Cuprous cyanide

89.56

88.93270

208-883-6

1587

DTXSID7023986

White monoclinic prisms or green orthorhombic crystals|White to cream-colored powder, colorless or dark green orthorhombic crystals or dark red monoclinic crystals|Pale cream powder

2926909090

23.8

0.01428

White-beige to greenish Powder

2.9 g/cm³

474 °C

Decomposes

Practically insoluble in water and alcohol. soluble in ammonium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, pyridine and N-methylpyrrolidone.

Poison room

Oral-Rat  LD: 500 mg/kg

Non-combustible substance; emit poisonous and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas in case of acid

Decomposed by nitric acid, boiling dil hydrochloric acid|Heat of fusion: 30.1 cal/g|Liberates hydrogen cyanide on contact with acid

Insoluble in water.

Cyanides, Inorganic

COPPER CYANIDE is decomposed by acids to give off hydrogen cyanide, a flammable poisonous gas. Tends to explosive instability. Capable of violent oxidation under certain condition: fusion with metal chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates or nitrites can cause explosions [Bretherick, 1979 p. 101]. Reacts with incandescence with magnesium [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 271].

II

6.1

UN 1587 6.1/PG 2

2

26/27/28-32-50/53

7-28-29-45-60-61-28A

GL7150000

T+,N,T

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from alkali, acid and food additives

Stable. Incompatible with acids, bases, magnesium. Reacts violently with oxidizing agents, nitrates. Reaction with acid releases highly toxic gas (HCN).

P260-P264-P273-P280-P284-P301 + P310

H300 + H310 + H330-H410

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P029; D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Copper cyanide is a poor candidate for incineration.|Cyanide salts should not be flushed into any drain which may contain or subsequently receive acid waste. ... Cyanide process waste solutions and flushings from spills should be passed through a cyanide waste disposal system. /Cyanide salts/|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for copper: Chemical precipitation and ultrafiltration. /Total copper/|Recovering: Copper containing wastes can be concentrated through the use of ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or evaporators to the point where copper can be electrolytically removed and sent to a reclaiming firm. If recovery is not feasible, the copper can be precipitated through the use of caustics and the sludge deposited in a chemical waste landfill. Recommendable methods: Solidification & landfill. Not recommendable method: Acid hydrolysis. Peer-review: Acid treatment of cyanides liberates HCN /hydrogen cyanide/. If this gas cannot be handled safely in properly designed equipment, acidification of cyanides cannot be recommended. Alkaline oxidation of cyanide can be achieved with sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, etc. Depending on the cyanides present the product will be a sludge or soln, which when a sufficient reaction time has been allowed (test), will be largely free from free cyanide. Deep sea disposal is an option for disposal. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH MAGNESIUM.|Addition of cyanides to a molten nitrate bath (or vice versa) will result in an explosion. /Cyanides/|Violent explosion occurs if cyanide salt is melted with nitrite salt. The melt explodes if cyanide plus chlorate or nitrite is heated to 450 °C. /Cyanides/|In presence of moisture, toxic hydrogen cyanide gas may collect in enclosed spaces.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for COPPER(I) CYANIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Cyanides on Aquatic Organisms with Emphasis Upon Fresh Water Fishes (1982) NRCC No.19246|DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Cyanide (Update) TP-92/09 (1993)|USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Cyanide (1984) EPA 440/5-84-028|USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Cyanides (1980) EPA 440/5-80-037|NIOSH; Criteria Document: Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts (1976) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 77-108

