBITED IN JAPAN SINCE 1973.

HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS WAS CARRIED OUT ON A SERIES OF BIPHENYLS SUBSTITUTED @ POSITION 2-, 3-, 4-, 4,4'- & 3,4-.

METHODS FOR ANAL OF BENZIDINE OR ITS ACETYLATED METABOLITES IN URINE BY LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHY ARE DESCRIBED.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens