4-Methylaniline

107.15

107.15

471281

203-403-1

I1D0KL7I4U

0343

15350

3451|1708

DTXSID6021872

Lustrous plates or leaflets|White solid|Colorless leaflets

2921430090

26

1.39

tan to brown powder

1.046 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

44-45 °C

200.4 °C

192 °F

1.5636

H2O: 1.1 g/100 mL;soluble in ethanol, pyridine, diethyl ether, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, carbon disulfide, oils and dilute acids.

2-8°C

0.26 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

3.9 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 336 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 330 mg/kg

Open flame, high heat, oxidant is combustible; burning releases toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

6.6%

Aromatic, wine-like odor

Burning taste

2.02e-06 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 2.02X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

pKa = 5.10 at 25 °C (conjugate acid)

Heat of fusion: 18.9 kJ/mol at 43.6 °C|Combustible|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.3X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Very slightly soluble in water.

Amines, Aromatic

P-TOLUIDINE neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Can react vigorously with oxidizing reagents. Emits very toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition. Hypergolic reaction with red fuming nitric acid [Kit and Evered, 1960, p. 239, 242].

899 °F (USCG, 1999)|900 °F (482 °C)|480 °C

7.50 eV

Combustible Solid

As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

44.3 kJ/mol at 200.4 °C

Critical temperature = 667 K; critical pressure = 2.4 Mpa

II

6.1

UN 3451 6.1/PG 2

2

23/24/25-36-40-43-50

28-36/37-45-61-28A

XU3150000

T,N

Treasury is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and food additives

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.

P261-P280-P284-P301 + P310 + P330-P304 + P340 + P312-P342 + P311-P403 + P233

H301 + H311 + H331-H317-H319-H334-H351-H410

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U353, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Toluidine is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices. /Toluidine/|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for p-aminotoluene: concentration process: biological treatment.

Can react vigorously on contact with oxidizing materials.|Avoid contact with oxidizers, acids, and bases.|Aromatic amines (e.g., aniline or toluidine) in triethylamine solution are ignited rapidly by red fuming nitric acid at a temperature of minus 76 °C or lower. /Toluidine, nitric acid plus aniline/

European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, p-Toluidine (106-49-0) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of May 19, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]|Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for p-Toluidine, CAS #106-49-0 (October, 2005). This OECD Initial Assessment of HPV Chemicals is part of a series of OECD SIDS documents published by UNEP Chemicals to facilitate the access to information needed for health and environmental risk assessments of chemicals.[Available from, as of May 19, 2010: http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/sidspub.html]

UN 3451 6.1/PG 2

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and flammable vapors may form in fire. (USCG, 1999)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 87 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Danger|H301 (99.84%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 610 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P405, and P501|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P307+P311, P308+P313, P314, P321, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possbility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.|Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 4-Aminotoluene (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.

Lower explosive limit: 1.1% by volume; Upper explosive limit: 6.6% by volume|Above 86 °C explosive vapor/air mixtures may be formed.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.1-6.6

Use fine spray or fog to control fire by preventing its spread and absorbing some of its heat. Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Toluidines, liquid or solid/|Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Toluidines, liquid or solid/

Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.|Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 4-Aminotoluene (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Toluidines; Toluidines, liquid; Toluidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Toluidines; Toluidines, liquid; Toluidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Toluidines; Toluidines, liquid; Toluidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Toluidines; Toluidines, liquid; Toluidines, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 4-Aminotoluene (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

A severe skin and eye irritant.

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 2 ppm (9 mg/cu m), skin designation, is still enforced in some states.

NIOSH considers p-toluidine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. Keep in the dark. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Tumours have been detected in experimental animals but may not be relevant to humans.

NO open flames. Above 87 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Toluidines are produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Toluidines/

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

U353; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

U353; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when p-toluidine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, 4-aminotoluene was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (frequency of occurrence, median concentration in ppb): organic chemicals (12; 30.2)(1). The highest effluent concentration was 254 ppb in this industry(1). 3- and 4-Aminotoluene (combined) were detected in oil-shale retort waste waters at 5.2 mg/L(2).|4-Aminototluene may be formed during the combustion of plastics(1). Aromatic amines are emitted during the thermal degradation of polyurethane and could result from the use of polyurethane core binder materials in foundries, welding polyurethane foam insulated heat piping, producing polyurethane-coated wire, machining polyurethane materials, and fires(2). Laboratory studies show that about 3-4 and 10-20 mg of 4-aminotoluene per kg of core material are emitted from polyurethane foundry mold binders during aluminum and grey iron casting, respectively(2).