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic hydrogen cyanide gas may form in fires. (USCG, 1999)

|Danger|H300 (98.21%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 391 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P391, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Dust respirator; protective goggles or face mask; protective clothing (USCG, 1999)|WORKERS ENTERING A CONTAMINATED AREA MUST BE SUPPLIED WITH AIR-SUPPLIED OR SELF-CONTAINED RESPIRATORS WITH CANISTERS SPECIFIC FOR CYANIDES, GOGGLES IF FULL-FACE MASKS ARE NOT WORN, & IMPERVIOUS PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. /CYANIDES/|Chemical safety goggles shall be worn by employees engaged in any operation wherein there is danger or likelihood that dusts or solutions of cyanide salts will come into contact with the eye. Full-length face shields with forehead protection shall be worn by employees engaged in any operation wherein there is danger or likelihood that dusts, molten salts, or solutions of cyanide salts may contact the face. /Cyanide salts/|Respirator Selection: Less than or equal to 25 mg/cu m: (1) Filter type respirators, approved for toxic dust, with half-mask (not applicable for calcium cyanide). (2) Chemical cartridge respirators with replaceable cartridge for toxic dusts and acid gases; With half-mask. Maximum service life 4 hr. Less than or equal to 50 mg/cu m: (1) Full-face gas mask, chest or back mounted type /SRP: rebreather or oxygen generating/, with industrial size canister for toxic dust and hydrocyanic acid gas. Maximum service life 2 hr. (2) Type C supplied air-respirator, continuous-flow or pressure-demand type (positive pressure) with full facepiece. (3) Type A supplied-air respirator, (hose mask with blower) with full facepiece. Greater than 50 mg/cu m: (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with positive pressure in full facepiece. (2) Combination supplied-air respirator pressure-demand type with auxiliary self-contained air supply. Emergency (no concentration limit): (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with positive pressure in facepiece. (2) Combination supplied-air respirator, pressure-demand type, with auxiliary self-contained air supply. Evacuation or Escape (no concentration limit): (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus in demand or pressure-demand mode (negative or positive pressure). (2) Full-face gas mask, front or back mount type with industrial size canister for toxic dust and hydrocyanic acid gas. /Cyanide salts/

Not combustible.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock down vapors.|Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers must not be used where cyanide salts are present. /Cyanide salts/

STUDIES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AT 6 METAL ELECTROPLATING PLANTS REVEALED THAT A PH OF 9-10, A POLYMERIC FLOCCULANT, AND A CONVENTIONAL CLARIFIER-SLUDGE SYSTEM WERE THE MOST EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS. REACTION TIMES WERE GREATEST FOR THE OXIDATION OF NICKEL CYANIDE, FOLLOWED BY COPPER CYANIDE, & THEN ZINC CYANIDE.|WASTE CYANIDE SALTS FROM CASE HARDENING OF STEEL ARE DESTROYED BY REACTING THE SALTS AT 650-700 DEG WITH WASTE FERRIC HYDROXIDE SLUDGES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES.|Spills of cyanide salts should be immediately and carefully cleaned up by shoveling the material into a proper container. Care must be exercised to minimize any dispersal of cyanide dust into the air. /Cyanide salts/|REMOVAL OF COPPER, NICKEL, ZINC, CADMIUM AND CYANIDE FROM PLATING WASTEWATER BY ELECTROFLOTATION IS DISCUSSED. /CYANIDES/

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.|PERSONS WHO WORK WITH & AROUND CYANIDE PREPN SHOULD BE GIVEN SPECIFIC DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS ON MANAGEMENT OF CYANIDE POISONING. /CYANIDE/|If material not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Do not use water on material itself.|Remove contaminated nonpervious clothing immediately. /Cyanides/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for COPPER(I) CYANIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for COPPER(I) CYANIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Dust irritating to eyes, nose, & throat. ... Solid irritating to skin & eyes.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. Skin Designation. /Cyanides as CN/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Copper dusts and mists (as Cu)/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 4.7 ppm (5 mg/cu m). Skin. /Hydrogen cyanide/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Copper (dusts and mists)/

P029; An acute hazardous waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.|D003; /SRP:/ A waste containing copper (I) cyanide may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing for the reactivity characteristics as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

P029; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when copper(I)cyanide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).|/SRP:/ D003; A solid waste containing copper(I) cyanide may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

highly toxic

WORKERS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES OF KIDNEYS, RESPIRATORY TRACT, SKIN, OR THYROID ARE AT GREATER RISK OF DEVELOPING TOXIC CYANIDE EFFECTS THAN ARE HEALTHY WORKERS. /CYANIDES/

