C.I. Food Blue 2

792.85

792.122192

223-339-8

DTXSID1043758

Reddish-violet powder or granules with a metallic luster|Dark-purple to bronze powder with metallic luster

29309090

203

log Kow = -4.94 (estimated)

Dark purple Fine Crystalline Powder

0.65

283 °C (dec.)(lit.)

water: soluble 1mg/mL

Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

LD50 s.c. in mice: 4.6 g/kg (Gross)

Ⅲ

3077

3

33-52/53

24/25

BQ4725000

Xn

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273

H412

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

All batches of this color additive when used in foods shall meet the specifications, uses and restrictions, and labeling regulations contained in 21 CFR Part 74 and be certified in accordance with regulations in 21 CFR Part 80.|All batches of this color additive when used in drugs shall meet the specifications, uses and restrictions, and labeling regulations contained in 21 CFR Part 74 and be certified in accordance with regulations in 21 CFR Part 80.|All batches of this color additive when used in cosmetics shall meet the specifications, uses and restrictions, and labeling regulations contained in 21 CFR Part 74 and be certified in accordance with regulations in 21 CFR Part 80.

H412 (100%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]|P273, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 189 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Brilliant Blue was detected in sewage effluents in Japan(1).

Although individual tar food colors are controlled based on acceptable daily intake (ADI), there is no apparent information available for how combinations of these additives affect food safety. In the current study, the potencies of single and combination use of /dyes/ were examined on neural progenitor cell (NPC) toxicity, a biomarker for developmental stage, and neurogenesis, indicative of adult central nervous system (CNS) functions. /Allura red AC/ and /amaranth/ reduced NPC proliferation and viability in mouse multipotent NPC, in the developing CNS model. Among several combinations tested in mouse model, combination of /tartrazine /and /brilliant blue FCF / at 1000-fold higher than average daily intake in Korea significantly decreased numbers of newly generated cells in adult mouse hippocampus, indicating potent adverse actions on hippocampal neurogenesis. However, other combinations including /allura red AC/ and /amaranth/ did not affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Evidence indicates that single and combination use of most tar food colors may be safe with respect to risk using developmental NPC and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the response to excessively high dose combination of /tartrazine/ and /brilliant blue FCF/ suggestive of synergistic effects to suppress proliferation of NPC in adult hippocampus. Data indicated that combinations of tar colors may adversely affect both developmental and adult hippocampal neurogenesis...

LD50 Rats oral >2.0 g/kg bw|LD50 Mouse subcutaneous 4.6 g/kg bw

... Two cases of refractory shock and metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients are reported. The patients received Brilliant Blue FCF added to enteral nutrition formulations in order to facilitate the detection of aspiration. ... The dose did not exceed 0.7 mg/kg bw/day for the first patient and 2 mg/kg bw/day for the second one. ... Although in healthy subjects absorption of Brilliant Blue FCF appears to be limited, critically ill patients have increased gastrointestinal permeability to Brilliant Blue FCF secondary to enterocyte death and stress induced release of neuro-endocrine factors in the intestinal epithelium.

Brilliant Blue's production and use as a color additive in foods, drugs, cosmetics(1) and in lavaoratory freshners or flushing water(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in aquatic plant control(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Brilliant Blue is expected to be mobile in soil(SRC). This compound is expected to exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(1). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Brilliant Blue is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces because it is a salt and salts do not volatilize(SRC). Activated sludge and chemical precipitation treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes resulted in dye removal efficiencies of less than 25% for Brilliant Blue(2), suggesting that biodegradation in soils is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Brilliant Blue is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). This compound will almost entirely exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(1). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(2) based on its expected ionic character in the environment. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low, based on the ionic character of the compound(SRC). Activated sludge and chemical precipitation treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes resulted in dye removal efficiencies of less than 25% for Brilliant Blue(3), suggesting that biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Brilliant Blue, a salt, is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere because salts are nonvolatile(SRC). Particulate-phase Brilliant Blue may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Brilliant Blue may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight; its absorption maximum is 630 nm(2).

Brilliant Blue is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Brilliant Blue may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight; the absorption maximum is 630 nm(2).|Brilliant Blue may undergo photo-oxidation in natural water when exposed to sunlight; the Brilliant Blue structure contains olefinic bonds and aromatic amines that are susceptible to photo-oxidants (hydroxyl and peroxy radicals) in natural water(1). Based upon the functional groups, half-lives of 1-13 days are possible, given full sunlight at the water's surface(1).

