1-Eicosanol

298.54688

298.55

292-327-2

1QR1QRA9BU

120887

DTXSID0027272

White, wax-like solid|WAX FROM ALC AND CRYSTALS FROM CHLOROFORM

29051900

20.2

8.70 (est)

Liquid; OtherSolid; OtherSolid, Liquid; PelletsLargeCrystals, OtherSolid

0.8405 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

72.5-73.0 °C

369 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

141.6±5.2 °C

1.453

In water, 1.5X10-3 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)

<0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

7.4 (vs air)

Henry's Law constant = 9.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

A LONG-CHAIN SATURATED FATTY ALC, MUCH LIKE STEARYL ALC.|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.9X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

NONH for all modes of transport

-

S22-S24/25

P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P33, P313

H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

|Warning|H319 (80.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 448 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Eicosanol /causes/ slight skin and eye irritation. /From table/ /Mixed isomers/

Emission rates from wood smoke in mg/g of organic carbon were found to be 0.286 for red oak(1), 0.047 for balsam(1), 0.020 for yellow poplar(2), and 0.116 for mockernut hickory(2). 1-Eicosanol emission rates from wood smoke were calculated as 0.3 ug/g, 0.1 ug/g, and 1.0 ug/g from oak, eucalyptus and pine, respectively(3). 1-Docosanol emission rate from road dust samples was 2.1 ug/g(4).

SEDIMENT: 1-Eicosanol was reported as extractable concentrations of 73-84 ng/g and bonded concentrations of 53 to 74 ng/g in anoxic continental slope sediment off southwestern Taiwan(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-Eicosanol was found in California at atmospheric concentrations of 2.0 ng/cu m, and 2.1 ng/cu m in Bakersfield and Fresno, respectively(1).|RURAL/REMOTE: 1-Eicosanol was found in California at an atmospheric concentration of 0.2 ng/cu m in Kern Wildlife Refuge(1). 1-Eicosanol was measured in the Agrafa Mountains, Greece at 0.23-0.39 ng/cu m from July 27 to August 9, 1998(2).

The 1-docosanol emission rate from cigarettes was 2.2 ug/cigarette(1).

Long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, including 1-eicosanol, inhibit specific binding of (3)H-labeled ouabain to a particulate fraction from dog heart. The magnitude of inhibition increases with chain length, reaching a maximum with lauric acid, myristoleic acid, and decanol in a series of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and alcohols, respectively, followed by a decline with longer chain members of homologous series.|... None of these alcohols alone increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly, whereas CCl4 or CHCl3 administration to alcohol-treated animals resulted in significant elevation of plasma transaminases. Eicosanol (20-carbon alcohol) did not potentiate the toxicity of either halomethane. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and decanol in combination with CCl4 caused massive liver damage but failed to augment CCl4 lethality. t-Butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and octanol significantly decreased the LD50 of CCl4. The hepatotoxic effects of CHCl3 were potentiated by all of the alcohols and the LD50s were also decreased significantly. Alcohol-potentiated CHCl3 toxicity was greater than the toxicity of CCl4.|The present ... experiments were designed to test: (i) whether a single subtoxic dose of alcohol can potentiate /carbon tetrachloride/ CCl4 and /chloroform/ CHCl3 hepatoxicity, and (ii) whether this potentiation leads to greater animal lethality. Selected members of a homologous series of straight chain alcohols were chosen for this study. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, and eicosanol at equimolar doses (10 mmol/kg) were tested in the present investigation. Each alcohol was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats (175 to 250 g) 18 hr prior to a single oral administration of CCl4 or CHCl3. Liver injury was assessed by plasma transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and histopathological examination of liver sections 24 hr after the halomethane treatment. None of these alcohols alone increased plasma ALT or AST significantly, whereas CCl4 or CHCl3 administration to alcohol-treated animals resulted in significant elevation of plasma transaminases. Eicosanol (20-carbon alcohol) did not potentiate the toxicity of either halomethane. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and decanol in combination with CCl4 caused massive liver damage but failed to augment CCl4 lethality. t-Butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and octanol significantly decreased the LD50 of CCl4 .... On a comparative basis, alcohol-potentiated CHCl3 toxicity was greater than the toxicity of CCl4.

