Isophytol

296.53

296.53

1783243

208-008-8

A831ZI6VIM

93744

DTXSID2025474

Oily liquid

2905290000

20.2

8.23 (est)

clear to yellow oily liquid

0.8519 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

<25 °C

107-110 °C @ Press: 0.01 Torr

>230 °F

1.456

Practically insoluble in water

Container: tightly closing; high-grade stainless steel, coated steel

5.8X10-10 mm Hg at 25 deg C (extrapolated)

Henry's Law constant = 6.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

9

UN 3082 9 / PGIII

1

36/37/38-50/53-38

24/25-37/39-26-61

Xi,N

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273-P501

H315-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Contain spills; may be ecotoxic at higher concentrations, hence do not allow to enter drains, surface water or groundwater; collect using inert absorbent and dispose of by incineration

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for ISOPHYTOL (505-32-8) 154 pp. (May 2003). This SIDS Initial Assessment Report was prepared for SIAM 16 held in Paris, France, 27-30 May 2003, The chemical was chosen by the Sponsor Company and the Swiss authorities in the frame of the ICCA Initiative. It was concluded that isophytol is of low priority for further work.|European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-1-en-3-ol (505-32-8) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.

|Warning|H315 (99.94%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, P362, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1784 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P201, P202, P264, P281, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P337+P313, P405, and P501

Extinguishing Medium: water mist; foam, dry powder; carbon dioxide. Unsuitable Medium: water spray, water jet (fat explosion hazard). ... /Isophytol/ is hazardous for water; contain fire-fighting wastewater.

Contain spills; may be ecotoxic at higher concentrations, hence do not allow to enter drains, surface water or groundwater; collect using inert absorbent and dispose of by incineration

Isophytol has a low acute oral and dermal toxicity: oral mammalian LD50 above 5000 mg/kg bw, with most values greater than 8000 mg/kg bw. The acute dermal LD50 is above 5000 mg/kg bw in rabbits. One intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse is 169 mg/kg bw. Inhalative tests over 8 hours in rodents show no effect of a nonaerosol isophytol-enriched atmosphere (NOEC about 0.3 mg/cu m based on vapor pressure). Isophytol is irritating to the skin, based on animal studies, but a 10% solution in petrolatum was not irritating to human volunteers. Isophytol is a slight eye irritant. In rabbit transient irritant reactions of the eyes were produced, which all resolved within 8 days. In two sensitization tests the reactions were judged to be of an irritant rather than a sensitizing nature, a maximization test with 10% isophytol in human volunteers was negative. The 28-day subchronic oral NOEL is 250 mg/kg bw/d, with only minor and reversible effects (including kidney weight changes) at the LOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/d. Based on histopathological data from a one-generation study with an average exposure of 64 days for females and of 98 days for males, the NOEL and NOAEL for parental systemic toxicity was below 250 mg/kg bw/d. Isophytol was not mutagenic in two bacterial tests, whereas one bacterial test was predominantly negative with a few ambiguous results. In an in vivo micronucleus test no clastogenic effects were seen. Thus isophytol is considered to be not mutagenic. There are no proper carcinogenicity data. In a one-generation reproductive toxicity study, 250 mg/kg bw/d was the LOAEL for parental toxicity based on effects in kidney (dilated renal tubules; renal mineralization). 500 mg/kg bw/d was the NOAEL for maternal reproductive effects based on a slightly increased mean pre-coital time, a decreased fertility index and conception rate. Postnatal loss was observed at low and medium dose (2% in controls, 7% at 250, 8% at 500 mg/kg bw/d) an increase of 39% at 1000 mg/kg bw/d was observed where also clinical signs in the mothers appeared. A NOAEL of 500 mg/kg bw/d was derived for developmental toxicity of the pups based on clinical signs and decreased body weight during the lactation period. In conclusion, the overall mammalian toxicity of isophytol is considered to be low but, based on animal data, there is a potential for irritation.

Gel ointment containing 1% isophytol as the only terpene clearly enhanced percutaneous indomethacin absorption /of rat skin/ in comparison with gel ointment without any terpene, where no indomethacine was found in blood samples. However, the penetration-promoting effect of isophytol was relatively weak, clearly lower than any of the 7 tested monoterpenes, within the range of 4 tested sesquiterpenes; isophytol showed the lowest promoting effect of the 3 diterpenes to which group isophytol itself belongs.

