Diethyl sulfate

154.185

154.18

200-589-6

K0FO4VFA7I

0570

56380

1594

DTXSID1024045

C44375

Colorless, oily liquid ... darkens with age

2920909090

60.98000

1.14

Diethyl sulfate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a peppermint odor. Burns, though may be difficult to ignite. Corrosive to metals and tissue. It is a potent alkylating agent. Flash point is 104° C (219° F) [Aldrich MSDS].

1.172 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

-25 °C

208 °C

78.3±0.0 °C

1.426

5 g/L (20 ºC)

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from bases, oxidizing materials, water and air.

<0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 5.3

LD50 orally in rats: 0.88 g/kg (Smyth)

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.8-12.2

Peppermint odor

1.80e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

Liquid slightly heavier than water.|Gradually decomp by water; rapidly decomp by hot water into monoethyl sulfate and alcohol|Wt/gal: 9.8 lb @ 20 °C|Hydrolysis rate constant: 1.15X10-4/sec at 25 °C; hydrolysis half-life = 1.7 hours at pH 7 and 298 K.|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C

Combustible. Slowly reacts with water to form ethyl alcohol, a flammable liquid, and ethyl sulfate, with eventual conversion to sulfuric acid.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Water-Reactive

The presence of moisture in a metal container of DIETHYL SULFATE caused the formation of sulfuric acid which reacts with the metal to release hydrogen which pressurized and exploded the container [Chem. Abst. 28:2908(1934)].

817 °F (USCG, 1999)|817 °F (436 °C)|360 °C

Noncorrosive

II

6.1

UN 1594 6.1/PG 2

3

R20/21/22;R34;R45;R46

S53-S45

WS7875000

T:Toxic;

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Moisture sensitive. May react violently with oxidizing agents.

P201-P260-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

H302 + H332-H311-H314-H340-H350

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIETHYLSULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

React violently with 3,8-dinitro-9-phenylphenanthridine plus water. Reaction with iron plus water forms explosive hydrogen gas.|... Can react with oxidizing materials. Moisture causes liberation of /sulfuric acid/. Violent reaction with potassium tert-butoxide.|The presence of moisture in a metal container of diethyl sulfate caused formation of sulfuric acid which reacted with the metal to release hydrogen which pressurized and exploded the container.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Diethyl sulfate (64-67-5) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s070diet.pdf]

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Highly toxic fumes contaning sulfur oxides may be generated along with thermal decomposition products such as ethyl ether and ethylene. Sulfuric acid may be produced in the presence of moisture. Behavior in Fire: It burns to yield highly, toxic sulfur oxides. Above 100°C, it undergoes thermal decomposition to yield ethyl ether, ethylene and sulfur oxides which may cause an explosion in closed containers or confined spaces. (USCG, 1999)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.|Carcinogens, Mutagens, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P405, and P501|H302 (99.78%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 448 companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame... .

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.8-12.2

Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/|Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool & disperse vapors, & protect personnel. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal. Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DIETHYLSULFATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DIETHYLSULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

...Intensely irritating... producing inflammation of the eyes and upper airway, vesication of skin.|Causes severe eye & skin burns.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans. May cause heritable genetic damage to human germ cells.

NO open flames. See Chemical Dangers.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Diethyl sulfate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.|Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Diethyl sulfate is included on this list.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate. No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of diethyl sulfate in humans. In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate. In one study, rats orally exposed to diethyl sulfate developed tumors in the forestomach. EPA has not classified diethyl sulfate with respect to potential carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

In 1989, total land releases of diethylsulfate in the US were estimated at approximately 114 kg and total air emissions were estimated as approximately 4 tons from 28 locations(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Diethylsulfate was qualitatively detected in the atmosphere of the Netherlands(1). In 1989, total air emissions of diethylsulfate in the U.S. were estimated at approximately 4 tons from 28 locations(2).

LD50 Rat oral 0.88 g/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 150 mg/kg body weight|LD50 Rat sc 350 mg/kg body weight|LD50 Rabbit percutaneous 600 mg/kg body weight|LD50 Mouse oral 647 mg/kg

/PLANTS/ Diethyl sulfate induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in pollen of petunia hybrida. It induced chromosomal aberrations in meiotic cells and chlorophyll mutations in rice, ring chromosomes in Allium sativum root tips and anaphase and telophase aberrations in Papaver somniferum root meristemic cells.