4-Aminotoluene is found in tobacco smoke(1).

highly toxic

LD50 Rat oral 656 mg/kg|LD50 Rat male sc 1012 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse oral 330 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 50 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 4-Aminotoluene (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

4-Aminotoluene's production and use in the manufacture of various dyes and other organic chemicals, and as a reagent for lignin, nitrite, chloroglucinol(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 79 to 508(2-4), indicate that 4-aminotoluene is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 4-aminotoluene is 5.10(5), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6). Volatilization of 4-aminotoluene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process for the neutral species(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.02X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(7). 4-Aminotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.286 mm Hg at 25 °C(8). 4-Aminotoluene reached 97.7% degradation in activated sludge in 5 days(9) and in another test complete degradation was obtained in 4 days with a soil inoculum(10). These results suggest that 4-aminotoluene will be readily biodegradable in the terrestrial environment. Additionally, aromatic amines undergo soil- and clay-catalyzed free radical oxidations, reactions that are facilitated by electron-donating groups such as the methyl group on 4-aminotoluene(11,12). They are also readily oxidized by metal ions that may occur in soil(13).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 79 to 508(2-4), indicate that 4-aminotoluene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is expected(5) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.02X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(5), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 and 140 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF of <1.3(8) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation results are contradictory, ranging from 0% Theoretical BOD in the Japanese MITI test(8) to 64% Theoretical BOD in activated sludge acclimated to aniline(9). 4-Aminotoluene reached 46% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using a benzene-substituted-polluted river water inoculum(10). Aromatic amines are readily oxidized by metal ions that may occur in natural waters(11).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-aminotoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.286 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-aminotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.02X10-6 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 4-Aminotoluene has UV absorption which extends beyond 290 nm(4), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-aminotoluene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.3X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4-Aminotoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 4-Aminotoluene has UV absorption which extends beyond 290 nm(3), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC), although photolysis was not observed by one investigator at 313 and 365 nm(4). Aromatic amines are sensitive to oxidation by air and undergo soil- and clay-catalyzed free radical oxidations, reactions that are facilitated by electron-donating groups such as the methyl group on 2-aminotoluene(5,6). They are also readily oxidized by metal ions that may occur in soil or natural waters(7). In four hours, 13-27% of aminotoluene (isomer unspecified) was oxidized after being mixed with 20 ppm of ferric ion(7).

A BCF of <1.3 was measured for 4-aminotoluene, using orange-red killifish (Oryzias latipes) which were exposed over an 8-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

79.43 L/kg|The mean Koc of 4-aminotoluene to 4 silt loam soils was 79 at a pH range of 6.1 to 7.5 where 4-aminotoluene is predominantly un-ionized(1). At lower pH, electrostatic forces should play a larger role. Three other soils had Koc values of 323, 496, and 508 where the pH was 4.0, 4.3, and 5.9, respectively(2). In this case appreciable concentrations of 4-aminotoluene would be present in both the neutral and protonated forms. The isotherms were linear and the adsorption constant was highly correlated with the clay content of the soil(2). The mean Koc of 4-aminotoluene in 3 soils (silt, silt loam, loam) was 141 over a pH range of 5.2 to 7.4(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that 4-aminotoluene is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of 4-aminotoluene is 5.10(5), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6). Aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(7,8), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).|The binding of 4-aminotoluene by 3 soils was studied by incubating soils amended with the aromatic amine and then sequentially extracting it with 60:40 (vol/ vol) ethylacetate:methanol, ammonium acetate and sodium hydroxide as a function of time. These extractants are increasingly more powerful extractants that initially remove weakly bound amines, then recover amines bound to soil colloids by electrostatic forces, and finally solubilize soil organic material. The procedure demonstrated the reversible nature of the interaction with montmorillonite and kaolinite clay(1). Binding to soil was shown to initially involve a rapid reversible equilibrium which may involve electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic bonding or irreversible imine linkages followed by covalent bonding of the amine to the soil organic matter through 1,4-nucleophilic addition and slow oxidation to nitrogen-substituted quinoid rings(1,3). Initially 68-73% of the amine was extractable with solvent and sodium hydroxide but this decreased to 46-52% by the end of the experiment indicating that the 4-aminotoluene was probably incorporated into the alkali-insoluble fraction of the soil(1). For 4-aminotoluene, binding is mainly to the fulvic acid fraction of the soil(1). These retention mechanisms may explain why 4-aminotoluene resist decomposition in soils(1). The oxidative coupling reaction may be enzymatically-mediated(2).|Tests performed on 31 compounds /including p-toluidine/ clearly demonstrate that the molecular connectivity model accurately predicts the soils sorption coefficients for the above classes of compounds.

