2-Mercaptoethanol

78.13

78.13

773648

200-464-6

14R9K67URN

0916

3723

2966

DTXSID4026343

Water-white mobile liquid

29309070

21.2

-0.3 (estimated)

Clear colorless to slightly yellow liquid

1.1143 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-100 °C

157 °C

165 °F

1.479

H2O: 1 mL/mL

2-8°C

1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

2.69 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 244 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 190 mg/kg

Flammable; decomposes toxic sulfur oxide gas when heated

2.3-18%(V)

Strong disagreeable odor

9.72(at 25 °C)

Henry's Law constant = 1.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

9.72 (at 25 °C)|pKa = 9.72 at 25 °C (c = 0.00012 moles/L)

Heat ionization at 6.21 kcal mole|9.29 lb/gal at 20 °C|Freezing point: sets to a glass below -100 °C|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Organosulfides, such as THIOGLYCOL, are incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials generate heat and in many cases hydrogen gas. Many of these compounds may liberate hydrogen sulfide upon decomposition or reaction with an acid.

295 °C

II

6.1

UN 2966 6.1/PG 2

3

20/22-24-34-51/53-36/37/38-22-23/24/25-50/53-48/22-43-41-38

26-36/37/39-45-61-29-23-27-60

KL5600000

T,N

Treasury is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from oxidants and food

Mixed with air, can be exploded by heat and open flame

P261-P273-P280-P301 + P310-P302 + P350-P305 + P351 + P338

H301 + H331-H310-H315-H317-H318-H373-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Reacts with oxidants and metals.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. (ERG, 2016)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 74 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H301 (51.61%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 751 companies from 35 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P260, P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|/Wear/ protective gloves, protective clothing, face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Combustible|Above 74 °C explosive vapor/air mixtures may be formed.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 2.3-18

Alcohol foam|To fight fire use alcohol foam, CO2, or dry chemical.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.|/First aid/: Remove contaminated clothes, rinse skin with plenty of water or shower, refer for medical attention.|/If contacted with eyes/, first rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Irritating to eyes, nose and skin.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from oxidants, metals and food and feedstuffs. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

NO open flames. Above 74 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 2-mercaptoethanol stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact), exposure to this water-white liquid, with a strong disagreeable odor, may occur from its use as a solvent for dyestuffs and as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, flotation agents, biochemical reagents, insecticides, plasticizers, reducing agents, PVC stabilizers, and agricultural chemicals. Effects from exposure may include irritation of the eyes, nose, and skin, headache, dizziness, urinary disturbances, pulmonary edema, and respiratory distress or failure. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, and protective clothing. If contact should occur, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be removed at the site. While 2-mercaptoethanol does not ignite easily, it may burn with the production of poisonous gases. For fires involving this substance, extinguish withdry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, or regular foam. Small spills of this substance may be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and placed into containers for later disposal. Large spills should be diked far ahead of the spill for later disposal.

2-Mercaptoethanol and other thiol concentrations of less than 100 uM were detected in intertidal marine sediments from Biscayne Bay, FL(1); the presence of the thiols was attributed to protein degradation, where the protein source was marine algae and other higher plants(1).

highly toxic

Sulfhydryl agents, /including/ mercaptoethanol, increase non-specifically the potency of various agonists (acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, nicotine, bradykinin, prostaglandin E2) on the guinea pig ileum. These effects are of non-cholinergic origin and are not related to prostaglandin synthesis. Sulfydryl agents act directly on the smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig ileum most probably by reducing disulfide bonds located on the membrane surface and by this mechanism modulate the muscular contractile activity.|The negative inotropic effect produced by low concentration of mercaptoethanol on isolated frog heart was blocked by pretreatment with atropine.|2-Mercaptoethanol induced arteriosclerosis and endothelial cell cytotoxicity in baboons were inhibited by sulfinpyrazone.|... A reduction in SCE frequency was observed when cells were cultured with 20 microM 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME )and IL-2 compared to interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone. Three nuclear proteins, with relative molecular masses of approximately 13,000-18,000, 20,000, and 80,000, were phosphorylated in IL-2-exposed G1-phase nuclei. Elicitation of these nuclear proteins in IL-2-exposed cells was not affected by exposure to 2-ME.|...The effect of NaBu plus IL-2 was markedly augmented by 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), which showed a slight or null effect on the response of untreated, IL-2-treated or NaBu-treated B cells, as assessed by both anti-TNP plaque-forming cell assay and anti-TNP IgM ELISA. ... 2-ME enhanced the anti-TNP antibody production induced by other short-chain fatty acids with three to five carbon atoms plus IL-2. The proliferation of B cells was significantly inhibited by NaBu or NaBu plus IL-2, and the proliferation was completely restored by the simultaneous addition of 2-ME.