IN 30 DAYS, 72% OF (14)C FROM IP DOSE OF (14)C-CYANIDE TO MICE WAS EXCRETED IN URINE & FECES, 25% IN EXPIRED AIR, & 3% WAS RETAINED ... PEAK EXCRETION OCCURRED WITHIN 10 MIN IN EXPIRED AIR & WITHIN 6-24 HR IN URINE & FECES. /CYANIDE/|CYANIDE ION IS READILY ABSORBED AFTER ORAL OR PARENTERAL ADMIN. PROLONGED LOCAL CONTACT WITH CYANIDE SOLN OR WITH HYDROGEN CYANIDE MAY RESULT IN ABSORPTION OF TOXIC AMT THROUGH SKIN. PART OF ABSORBED CYANIDE IS EXCRETED UNCHANGED BY THE LUNG. ... LARGER PORTION ... CONVERTED BY ... SULFURTRANSFERASE TO RELATIVELY NONTOXIC THIOCYANATE ION. /CYANIDE ION/|CYANIDES ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED FROM SKIN & ALL MUCOSAL SURFACES & ARE MOST DANGEROUS WHEN INHALED, BECAUSE TOXIC AMT ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED THROUGH BRONCHIAL MUCOSA & ALVEOLI. /CYANIDES/|Cyanide is distributed to all organs and tissues via the blood, where its concn in red cells is greater than that in plasma by a factor of two or three. /Cyanide/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for COPPER(I) CYANIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

INORGANIC CYANIDE ION IS CONJUGATED WITH SULFUR TO FORM THIOCYANATE. ... THE CONJUGATION IS CATALYZED BY ... RHODANESE WHICH IS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN MOST ANIMAL TISSUES EXCEPT BLOOD, LIVER BEING PARTICULARLY ACTIVE. ... RHODANESE MECHANISM IS CAPABLE OF DETOXICATING ONLY LIMITED AMT OF CYANIDE, SUCH AS ARE FORMED DURING NORMAL METAB. /ANOTHER SULFUR DONOR IS 3-MERCAPTOPYRUVATE. THE ENZYME, MERCAPTOSULFUR TRANSFERASE IS LOCALIZED IN CYTOSOL./ /CYANIDE/|/ONE OF/ THE MAJOR MECHANISMS FOR REMOVING CYANIDE FROM THE BODY IS ITS ENZYMATIC CONVERSION, BY THE MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME RHODANASE (TRANSSULFURASE), TO THIOCYANATE, WHICH IS RELATIVELY ... /LESS TOXIC/. /CYANIDE/|Pseudomonas putida utilizes cyanide as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Agar, alginate, and carrageenan were screened as the encapsulating matrices for P. putida. Alginate-immobilized cells of P. putida degraded sodium cyanide (NaCN) more efficiently than non-immobilized cells or cells immobilized in agar or carrageenan. The end products of biodegradation of cyanide were identified as ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). These products changed the medium pH. In bioreactors, the rate of cyanide degradation increased with an increase in the rate of aeration. Maximum utilization of cyanide was observed at 200 ml min-1 of aeration. Immobilized cells of P. putida degraded cyanides, cyanates and thiocyanates to NH3 and CO2. Use of Na(14C)-CN showed that 70% of carbon of Na(14C)-CN was converted into 14CO2 and only 10% was associated with the cell biomass. The substrate-dependent kinetics indicated that the Km and Vmax values of P. putida for the substrate, NaCN were 14 mM and 29 nmol of oxygen consumed mg protein-1 min-1 respectively.