LD50 Rat oral > 8000 mg/kg /From table/|LD50 Rat oral > 12000 mg/kg /Isophytol crude/ /From table/|LD50 Mouse oral > 8000 mg/kg /From table/|LD50 Mouse ip 169 mg/kg /From table/|LD50 Rabbit dermal > 5000 mg/kg /From table/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a static test without emulsifier over 96 hours, isophytol caused no observable effects in Leuciscus idus (golden orfe) up at nominal concentrations of 5,000 and 10,000 mg/L. THE NOEC was 10,000 mg/L nominal concentration, which indicates that at natural solubility isophytol is not toxic to the fish.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The potential of isophytol for deterrence of /Balanus amphitrite (barnacle)/ larvae settlement was tested ... . Isophytol was dissolved in pure (99.7%) ethanol at various concentrations and an aliquot of 0.5 mL of this ethanol solution was added to treatment Petri dishes of 9 sq cm surface area; then, the solvent was left to evaporate. Concentrations of isophytol were selected to result in test substance concentrations of 0.01 to 10.0 g/sq cm Petri dish surface. ... Settlement tests were conducted by adding 25-35 mature free-swimming cypris larvae to the test vessels and incubating for 24 hours at 28 °C in a 15/9-hour light/dark cycle. ... The endpoint is the number of settled larvae per total number of larvae added. ... Pure isophytol was significantly deterrent at concentrations of 10 and 1 ug/sq cm ... The minimal inhibitory concentration for isophytol was calculated as < or = 1 ug/sq cm. ...|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Male and female rice leaf folder moths, the food specialist Marasmia patnalis and the generalist Cnaphalocrocis medinalis from the same family, were used to record electroantennograms in the presence of defined volatile chemicals of plant origin. ... The response ... to 91 volatile plant chemicals was similar to all compounds except three monoterpenes and two sesquiterpenes, including isophytol. The response of the food specialist Marasmia patnalis, that feeds on relatively few plants, most notably rice, to these substances was higher in comparison with the generalist Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Further, while in M. patnalis both males and females showed similar electroantennographic reactions to isophytol, in C. medinalis the males showed a much stronger (but not statistically significant) reaction than the females. ... Isophytol may work as a volatile plant-derived semiochemical for (at least) these moths, allowing them in conjunction with other semiochemicals to locate certain plant species for food or mating/egg-laying purposes. The pronounced difference in reaction to isophytol in food-generalist C. medinalis males and females, with higher albeit non-significant reaction males, may additionally hint that isophytol, among other positive substances, may serve as a long-range attractant for males locating the females' host habitat.|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ ... Even at a very high loading of 15000 mg isophytol per kg artificial sediment (dry weight), no effects on growth, egg production or fertility were observed /in Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm)/. ...|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ISOPHYTOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Genetic toxicology testing has been performed with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA100, TA97 and TA98 with and without S9 activation in 95% ethanol vehicle control. The results were inconclusive. In another study with Salmonella strains TA1535, TA97, TA100, TA104, TA98 and TA102 with DMSO as the vehicle, isophytol was negative in the presence or absence of S9 metabolic activation.

Isophytol had previously been detected in dichloromethane extracts of the marine red alga Plocamium costatum.|Isophytol was detected at a concentration of 0.83% (area-%) in epicuticular leaf waxes of non-aphid-infested barley /(Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Aramir)/. It was not detected in the same leaf waxes of aphid-infested barley; however, in the latter, nearly the identical concentration (0.81%) of phytol was detected, which was not present on the surface of non-infected leaves. Isophytol was detected at a concentration of 1.40% (area-%) in methanol extracts of leaves of non-aphid-infested barley. It was not detected in the same methanol leaf extracts of aphid-infested barley; however, in these methanol extracts no phytol was detected, nor any other compound of the same concentration. No isophytol was detected in ethyl acetate extracts of non-aphid-infested nor of infested barley leaves. ... Isophytol is present in the epicuticular wax and within the leaf tissue of barley. Subsequent to infestation by aphids the isophytol disappears; while the epicuticular-wax isophytol may isomerise to phytol, which is found at similar concentrations in infested plants, the leafy-tissue isophytol seems to either dissipate, volatilize or be metabolised without obvious metabolites.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 114 workers (none of these were female) were potentially exposed to isophytol in the US(1).

Impurities: 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecan-3-ol (85761-30-4; < or = 2.5% v/v); 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one (207-950-7; < or = 2% v/v); 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-1-yn-3-ol (29171-23-1; < or = 0.5% v/v); 6,10,14-trimethyl-3-pentadecen-2-one (72226-32-5; < or = 0.3% v/v); 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol (69729-17-5; < or = 0.3% v/v); maximum of unknown impurities (sum) Contents < 2% v/v.|Purity: > or = 95% v/v (synthetic isophytol, minimum specification)

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... /In a maximization test/ ... 27 healthy, male and female volunteers /were subjected to/ ... five 48-hour induction applications to the same site on the forearm under occlusion and subsequent challenge on fresh sites after 10-14 days. /10% isophytol in petrolatum/ produced no significant reactions ... .|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a blood protein specific for vitamin A (retinol) transport. RBP is excreted in the urine of patients of certain diseases. RBP was purified from such urine and the relative binding to RBP of vitamin A derivatives and selected terpenes with structural similarities to parts of retinol, as well as a long-chained (C10) alcohol and a long-chained (C17) fatty acid, was determined. ... In comparison with the retinol standard, RBP pre-exposure to isophytol resulted in only 39% retinol binding, respectively 61% retinol-binding inhibition. ... Among terpenoids, competitive binding was only higher in beta-ionone and beta-ionylidene acetic acid on one hand, both of which are characterized by a closed beta-ionone ring identical to the one in retinol, and by citral and pseudoionone, both of which have a terminal respectively subterminal carbonyl group. Competitive binding of phytol, an isophytol isomer with a terminal carboxyl group, was much lower than of isophytol (29% vs 61%). ...

isophytol

1-Hexadecen-3-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-: ACTIVE|DECOMPOSITION PRODUCT OF CHLOROPHYLL.

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