Diethylsulfate's production and use as an ethylating agent for a wide variety of organic functional groups(1-3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based upon the hydrolysis of diethylsulfate in aqueous environments(1), diethylsulfate is expected to hydrolyze in moist soils(SRC). Volatilization from soil surfaces and adsorption to soil are not expected to be important processes because of hydrolysis(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, diethylsulfate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly(SRC). A hydrolysis rate constant of 1.15X10-4/sec at 25 °C(1) translates to a half-life of 1.7 hours at pH 7(SRC). The rate of hydrolysis will increase in both acidic and basic waters as the reaction is catalyzed under these conditions(2). Volatilization from water surfaces, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems because of hydrolysis(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethylsulfate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.212 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethylsulfate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-lives for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Diethylsulfate also reacts rapidly with water in the atmosphere, with an estimated half-life of <1 day(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diethylsulfate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Experimental rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of diethylsulfate with ozone, <3.4X10-21 cu cm/mol-sec; ammonia, <1.4X10-21 cu cm/mol-sec; and water, <2.3X10-23 cu cm/mol-sec translate to atmospheric lifetimes of >12 yr, >9 yr, and <1 day, respectively(1). A measured hydrolysis rate constant of 1.15X10-4/sec for diethylsulfate in water at 25 °C(2) translates to a half-life of 1.7 hrs at pH 7(SRC). The reaction is catalyzed under both acidic and basic conditions forming sulfuric acid and free ethanol(3).

Based upon the rapid rate of hydrolysis for diethylsulfate in aqueous environments(1), bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low(SRC).

Based upon the rapid hydrolysis of diethylsulfate in aqueous environments(1), adsorption to soil and leaching are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC).

Based upon the rapid rate of hydrolysis for diethylsulfate in aqueous environments(1), volatilization from water and soil surfaces is not expected to be an important process(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,261 workers (164 of these are female) are potentially exposed to diethylsulfate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to diethylsulfate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethylsulfate is produced or used(SRC).

Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases. (See all compounds classified as Alkylating Agents.)|Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. (See all compounds classified as Mutagens.)

ETHYLMERCAPTURIC ACID WAS IDENTIFIED AS A URINARY METABOLITE OF SC, IP, OR ORAL DIETHYL SULFATE, ALSO ISOLATED FROM URINE WAS THE DICYCLOHEXYLAMMONIUM SALT IN 2.4% YIELD.|After male CFE albino rats were administered 1 ml of a 5% (v/v) solution of diethyl sulfate in arachis oil by gavage or by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection, ethylmercapturic acid and a sulfoxide were identified as metabolites.

May be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Inhalation causes nausea and vomiting. Causes burns to skin and eyes. Ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting abdominal pain and collapse. (USCG, 1999)

INHHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. EYES OR SKIN: Irrigate with running water for at least 15 min.; hold eyelids open if neccessary. Consult an ophthamologist immediately. Wash skin with soap and water. Speed in removing material from skin is of extreme importance. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Effects may be delayed; keep victim under observation. INGESTION: If victim is conscious, give victim two glasses of water and have victim induce vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary. For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport. Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal. Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination. /Sulfur and related compounds/|For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start an IV with D5W TKO. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema. Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium). For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation. /Sulfur and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful if absorbed through skin or inhaled. Symptoms of overexposure include coughing, wheezing, headache, nausea, & vomiting.|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ In a historical cohort study of process workers, chemical mechanics, and refinery workers at a factory manufacturing isopropyl alcohol and ethanol by the strong acid process, a process which produces high concns of diethyl sulfate, excess mortality from upper respiratory (laryngeal) cancer was found among process workers.

diethyl sulfate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, by ingestion and through the skin.

Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

GRADES: TECHNICAL|Diethyl sulfate is available as a technical grade product that contains 99.5% active ingredient or as a laboratory chemical with a purity of 95% to >98%.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester: ACTIVE|Method of purification: rectification in vacuo.|...Could be used as a mutagenic agent to produce a new variety of barley called Luther; however, no evidence was found that it is presently being used commercially for this purpose.

An analytical method for the determination of diethyl sulfate in air has been developed /using/ gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector.|Method: EPA-OSW 8270D, Semivolatile Organic Compounds by GC/MS; Analyte: diethylsulfate; Matrix: various (solid waste matrices, soils, air sampling media and water samples); Detection Level: 100 ug/L.

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)|Fire Hazards -> Carcinogens, Mutagens, Reactive - 1st degree