LD50 Mouse ip 200 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse iv 480 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 190 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat oral 244 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Mercaptoethanol has been identified as one of volatile substances evolved from aerobic and anaerobic microbial decomposition of liquid swine manure(1).

2-Mercaptoethanol's production and use as a solvent for dyestuffs, intermediate for producing dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, flotation agents, insecticides, plasticizers, water-soluble reducing agent, biochemical reagent, PVC stabilizers, agricultural chemicals, and textile auxiliary(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 2-Mercaptoethanol is a hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent mustard gas(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-mercaptoethanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 1.76 mm Hg(4), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1.00X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(3). 2-Mercaptoethanol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). A 29% biomineralization after 55 days under methanogenic conditions(5) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in anoxic soil environments(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-mercaptoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.76 mm Hg(4), and assigned water solubility(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3.0(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.20(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 29% biomineralization after 55 days under methanogenic conditions(9) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in anoxic aquatic environments(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-mercaptoethanol, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.76 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-mercaptoethanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Mercaptoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-mercaptoethanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8.5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the reaction between hydroxyl radicals and 2-mercaptoethanol in aqueous solution at pH 6.5 has been experimentally determined to be 6.8X10+9/M-sec(2); assuming that the hydroxyl radical concentration of brightly sunlit natural water is 1X10-17 M(3), the half-life for this reaction would be 118 days(SRC). 2-Mercaptoethanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4). 2-Mercaptoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3.0 was calculated for 2-mercaptoethanol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.20(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-mercaptoethanol can be estimated to be 1.3(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-mercaptoehtanol is estimated as 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.76 mm Hg(1), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1.00X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). 2-Mercaptoethanol's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC). 2-Mercaptoethanol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its extrapolated vapor pressure(1).

2-Mercaptoethanol concentrations of 0.01 ppb or less were detected in samples of German wines(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 14,140 workers (4,607 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-mercaptoethanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-mercaptoethanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-mercaptoethanol is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-mercaptoethanol via dermal contact with this compound and other products containing 2-mercaptoethanol(SRC).

... 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) can enhance colony formation in vitro. In part, 2-ME can reverse the defect in T cell colony-forming cells (T-CFC) formation by overcoming the effect of suppressor cells. In a group of 46 AIDS patients, T-CFC formation was initially 42 +/- 8% (mean +/- s.e.) that of control levels. 2-ME caused an increase of 401 +/- 76% in T-CFC formation which was significantly greater than the increase in control T-CFC formation; it also significantly enhanced T-CFC formation by cells from ARC patients. Suppressor cell activity from ten AIDS patients decreased from 58 +/- 21% to 12 +/- 10% when 2-ME was added. Similar data were obtained from 14 ARC patients.

Inhalation exposure increased organic sulfur elimination via the urine.

Simple aliphatic and aromatic thiols undergo S-methylation in mammals to produce the corresponding methyl thioether or sulfide. Methylation is catalysed by thiopurine methyltransferase in the cytoplasm and thiol methyltransferase in microsomes, and both reactions require S-adenosyl-l-methionine as a methyl group donor. Thiopurine methyltransferase is present in human liver, kidney, and erythrocytes; preferential substrates for this enzyme include aromatic and heterocyclic thiols. S-Methylation of aliphatic thiols is catalysed by microsomal thiol methyltransferase, and the resulting methyl thioether (sulfide) metabolite would undergo S-oxidation to give the methyl sulfoxide and methyl sulfone analogues as urinary products. Thiols may react with glutathione and other endogenous thiol substances to form mixed disulfides. Both microsomal and cytoplasmic thioltransferasess have been reported to catalyse the formation of mixed disulfides. The resulting mixed disulfides can undergo reduction back to thiols, oxidative desulfuration, or oxidation to a sulfonic acid via the intermediate thiosulfinate and sulfinic acids. The principal form in the circulation would probably be a mixed disulfide formed with albumin. /Simple thiols/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 m1/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /2-Mercaptoethanol causes/ redness and pain in eyes and skin. .../Causes/ shortness of breath /via/ inhalation. The substance may cause effects on central nervous system.

2 Mercaptoethanol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Ethanol, 2-mercapto-: ACTIVE|Hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent mustard gas|Thiols can be prepared by a variety of methods. The most-utilized of these synthetic methods for tertiary and secondary thiols is acid-catalyzed synthesis; for normal and secondary thiols, the most-utilized methods are free-radical-initiated, alcohol substitution, or halide substitution; for mercaptoalcohols, the most-utilized method is oxirane addition; and for mercaptoacids and mercaptonitriles, the most-utilized methods are Michael-type additions. /Thiols/

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of 2-mercaptoethanol.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT;|Flavoring Agents