Half-life for the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate from a non-lethal dose in man is between 20 min and 1 hr. /Cyanide/

CYANIDE HAS VERY HIGH AFFINITY FOR IRON IN FERRIC STATE. WHEN ABSORBED /CYANIDE/ ... REACTS READILY WITH TRIVALENT IRON OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN MITOCHONDRIA; CELLULAR RESPIRATION IS THUS INHIBITED & CYTOTOXIC HYPOXIA RESULTS. SINCE UTILIZATION OF OXYGEN IS BLOCKED, VENOUS BLOOD IS OXYGENATED AND IS ALMOST AS BRIGHT RED AS ARTERIAL BLOOD. RESPIRATION IS STIMULATED BECAUSE CHEMORECEPTIVE CELLS RESPOND AS THEY DO TO DECREASED OXYGEN. A TRANSIENT STAGE OF CNS STIMULATION WITH HYPERPNEA AND HEADACHE ARE OBSERVED; FINALLY THERE ARE HYPOXIC CONVULSIONS AND DEATH DUE TO RESPIRATORY ARREST. /CYANIDE/|SINGLE DOSES OF CYANIDE PRODUCE ALTERATIONS IN PATTERN OF BRAIN METABOLITES CONSISTENT WITH DECR IN OXIDATIVE METABOLISM & INCR IN GLYCOLYSIS. DECR IN BRAIN GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID ... HAVE BEEN ASCRIBED TO CYANIDE INHIBITION OF GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE. /CYANIDE/|THE CORTICAL GRAY MATTER, HIPPOCAMPUS (H1), CORPORA STRIATA, & SUBSTANTIA NIGRA ARE COMMONLY AFFECTED /BY CYANIDE/. ... CYANIDE ALSO HAS PROPENSITY FOR DAMAGING WHITE MATTER, PARTICULARLY CORPUS CALLOSUM. CYANIDE INHIBITS CYTOCHROME OXIDASE & PRODUCES CYTOTOXIC ANOXIA, BUT ALSO CAUSES HYPOTENSION THROUGH ITS EFFECTS ON HEART. /CYANIDE/|The cyanide ion (CN-) ... forms complexes with a number of other chemicals (eg, in tissues) and has a strong affinity for cobalt. /Cyanide ion/|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for COPPER(I) CYANIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Following severe exposure to dust, symptoms of cyanide poisoning may develop (see ingestion). Ingestion causes anxiety, confusion, dizziness, sudden loss of consciousness, odor of bitter almonds on breath or in vomitus, rapid weak pulse, convulsions, and paralysis. Contact with eyes causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: CYANIDES ARE EXTREMELY TOXIC AND FAST-ACTING POISONS. Even though the induction of vomiting is not usually recommended outside of a physician's care if the victim is conscious and not convulsing, it may be worth the risk if a cyanide has been ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used to induce vomiting in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Copper and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, admin fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Copper and related compounds/|Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min. Administer amyl nitrite ampules as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Administer cyanide antidote kit as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor and treat cardiac arrhythmias if necessary ... . Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for COPPER(I) CYANIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

COPPER CYANIDE PLATING BATH EMPLOYED IN ELECTROPLATING OF COPPER CAN CAUSE SEVERE BURNS OF HUMAN EYE, OWING PRINCIPALLY TO STRONG ALKALINITY OF SOLN. TYPE OF CORNEAL DAMAGE APPEARS TO BE THE SAME AS ALKALI BURNS ...|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. Massive doses may produce, without warning, sudden loss of consciousness and prompt death from respiratory arrest. With smaller but still lethal doses, the illness may be prolonged for 1 or more hours. 2. Upon ingestion, a bitter, acrid, burning taste is sometimes noted, followed by a feeling of constriction or numbness in the throat. Salivation, nausea and vomiting are not unusual ... 3. Anxiety, confusion, vertigo, giddiness, and often a sensation of stiffness in the lower jaw. 4. Hyperpnea and dyspnea. Respirations become very rapid and then slow and irregular. Inspiration is characteristically short while expiration is greatly prolonged. 5. The odor of bitter almonds may be noted on the breath or vomitus ... 6. In the early phases of poisoning, an increase in vasoconstrictor tone causes a rise in blood pressure and reflex slowing of the heart rate. Thereafter the pulse becomes rapid, weak, and sometimes irregular. ... A bright pink coloration of the skin due to high concentrations of oxyhemoglobin in the venous return may be confused with that of carbon monoxide poisoning. /Cyanide/|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 7. Unconsciousness, followed promptly by violent convulsions, epileptiform, or tonic, sometimes localized but usually generalized. Opisthotonos and trismus may develop. Involuntary micturition and defecation occur. 8. Paralysis follows the convulsive stage. The skin is covered with sweat. The eyeballs protrude, and the pupils are dilated and unreactive. The mouth is covered with foam, which is sometimes bloodstained. ... The skin color may be brick red. Cyanosis is not prominent in spite of weak and irregular gasping. In the unconscious patient, bradycardia and the absence of cyanosis may be key diagnostic signs. 9. Death from respiratory arrest. As long as the heart beat continues, prompt and vigorous treatment offers some promise of survival. /Cyanide/|A STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO ASSESS THE HEALTH STATUS OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO CYANIDE FUMES & AEROSOLS IN A FACTORY. CYANIDE LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT & IN BLOOD & URINE. SMOKERS HAD HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS THAN NON-SMOKERS. THE HIGHEST LEVELS WERE 0.8 & 0.2 MG/CU M IN BREATHING ZONE & GENERAL WORKROOM ATMOSPHERE, RESPECTIVELY. THE WORKERS COMPLAINED OF TYPICAL CYANIDE POISONING IN SPITE OF THE LOW CONCN. /CYANIDES/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for COPPER(I) CYANIDE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