The ionic character of Brilliant Blue indicates that the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low. (SRC)

Brilliant Blue is expected to be mobile in soil; this compound will almost entirely exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(1).

Brilliant Blue is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces; this compound is expected to exist as an anion in the environment, and therefore volatilization from moist soil is not expected because anions do not volatilize. Brilliant Blue is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces because it is a salt and is nonvolatile. (SRC)

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of Brilliant Blue is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 57,876 workers (30,139 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Brilliant Blue in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Brilliant Blue may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Brilliant Blue is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Brilliant Blue via ingestion of food and drug products containing this colorant, and dermal contact with consumer products such as cosmetics and textiles that contain this compound(SRC).

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS. (See all compounds classified as Coloring Agents.)

The absorption, metabolism and excretion of (14)C-labelled Green S and Brilliant Blue FCF have been studied in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig. Following administration of a single oral dose of Green S at either 100 ug/kg or 10 mg/kg of Brilliant Blue FCF at either 30 ug/kg or 3 mg/kg to male or female rats, substantially all of the dose was excreted unchanged in the feces within 72 hr. Pretreating male rats with unlabelled Green S or Brilliant Blue FCF in the diet (100 or 30 mg/kg day, respectively) for 21 days prior to dosing with (14)C-labelled coloring had no effect on the route of excretion or the time taken to eliminate all of the label. Similarly male mice and guinea-pigs excreted in the feces all of a single oral dose of Green S or Brilliant Blue FCF. The lack of absorption and metabolism of the labelled dye in the gastro-intestinal tract of all three species investigated was confirmed by studies using isolated loops of small intestine. It was shown that no radioactivity was taken up by the fetuses of pregnant rats given (14)C-labelled Green S or Brilliant Blue FCF.|Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose (0.27 mg; 1.74 uCi) of the (14)C-labelled coloring by gavage. In bile-duct ligated rats, intestinal absorption of FD & C Blue No.1 (estimated from urinary (14)C excretion, expired (14)CO2 and residual radioactivity in internal organs and tissues 96 hr after oral administration) averaged 2.05% of the dose. Mean fecal excretion was 97.28% and the total recovery of administered radioactivity was 99.38%. Intestinal absorption (14)C-FD & C Blue No. 1 in intact rats averaged only 0.27% (91% recovery), while biliary excretion in bile-duct cannulated animals averaged 1.32% of the dose. Thin-layer chromatography of urine and bile samples revealed that about 95% of excreted radioactivity was unaltered FD & C Blue No. 1 and that about 5% was an unidentified metabolite or degradation product of FD & C Blue No. 1. The results show that FD & C Blue No.1 is poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, and undergoes subsequent rapid and complete biliary excretion /of the absorbed compound/.|... Less than 0.05% of a labeled dose of 3 mg/kg bw was excreted in the bile of rats over a 5-hour period. Very little radioactivity (0.004 - 0.006% of dose) was detected on day 11 in the fetuses of pregnant rats given (14)C-labelled Brilliant Blue FCF orally on day 8 of gestation. ... Brilliant Blue FCF was labeled with (14)C in the central methane ring and had a radioactive purity of greater than 95%. ...|Following administration of either 30 ug/kg bw or 3 mg/kg bw of (14)C-Brilliant Blue FCF by gavage to male or female rats, substantially all of the dose was excreted unchanged in the feces within 72 hours (99.9% at low dose, 95.4% at high dose). No radioactivity was detected in the expired air and less than 0.5% was detected in the urine. ...|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Brilliant Blue (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/CASE REPORTS/ ... Two cases of refractory shock and metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients are reported. The patients received Brilliant Blue FCF added to enteral nutrition formulations in order to facilitate the detection of aspiration. ... The dose did not exceed 0.7 mg/kg bw/day for the first patient and 2 mg/kg bw/day for the second one. ... Although in healthy subjects absorption of Brilliant Blue FCF appears to be limited, critically ill patients have increased gastrointestinal permeability to Brilliant Blue FCF secondary to enterocyte death and stress induced release of neuro-endocrine factors in the intestinal epithelium.

acid blue 9

Admiral Liquid: Erioglaucine 15.31%, Tartrazine 1.00%|Admiral WSP: Erioglaucine 49.72%, Tartrazine 3.27%|Aquashade: Erioglaucine 12.6%, Tartrazine 1.04%

Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing|Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, aluminum salt (1:?): ACTIVE

Method: AOAC 930.38; Procedure: column chromatographic method; Analyte: brilliant blue FCF; Matrix: food; Detection Limit: not provided.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Colorants|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues