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Morpholine

Morpholine structure

CAS No:
110-91-8
Formula:
C4H9NO
Chemical Name:
Morpholine
Synonyms:
Morpholine;Diethylene imidoxide;Diethylene oximide;Diethylenimide oxide;p-Isoxazine,tetrahydro-;1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane;2H-1,4-Oxazine,tetrahydro-;4H-1,4-Oxazine,tetrahydro-;Tetrahydro-p-oxazine;Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine;Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine;BASF 238;Drewamine;NSC 9376;88542-81-8;96122-95-1;99108-56-2;147366-31-2;854893-20-2;1357848-50-0
Categories:
Cosmetic Ingredient > Buffering

Description

Colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor. [Note: A solid below 23°F.]

Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium. For example, treating morpholine with hydrochloric acid makes the salt morpholinium chloride.

Morpholine Basic Attributes

Molecular Weight：

87.12

Exact Mass：

87.12

BRN：

102549

EC Number：

203-815-1

Freezing Point：

-4.9℃

HScode：

2934999090

Characteristics

PSA：

21.26000

XLogP3：

-1.08

Appearance：

APHA: ≤15 Liquid

Density：

1.0007 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

Melting Point：

-4.9 °C

Boiling Point：

128.9 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

Flash Point：

96 °F

Refractive Index：

1.415

Water Solubility：

Micible with water.

Storage Conditions：

Store at R.T.

Vapor Pressure：

31 mm Hg ( 38 °C)

Vapor Density：

3 (vs air)

Toxicity：

Oral-rat LD50: 1050 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 525 mg/kg

Flammability characteristics：

Flammable; burning produces toxic chloride gas

Explosive limit：

1.4-15.2%(V)

Odor：

Characteristic amine

PH：

Strong base

Safety Information

Packing level：

Hazard category：

Transport codes：

UN 2054 8/PG 1

wgk germany：

hazard class code：

10-20/21/22-34

safety instructions：

23-36-45

RTECS Number：

QD6475000

Marks：

Storage features：

Warehouse ventilated at low temperature and dry; prevent open flame, friction, sparks, storage and transportation separately from oxidant

Explosive characteristics：

Steam and air can be explosive when mixed

Stability/Shelf Life：

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides. Hygroscopic.

Precautionary statement(s)：

P210-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P370 + P378

Hazard Statements：

H226-H302-H311 + H331-H314

RIDADR：

UN 2054/1760

Toxicity

Toxicity class：

moderately toxic

Name	Type of Test	Exposure Route	Species Observed	Dose/Duration	Toxic Effects	Reference
SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA	Standard Draize test	Administration onto the skin	Rodent - rabbit	995 mg/24H	--	BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810 Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 10-4/1970
SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA	LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill	Oral	Rodent - rat	1450 mg/kg	Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value--	Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,25,1968
SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA	LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill	Inhalation	Rodent - rat	8000 ppm/8H	Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value--	Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. (National Assoc. of Printing Ink Research Institute, Francis McDonald Sinclair Memorial Laboratory, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA 18015) Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,85,1974

Morpholine Use and Manufacturing

Methods of Manufacturing

The preparation method is prepared by dehydration and cyclization of diethanolamine in the presence of sulfuric acid. Add diethanolamine to the reaction pot, add H2SO4 dropwise below 60°C, increase the temperature to 185～195°C, keep for 30min, cool to 60°C, add NaOH solution dropwise to make pH=11, cool and filter, and rectify the filtrate. Collecting the fraction below 130°C is morpholine. Morpholine can also be prepared with diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence and pressure of a catalyst. The raw materials of this method are easily available, and it has become the main method of producing morpholine in the world.

Uses

Morpholine reacts with inorganic acids to form salts, and organic acids to form salts or amides. It can be alkylated, and can also react with ethylene oxide, ketone or Willgerodt reaction.

Analysis Methods

Name	Column Shape	Active Phase(℃)	Retention index	Temperature Control	Method	Comments	Reference
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal	Capillary	OV-101	794.	110.	isothermal	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He	Zhuravleva, I.L.Evaluation of the polarity and boiling points of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by gas chromatographyRuss. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.)2000, 49, 2, 325-328.
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal	Packed	SE-30	795.	150.	isothermal	Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m	Tiess, D.Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe1984, 33, 6-9.
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal	Packed	PMS-100	766.	130.	isothermal	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m	Anderson, A.Jurel, S.Shymanska, M.Golender, L.Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phasesLatv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser.1973, 1, 51-63.
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal	Packed	PMS-100	750.	150.	isothermal	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m	Anderson, A.Jurel, S.Shymanska, M.Golender, L.Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phasesLatv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser.1973, 1, 51-63.
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal	Packed	PMS-100	749.	180.	isothermal	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m	Anderson, A.Jurel, S.Shymanska, M.Golender, L.Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phasesLatv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser.1973, 1, 51-63.

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:87.12
XLogP3:-0.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:2
Exact Mass:87.068413911
Monoisotopic Mass:87.068413911
Topological Polar Surface Area:21.3
Heavy Atom Count:6
Complexity:34.5
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

Synthesis Route

127029-79-2

Material

Diethylene glycol

Price Analysis

Make your Morpholine purchase based on the price and market insights! ECHEMI provides professional market insights with prices for you to make a better choice. Learn more on Morpholine prices .

Data: 2026-08-01
Price: 14360.00Yuan/mt
Change: 920.0

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Guide of Morpholine

Description
Basic Attributes
Characteristics
Safety Information
Toxicity
Use and Manufacturing
Analysis Methods
Computed Properties
Synthesis Route
Material
Price Analysis
Recommended Suppliers
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