Anisole

108.13800

108.14

202-876-1

B3W693GAZH

1014

7920

2222

DTXSID4041608

MOBILE LIQUID, CLEAR STRAW COLOR|Colorless liquid

29093090

9.23000

1.69520

Anisole appears as a clear straw-colored liquid with an aromatic odor. Insoluble in water and the same density as water. Vapors heavier than air. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin irritant. Used to make perfumes, flavorings and as a solvent.

0.9956 g/cm³ @ Temp: 18 °C

-37.3 °C

155.5 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

43ºC

1.516-1.519

H2O: 1.6 g/L (20 ºC)

Store at RT.

10 mm Hg ( 42.2 °C)

3.7 (vs air)

LD50 orally in rats: 3700 mg/kg (Taylor)Oral-rat LD50: 3700 mg/kg. Oral-Mouse LD50: 2800 mg/kg

In case of fire, high temperature, strong oxidants, it is combustible. Burning discharges irritative smoke.

0.34-6.3%(V)

SWEET ANISE-LIKE ODOR

SWEET

1.73e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

FORMS OILS OR RESINS BY CONDENSATION WITH FORMALDEHYDE|CONVERSION FACTORS: EQUIVALENCES: 1 PPM= 4.46 MG/CU M AT 25 °C, 760 MM HG; 1 MG/L= 226.2 PPM AT 25 °C, 760 MM HG|VAPOR PRESSURE = 10 MM HG @ 42.2 °C|Standard Enthalpy of Fusion: -114.77 kJ/mol @ 25 °C /liquid/

Flammable. Ethers tend to form unstable peroxides when exposed to oxygen. Ethyl, isobutyl, ethyl tert-butyl, and ethyl tert-pentyl ether are particularly hazardous in this respect. Ether peroxides can sometimes be observed as clear crystals deposited on containers or along the surface of the liquid. Insoluble in water

Ethers

Highly Flammable

Ethers, such as ANISOLE can act as bases. They form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. The complex between diethyl ether and boron trifluoride is an example. Ethers may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. In other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond, ethers are relatively inert.

Anisole|D*: Other compounds that may form peroxides|Cameo

887 °F (475 °C)|475 °C

-3783.12 kJ/mol @ 25 °C /liquid/

46.84 kJ/mol @ 25 °C

Critical temperature: 372.4 °C; Critical pressure: 41.9 atm

III

3

UN 2222

2

R10; R20; R38

S16-S26-S37/39

BZ8050000

Xn

complete package, with care, warehouse ventilation, away from open flame, heat, and stored separately from oxidants

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P210-P370 + P378

H226

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Anisole is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

OPDYKE DL J; MONOGRAPHS ON FRAGRANCE RAW MATERIALS. ANISOLE; FOOD TOXICOL 17(3) 243 (1979). A REVIEW WITH 37 REF ON ANISOLE INCLUDING TOXICITY, IRRITATION, SENSITIZATION, METAB, PHARMACOLOGY, TUMOR PROMOTING ACTIVITY, & CYTOTOXICITY.|Schultz TW et al; J Appl Toxicol 13 (6): 429-34 (1993). Predicted toxicities of aryl alkanols and related compounds /including anisole to Tetrahymena pyriformis in a population growth impairment assay/.

UN 2222

P210; P370 + P378

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable. Above 52 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Warning|H226 (99.95%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2019 companies from 21 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. ...

If material on fir or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ANISOLE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 52 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, anisole was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences, median concn in ppb): organics and plastics (5; 64.8) and organic chemicals (30; 25.4)(1). The highest effluent concn in these industrial categories was 8660 ppb and 753 ppb, respectively(1). Anisole was found in 1 of 3 samples of trench leachate from the West Valley waste disposal site at a concn of 2.7 mg/L(2). Anisole was found in ponds holding wastes from olive oil production(3). It has also been detected in wastewater from coal gasification plants(4,5) and in one case reported to be 0.2 mg/L(4). Anisole was present in raw wastewater and final effluent from a dye manufacturing plant at levels of 37-190 ppb and 5-71 ppb, respectively(6).

Moderate t

LD50 Rat ip 100-900 mg/kg /From table/|LD50 Rat sc 3500-4000 mg/kg /From table/

Anisole was identified as a compound isolated from essential oil of ocmum selloi.|Anisole has been found in lakes in the vicinity of Mount St Helens that received pyroclastic flow resulting from the volcanic eruption(1). It may also be formed during the combustion of hydrocarbons(2-4). This suggests that anisole may be formed naturally in the environment when hydrocarbons are burned(SRC). Since anisole has been reported as a meat flavor volatile(5), it may naturally occur in meat or be formed during cooking(SRC).

Anisole may be released to the environment during its manufacture, transport, disposal, and use(SRC) as an intermediate in the manufacture of organic compounds, for example fragrances and pharmaceuticals, and as a solvent and heat transfer medium(2). Anisole is formed as an impurity in the production of o-cresol and 2,6-xylenol by the alkylation of phenol with methanol(1). Anisole may be emitted from kerosine space heaters(3) and may occur in automobile exhaust(4,5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), the experimentally-determined Koc value for anisole of 35(1) suggests that it will be highly mobile in soil and may leach(SRC). Its estimated Henry's Law constant(3), 4.35X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), vapor pressure, 3.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(5), and low adsorptivity to soil indicate that volatilization may be an important fate process from both moist and dry soil surfaces(4,SRC). Anisole has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in screening tests(6-8) and therefore may readily biodegrade in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Anisole should volatilize from water based on its estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a fragment constant estimation method(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.2 hr and 4.2 days, respectively(4,SRC). Anisole has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in screening tests(5,6) and therefore may biodegrade in natural water(SRC). When anisole was added to a model aquatic ecosystem with fish, mosquito larva, alga, daphnia, and snails and incubated for 24 hr, the concentration of anisole was considerably reduced (by approximately 93%) and degradation products were found in the water(1). A Russian study reported that anisole was stable in water for 4 days(2). The details of the study were not available. According to a recommended classification scheme(8), experimental bioaccumulation factors obtained from a model aquatic ecosystem along with evidence of metabolism in aquatic organisms(1) suggests that bioaccumulation of anisole should not be a concern(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a theory of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(2), anisole, which has a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(3) will exist in the ambient atmosphere as a vapor(SRC). Vapor-phase anisole is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 hr(1,SRC). Anisole's water solubility in water is 1520 mg/L(4), and therefore it may be washed out of the atmosphere by rain(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of anisole with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is estimated as 17.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a molecular structure-based estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 22 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Anisole is sensitive to oxidation by hydroxyl radicals in water(2). These radicals may be formed by the photolysis of nitrate radicals by sunlight. Such reactions are apt to be important in clear waters in which light can penetrate and are relatively free of humic materials and other substances that act as scavengers for hydroxyl radicals(2).

Using its log Kow, 2.11(2), one estimates a BCF of 24 for anisole using a recommended regression equation(3). The bioconcentration of anisole in aquatic organisms was determined in a model aquatic ecosystem maintained at 26.7 °C with 12 hr of simulated daylight exposure(1). After 24 hr exposure, the ecological magnification for anisole was (organism, bioaccumulation factor): fish, 22; mosquito larva, 27; algae, 563; daphnia, 771; snails, 899(1). There were signs of considerable metabolism in all species. O-dealkylate occurred in fish and snail, hydroxylation to o- and p-methoxyphenols occurred in all species except daphnia, and conjugation occurred in alga and snails(1). According to a recommended classification scheme(4), this BCF value and its metabolism in aquatic organisms would indicate that anisole has a low potential for bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms(SRC).

34.67 L/kg|An experimental Koc of 35 has been reported for anisole(1). Using an estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(2), the Koc for anisole is estimated to be 118(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), these Koc values respectively suggest that anisole would be very highly mobile and highly mobile in soil and would readily leach(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for anisole estimated to be 4.35X10-3 atm-cu-m/mol(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that anisole will volatilize rapidly from water(2,SRC). Using this value for the Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing at 1 m/s with a wind speed of 3 m/s) is estimated as 3.2 hr(2,SRC). Similarly, the volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind volocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as 4.2 days(2,SRC). Anisole's moderate vapor pressure, 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(3), low adsorptivity to soil, and high Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil may occur(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: During 1982 to 1985 average anisole concns in the Rhine river ranged from 0.1 to 3 ppb(1). Monthly grab samples from the Besos and Llobregat Rivers located north and south of Barcelona, Spain ranged from <1 to 100 ng/L and <1 to 510 ng/L, respectively(2). The respective mean values (standard deviation) for these samples were 91 (180) ng/L and 34 (91) ng/L(2). The rivers flow through heavily-populated areas and receive a wide spectrum of wastes. The study was performed between March 1985 and March 1986. Anisole was also found in water samples from the Songhuajiung River basin in China(3).

Anisole is a meat flavor volatile(1).

Occupational exposure to anisole may occur by inhalation and dermal contact. The general population may be exposed to anisole in exhaust fumes and from ingesting meat. (SRC)|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 469 workers are potentially exposed to anisole in the USA(1).

IN SITU PERFUSION IN RAT USED TO STUDY GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF 4 FOOD ADDITIVES DERIVED FROM METHOXYBENZENE INCL ANISOLE. CMPD LARGELY WERE ABSORBED FROM DIGESTIVE TRACT BY PASSIVE DIFFUSION. ABSORPTION KINETICS VARY & ARE EXPLAINED BY DIFFERENCES IN LIPOSOLUBILITY.

ANISOLE YIELDS GUAIACOL, P-METHOXYPHENOL, AND PHENOL IN RABBITS. /FROM TABLE/|SEVERAL STRAINS OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER HYDROXYLATED ANISOLE TO GIVE O-HYDROXYANISOLE AS THE MAIN PRODUCT.|... THE MAJOR METABOLITE OF ANISOLE ... /IS/ P-HYDROXYPHENYL METHYL ETHER, WHICH WAS EXCRETED UNCONJUGATED (2%) AND CONJUGATED WITH GLUCURONIC ACID (48%) AND SULFURIC ACID (29%).|... ADMINISTERING ANISOLE TO THE DOG CAUSED AN INCREASE IN THE EXCRETION OF ETHEREAL SULFATE.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for ANISOLE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

... Human volunteers exposed to 200 mg/cu m /exposure time not specified/ experienced burning in the throat, irritation of the eyes and a foreign taste in the mouth.

anisol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Computer and electronic product manufacturing|Benzene, methoxy-: ACTIVE|18 ORG SOLVENTS INCL ANISOLE WERE SELECTED ON BASIS OF SUITABILITY FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION TECHNIQUE, SOLVENT POWER OVER RANGE OF ACARICIDES, & TOXICITY TO MITES TO BE TESTED AGAINST TETRANYCHUS URTICAE. 9 ACARICIDES WERE TESTED. ANISOLE WAS AN OUTSTANDING SOLVENT.|ANISOLE WAS IDENTIFIED AS A COMPD ISOLATED FROM ESSENTIAL OIL OF OCMUM SELLOI.|For the manufacture of phenol ethers with short-chained aliphatic groups, dialkyl sulfates are often used as alkylating agents.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree

Flavoring Agents