The Henry's Law constant for 4-aminotoluene is 2.02X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that the neutral species of 4-aminotoluene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 19 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 140 days(SRC). 4-Aminotoluene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur for the neutral species(SRC). 4-Aminotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.286 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: 4-Aminotoluene was found in a shallow aquifer 205 m from the site of a former coal-tar distillation plant in St. Louis Park, MN at a concentration of 647 ppb(1). It was found in 3 samples of groundwater at the site of the Hoe Creek coal gasification project in northeastern WY, 15 mo after gasification was completed, but not in a nearby control well (detection limit 0.5 ppb)(2). The concentration of 2- and 4-aminotoluene, combined, in these wells ranged from 0.06 to 9.2 ppb(2).|SURFACE WATER: 56% of samples from the Rhine River in The Netherlands contained 4-aminotoluene, median 0.11 ppb, max 1.0 ppb(1). Two tributaries of the Rhine had mean and max concentrations of 0.07-0.08 ppb and 0.35-0.39 ppb, respectively, and frequencies of detection of 42 and 46%(1). 4-Aminotoluene was found in 11 out of 68 surface water samples collected in industrial and remote areas of Japan between 1974-1976 at an average concentration of 0.18 ppb(2).

In a German survey of primary and secondary amines in the human environment, no 4-aminotoluene was reported in samples of preserved vegetables, maize, salad, rhubarb, and apples, pickles, fish, cheese, bread, coffee, tea, cocoa, wine, malt, hops, barley, or animal feed(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 4-aminotoluene is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 428 workers (87 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 4-aminotoluene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 4-aminotoluene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4-aminotoluene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 4-aminotoluene via inhalation of tobacco smoke(SRC).|Levels of 2- and 4-aminotoluene, combined, in work areas of an iron and steel foundry ranged from 0.001-0.037 mg/cu m, 0.004-0.010 mg/cu m, mean(1). The range of values for an aluminum foundry was 0.05-0.77 mg/cu m(1). Aromatic amines are emitted during the thermal degradation of urethane used as binders in molds(1).

72 hr following oral application of labeled p-toluidine to 4 rats, radioactivity was detected in decreasing range: abdominal fat > liver > abdominal skin > kidney > whole blood > spleen > urinary bladder > lung > gastrointestinal tract > heart > bone marrow > muscle > brain > testes.|Groups of female Wistar rats (n = 8) received 0, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg bw/day p-toluidine together with protein-rich (24%) or ... protein-low (8%) diet over 6 or 12 months (160 mg/kg bw/day only), respectively ... At the end of the 6 months treatment time, p-toluidine content was dose-relatedly increased in blood and urine not only when given together with protein-rich diet but also when given with protein-low diet, although the respective values were lower. Additionally, prolongation of treatment time up to 12 months did not result in further increased p-toluidine content in blood and urine.|EFFECT OF DRUG PKA & GASTRIC PH ON ABSORPTION OF DRUGS FROM RAT STOMACH. FIVE ML OF A SOLN WAS PLACED IN STOMACH, WHICH WAS LIGATED @ BOTH ENDS, & DEG OF ABSORPTION MEASURED AFTER 1 HR. P-TOLUIDINE PKA 5.3% ABSORBED IN 1 HOUR: (0.1 N HYDROCHLORIC ACID): NONE; SODIUM BICARBONATE, PH 8: 47%. /FROM TABLE/|... READILY ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN, OR INHALED AS DUST, FUME OR VAPOR.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 4-Aminotoluene (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Metabolism of p-toluidine in 4 rats (500 mg/kg bw) proceeds through ring hydroxylation with subsequent conjugation. /Metabolites were identified as/ 2-amino-5-methylphenol (quantification not given) and unchanged p-toluidine (2.5 % of the dose in 24 hr urine).|The N-hydroxylation of p-toluidine which forms the nitroso derivative of the aromatic amine is paralleled by methemoglobin production in the cat.|p-Toluidine was N-acetylated by recombinant human NAT1 and polymorphic NAT2 acetyltransferases.|YIELDS P-AMINOBENZYL ALCOHOL IN RABBIT. YIELDS P-NITROSOTOLUENE IN DOG. YIELDS P-TOLUIDINE-N-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE IN RABBIT. /FROM TABLE/|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 4-Aminotoluene (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|P-Toluidine has known human metabolites that include 4'-Methylacetanilide.

Following oral application of 500 mg p-toluidine/kg bw to 4 rats (strain not given), peak blood level after 12 and 24 hr was observed. A half-life time of plasma elimination of 12 to 15 hr was derived; i.v. application to 4 dogs yielded a half-life time of plasma elimination of 1 hr.

The in vivo covalent binding of o- and p-toluidine to rat hepatic macromolecules was investigated to determine if a relationship exists between the degree of binding for each isomer and its carcinogenic potency. The ortho-isomer has been shown to be a more potent hepatocarcinogen than the para-isomer. In addition to the macromolecular binding, the tissue distribution of each isomer was also measured. The degree of binding to hepatic macromolecules appeared to be at maximum for both at 24-28 hr following dosing. At 24 hr following dosing, the level of DNA binding of o-toluene was approximately 1.2-fold lower than that of p-toluene. The binding to RNA and protein was also lower for o-toluene than p-toluene, although the differences were not as great as that observed for DNA binding. There were subtle differences in tissue distribution for each isomer. However, in contrast to the macromolecular binding data, the area under the plasma concentration curve for o-toluene was approximately 1.8-fold greater than that for p-toluene. Based on the results of these studies, there was no direct correlation between the degree of macromolecular binding and carcinogenic potency.

m-Toluidine < 0.5% w/w, o-Toluidine < 0.5% w/w, water 0.1 - 0.2% w/w

Absorption of toxic quantities by any route causes cyanosis (blue discoloration of lips, nails, skin); nausea, vomiting, and coma may follow. Repeated inhalation of low concentrations may cause pallor, low-grade secondary anemia, fatigability, and loss of appetite. Contact with eyes causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 58 dermatitis patients, known to be hypersensitive to p-phenylene diamine, were patch tested with 2% p-toluidine in yellow paraffin. 63.8% (37) of the patients showed positive reactions. The study is not assignable because only patients with dermatitis and already sensitized to p-phenylene diamine were included in the test.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ An exposure to 40 ppm (all isomers ... ) in the air for 60 min produced severe intoxication. Prolonged exposure to as little as 10 ppm was reported to cause symptoms of illness. /Toluidine/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: Blue lips or finger nails. Blue skin. Dizziness. Headache. Labored breathing. Shortness of breath. Weakness. Skin: May be absorbed. Redness. Blue lips or fingernails. Blue skin. Eyes: Redness. Pain. Ingestion: Blue lips or fingernails. Blue skin. Dizziness. Headache. Labored breathing ... The substance may have effects on the blood, resulting in formation of methemoglobin.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The compound forms methemoglobin, thus causing anoxia. It also causes hematuria. Its toxicity is similar to that of aniline.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 4-Aminotoluene (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

4-aminotoluene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin; dermatitis; hematuria (blood in the urine), methemoglobinemia; cyanosis, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, convulsions; anemia, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); [potential occupational carcinogen]

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Dizziness. Headache. Shortness of breath. Weakness. Convulsions. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, blood, cardiovascular system

In Western Europe the total demand of p-toluidine (5700 tons/yr) is exclusively used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. Its use pattern is well-known: for the production of different azo-pigments, quinacridone-pigments and paper dyes. 4100 tons/yr of p-toluidine are processed by multi-step synthesis followed by purification procedures. Therefore it can be assumed that the concentration of p-toluidine is negligible in these pigments. With respect to the chemical structure of those products, e.g. pigment red 57, pigment yellow 1, pigment red 3, pigment orange 34 and others, no p-toluidine can be released by metabolization. About 1000 tons/yr of p-toluidine is used as an intermediate for pesticides, e.g. for the insecticide Fipronil and the fungicide Tolylfluanid. These pesticides are covered by special legal regulations. Another group of valuable chemical intermediates with an amount of about 600 tons/yr is synthesized by substitution of the amino group of p-toluidine. The most important substances of this group are p-fluorotoluene, p-fluorobenz-aldehyde, p-fluorobenzylchloride and p-bromotoluene. Based on the substitution of the amino group no p-toluidine can be released by metabolism. For the end products, in all cases, the residues of p-toluidine are assumed to be negligible. No consumer use is known for p-toluidine.

Grades: Technical, flake, or cast.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Benzenamine, 4-methyl-: ACTIVE|Benzenamine, ar-methyl-: ACTIVE|Benzenamine, 4-methyl-, hydrochloride (1:1): INACTIVE|TOLUIDINE EXISTS IN 3 ISOMERIC FORMS BUT ONLY THE O- AND P-ISOMERS ARE OF INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE.

Method: OSHA 73; Procedure: gas chromatography using an electron capture detector; Analyte: p-toluidine; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.13 ppb (0.55 ug/cu m).|HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF QUINIZARIN, P-TOLUIDINE AND D AND C VIOLET NO 2 IN D AND C GREEN NO 6.|METHOD WAS DEVELOPED FOR P-TOLUIDINE IN AIR BASED ON THE REACTION WITH P-DIMETHYLAMINOBENZALDEHYDE.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree