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Paraquat

Paraquat structure

CAS No:
4685-14-7
Formula:
C12H14N2
Chemical Name:
Paraquat
Synonyms:
4,4′-Bipyridinium,1,1′-dimethyl-;1,1′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium;1,1′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium cation;Paraquat ion;Methyl viologen(2+);Paraquat dication;N,N′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dication;N,N′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium;Dimethyl viologen;Spraytop-graze;Methyl viologen ion(2+);Methyl viologen dication;Paraquat;Starfire;1-Methyl-4-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)pyridin-1-ium;116047-10-0
Categories:
Agrochemicals > Herbicides

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Description

Paraquat is a yellow solid with a faint, ammonia-like odor.

Paraquat Basic Attributes

Molecular Weight：

186.25

Exact Mass：

186.11600

EC Number：

225-141-7

HScode：

3808931100

Characteristics

PSA：

7.8

XLogP3：

-4.5

Appearance：

COLOURLESS HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.

Density：

1.24 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

Melting Point：

300 °C (decomp)

Boiling Point：

Decomposes

Refractive Index：

1.5600 (estimate)

Water Solubility：

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 62

Storage Conditions：

Store technical material and formulations away from heat, under lock and key, and out of reach of children, animals, and unauthorized personnel. Store in an area designated for pesticide storage, preferably without drains. Store away from foodstuffs and animal feed.

Vapor Pressure：

Vapour pressure, Pa at 25°C:

Toxicity：

Oral-Rat LD50: 100 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 120 mg/kg

Flammability characteristics：

Combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxide gas

Explosive limit：

Not explosive

Odor：

Odorless

Safety Information

Packing level：

Hazard category：

6.1(a)

Transport codes：

2781

hazard class code：

26/27/28

safety instructions：

1-13-45

RTECS Number：

DW1960000

Marks：

Storage features：

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stability/Shelf Life：

Paraquat is stable in acid or neutral solutions, but is readily hydrolyzed by alkali.

Precautionary statement(s)：

P264, P270, P301+P310, P321, P330, P405, P501

Hazard Statements：

H301

Toxicity

Toxicity class：

highly toxic

Paraquat Use and Manufacturing

Methods of Manufacturing

The preparation method is to add N-methyl pyridine sulfate monomethyl salt, industrial ethanol, sodium cyanide, catalyst and water to the reaction kettle, and add 28% of the industrial alkaline solution dropwise at 5°C under stirring within about 1 hour. In the kettle, after adding alkali, the temperature is gradually raised for 1.5 hours, and the temperature at the end of the reaction does not exceed 80°C. At this time, it can be regarded as the completion of the dimerization reaction and the product is cooled.

Uses

Herbicide, Defoliant, Desiccant: Paraquat is a quaternary nitrogen herbicide widely used for broadleaf weed control. It is a quick-acting, nonselective compound, that destroys green plant tissue on contact and by translocation within the plant. It has been employed for killing marijuana in the U.S. and in Mexico. It is also used as a crop desiccant and defoliant, and as an aquatic herbicide. It is used in many formulations with other herbicides, e. g., simazine and diquat. Paraquat dichloride is registered for the control of weeds and grasses in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. It is used as a preplant or pre-emergence herbicide on vegetables, grains, cotton, grasses, sugarcane, peanuts, potatoes, and on areas for tree plantation establishment. Paraquat is applied as a directed spray post-emergence herbicide around fruit crops, vegetables, trees, vines, grains, soybeans, and sugarcane. It is used for dormant season applications on clover and other legumes, and for chemical fallow. It is also used as a desiccant or harvest aid on cotton, dry beans, soybeans, potatoes, sunflowers, sugarcane and as a post-harvest desiccant on tomatoes. It is applied to pine trees to induce resin soaking. Paraquat dichloride is also used on non-crop areas such as public airports, electric transformer stations and around commercial buildings to control weeds. Not approved for use in EU countries. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP).

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:186.25
XLogP3:1.7
Rotatable Bond Count:1
Exact Mass:186.115698455
Monoisotopic Mass:186.115698455
Topological Polar Surface Area:7.8
Heavy Atom Count:14
Formal Charge:2
Complexity:145
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

Material

Ammonium hydroxide

Dimethyl sulfoxide

Ammonia

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CAS No.: 4685-14-7

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High quality Paraquat CAS NO.4685-14-7

CAS No.: 4685-14-7

Grade: Pharmaceutical Grade

Content: 99%

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