LD50 Rat oral greater than 10,000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral >64 mL/kg /From table/ /Mixed eicosanol isomers/|LD50 Rabbit dermal >20 mL/kg /From table/ /Mixed eicosanol isomers/

1-Eicosanol has been found in wood smoke from red oak(1), balsam(1), yellow poplar(2), mockernut hickory(2), eucalyptus(3) and pine(3). 1-Eicosanol emission rates from green leaf composite samples and dead leaves were 34 ug/g and 17 ug/g, respectively(4).

1-Eicosanol's production and use in lubricants, rubber, plastics and textiles(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1-Eicosanol has been identified in paved road dust and cigarette smoke(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.4X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-eicosanol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-eicosanol from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 1-Eicosanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.5X10-8 mm Hg(4). 1-Eicosanol is expected to biodegrade rapidly(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.4X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-eicosanol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces may be expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 7 days, respectively(SRC). However, adsorption to suspended solids is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 16 months if adsorption is considered(9). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 8.7(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1-Eicosanol is expected to biodegrade rapidly(8).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-eicosanol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.5X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-eicosanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1-eicosanol may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-eicosanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 13 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Eicosanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 10 was calculated for 1-eicosanol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 8.7(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-eicosanol can be estimated to be 4.4X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-eicosanol is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-eicosanol is estimated as 2.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-eicosanol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 16 months if adsorption is considered(3). 1-Eicosanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1-Eicosanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.5X10-8 mm Hg(3).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Eicosanol was identified, but not quantified, in water from Lakes Erie (eastern basin), St. Clair, Huron (northern basin), and Superior (western basin)(1).

Occupational exposure to 1-eicosanol may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-eicosanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-eicosanol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing 1-eicosanol. (SRC)

The lipids of the Gram-negative marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, cultivated in synthetic seawater on a single carbon source, acetate or n-icosane, were isolated, purified and their structures determined. Three different pools of lipids were isolated according to the sequential procedure used: "unbound" lipids extractable by solvents, lipids released under basic conditions ("ester bound") and lipids released by acid hydrolysis ("amide bound"). Even-carbon-numbered, n-fatty acids were identified in the "unbound" lipids of both the acetate and n-icosane cultures. In addition to these compounds, n-icosane induced the formation of n-icosan-1-ol and n-icos-11-en-1-ol, and also of a series of ß-hydroxy acids ranging from C12 to C20. In the "ester bound" lipids of the two cultures, short and long chain fatty acids were identified together with the ß-hydroxy C12:0 acid. This hydroxy acid was, by far, the major compound identified in the "amide bound" lipids of the two cultures. Comparison of the analytical data for the two cultures, and the differences in composition thus observed for the "unbound" pool, suggest the following metabolic pathway for n-icosane: hydroxylation to the C20 primary alcohol, transformation into the C20 ß-hydroxy acid and subsequent degradation into lower homologues. In sharp contrast, lipids from the "ester bound" and "amide bound" pools were quite unaffected by the change of nutrient. Lipids from Escherichia coli were also examined in the same manner. The results are discussed in terms of geochemical implications, relative to the presence of "unbound" ß-hydroxy acids in particulate matter and sediments.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Grade:Technical, 99%.|Trade names: ALFOL 20+ Alcohol; Cachalot Arachidyl Alcohol AR-20; Nacol 20-95; NACOL 20-95|Trade name mixtures: Covacrem LP; Covacrem MK; Macamat Wax; Micromac Wax; Montanov 202

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1-Eicosanol: ACTIVE

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Emollients|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty alcohols [FA05]|Cosmetics -> Emollient