2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutanedinitrile

136.198

136.19

116XMU2GHK

1121

39746

3439|2811

DTXSID0026125

Colorless solid|Crystallizes in plates

47.6

1.5

Tetramethylsuccinonitrile appears as white crystals. (NTP, 1992)

1.070 g/cm³

170.5 °C

140-180 °C @ Press: 1 x 10^-3 Torr

116.4±13.7 °C

1.440

Insoluble

Separated from strong oxidants, food and feedstuffs. Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

1.15X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C /Estimated/

Combustible Solid

A mathematical model of thermal dissociation leading to explosion was verified experimentally with solutions of the nitrile in dibutyl phthalate and silicone oil. It shows a very high rate of pressure increase during exothermic decomposition. Energy of decomposition (78 deg C- 130 deg C) measured by differential scanning calorimetry as 1.3 kJ/g. The recently calculated value of 56 deg C for the critical ignition temperature is in agreement with the previous value of 54 deg C.

Almost no odor

Henry's Law constant = 5.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C /Estimated/

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 6.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C /Estimated/

Insoluble in water.

Nitriles

Nitriles, such as TETRAMETHYLSUCCINONITRILE, may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous acids. This chemical can react violently with (LiAlH4 + H2O). (NTP, 1992)

Combustible Solid

Ⅱ

6.1(a)

2811

3

6.1

S26;S36/S37/S39

WN4025000

T

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

P260, P264, P270, P271, P284, P301+P310, P304+P340, P309+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, P501

H300

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Reacts with strong oxidants, causing fire and explosion hazard.

Flash point data are not available for this chemical, but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H300+H310+H330 (79.25%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]|P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 610 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P271, P284, P301+P310, P304+P340, P309+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P260, P264, P270, P301+P310, P309+P311, P314, P321, P330, P405, and P501|P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P307+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)|Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. (NIOSH, 2016)|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 28 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.|Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure- demand or other positive-pressure mode/(Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.|Respirator Recommendations: Escape: (Assigned protection factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|(See protection codes)

The substance is combustible but no flash point is available in literature.

A mathematical model of thermal dissociation leading to explosion was verified experimentally with solutions of the nitrile in dibutyl phthalate and silicone oil. It shows a very high rate of pressure increase during exothermic decomposition. Energy of decomposition (78 °C- 130 °C) measured by differential scanning calorimetry as 1.3 kJ/g. The recently calculated value of 56 °C for the critical ignition temperature is in agreement with the previous value of 54 °C.

Sweep spilled substance into containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus).

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 ppm (3 mg/cu m). Skin designation.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 3 mg/cu m (0.5 ppm). Skin designation.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure at high concentrations could cause death.

NO open flames. NO contact with strong oxidizing agents.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Tetramethylsuccinonitrile was detected in 10 samples of 76 plastic products that are in contact with food; the highest concentration was in methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, at 134.4 ug/g(1). Levels in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(acrylonitrile), polystyrene foam, and poly(vinylchloride) were 0.3, 0.7-21.9, 19.4, 0.1-5.6, and 19.4 ug/g, respectively(1). The compound is a decomposition product of 2,2'azobisisobutyronitrile which is used as a catalyst for polymerization of monomers(1).

LD50 Rat sc 30 mg/kg bw|LD50 Guinea pig sc 23 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rabbit iv 20 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat oral 38.9 mg/kg bw (95% confidence interval: 31.5-46.1 mg/kg/bw)|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for TETRAMETHYLSUCCINONITRILE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tetramethylsuccinonitrile's is released as a result of the use of blowing agents for vinyl foam(1); therefore vinyl foam production activities may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetramethylsuccinonitrile is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetramethylsuccinonitrile from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Tetramethylsuccinonitrile is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetramethylsuccinonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.4(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.1(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetramethylsuccinonitrile, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetramethylsuccinonitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tetramethylsuccinonitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 24 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Tetramethylsuccinonitrile is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

An estimated BCF of 1.4 was calculated for tetramethylsuccinonitrile(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.1(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for tetramethylsuccinonitrile can be estimated to be 170(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetramethylsuccinonitrile is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for tetramethylsuccinonitrile is estimated as 5.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tetramethylsuccinonitrile is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Tetramethylsuccinonitrile is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure to tetramethylsuccinonitrile may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where vinyl foam production is conducted. (SRC)

/It was/... reported that uptake occurs after inhalation and through the skin, but no quantitative data are available.|The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Headache, nausea; convulsions, coma; liver, kidney, gastrointestinal effects Target Organs: central nervous system, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract (NIOSH, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/CASE REPORTS/ ...Five cases of acute accidental occupational exposure to tetramethyl succinonitrile /were reported/. All cases showed about the same symptoms. After inhalation they /became/ unconscious with convulsions. Further investigations on workers employed at the same factory displayed that some symptoms were prominent in the group: frequent headaches, excessive salivation and sense of taste, nausea, and vomiting. No exposure levels were reported.|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ /Investigators/ reported headaches, nausea, convulsions, and coma in 7 women and 9 men while employed making vinyl foam products in Germany; of 16 workers 12 complained of headache and 5 experienced convulsions.|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Only one report of long-term, low-level effects of occupational exposure to a nitrile has been found; ...a study of 16 workers allegedly suffering ill effects form exposure to tetramethylsuccinonitrile vapor at an unknown concentration. The subjects complained of headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, a peculiar taste in the mouth, formation of excessive and frothy spittle, respiratory distress, insomnia, lapses of consciousness, and convulsions. The results of physical examination and limited laboratory tests of liver function and serum proteins revealed no consistent or characteristic abnormality. Two of the subjects examined had lost consciousness following acute exposures. The presence of tetramethylsuccinonitrile had not been proven in the work environment. However, the author conjectured that it was released as a thermal decomposition product of azo-isobutyronitrile, which was employed in the workplace as a polyvinyl chloride foaming agent.

tetramethylsuccinonitrile

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

headache, nausea; convulsions, coma; liver, kidney, gastrointestinal effects

Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

central nervous system, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract

TMSN and nitrogen are released when the blowing agent, azo-bisisobutyronitrile, is heated and decomposes during the production of vinyl foam. The blowing agent itself is of moderate toxicity on inhalation or ingestion, but after heating, the decomposition product, TMSN, is a potent convulsant. TMSN is also the by-product of a polymerization catalyst in photocopier toner.

Method: OSHA 7, Organic Vapors; Procedure: Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: tetramethyl succinonitrile; Matrix: air; Detection Level: not provided.|Method: NIOSH S155; Procedure: Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: tetramethyl succinonitrile; Matrix: air; Detection Level: range 1.80-8.20 mg/cu m.