GRADES: TECHNICAL; CHEMICALLY PURE

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Copper cyanide (Cu(CN)): ACTIVE|... lab prepn: Barber, J Chem Soc 1943, 79; Norberg, Jacobson, Acta Chem Scand 3, 174 (1949); Vaughan, McCane, J Am Chem Soc 76, 2504 (1954).

Seven methods for the analysis of simple cyanides have been investigated including: 1) An ion-exchange procedure; 2) A continuous flow distillation; 3) An EDTA electrode method; 4) The AISI aeration method; 5) An EDTA aeration method; 6) The modified Roberts-Jackson method; and 7) The EPA method for cyanides amenable to chlorination. Of all the seven procedures studied, the modified Roberts-Jackson method is the best. It gives complete recovery for all but one of the simple cyanides without decomposing the complex cyanides. ... It has the unique ability to perform accurately in the presence of both sulfide and thiocyanate. Incomplete recovery of cyanide is found only from the mercury cyanide compounds. The addition of chloride ion during analysis will probably overcome this deficiency. A lower limit of 2 ppb + or - 1 ppb is possible with a precision of + or - 10% above 10 ppb. ... The ligand-exchange procedure appears to be the most advantageous method of analysis of total cyanides. /Total cyanides/|Color reaction: Oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which reacts with cyanide to form cyanomethemoglobin. This compound has a characteristic red color and a characteristic absorption spectrum. /Total cyanide/|Colorimetric method: Pyridine-pyrazolone. /Total cyanide/|EPA Method 9010: Total and Amenable Cyanide (Colorimetric, Manual) Method 9010 is used to determine the concentration of inorganic cyanide in an aqueous waste or leachate. The method detects inorganic cyanides that are present as either simple soluble salts or complex radicals. It is used to determine values for both total cyanide and cyanide amenable to chlorination; it is not intended to determine if a waste is hazardous by the characteristic of reactivity. The cyanide, as hydrocyanic acid, is released by refluxing the sample with strong acid and distillation of the hydrogen cyanide into an absorber-scrubber containing sodium hydroxide solution. The cyanide ion in the absorbing solution is then manually determined colorimetrically by converting the cyanide to cyanogen chloride by reaction with chloramine-T at a pH less than 8 without hydrolyzing the cyanate. ... Color is formed on addition of the pyridine-barbituric acid reagent. In a single laboratory, using mixed domestic and industrial waste samples at concentrations of 0.06, 0.13, 0.28, and 0.62 mg CN/l, the standard deviations were + or - 0.005, + or - 0.007, + or - 0.031, and + or - 0.094, respectively. In a single laboratory, using mixed industrial and domestic waste samples at concentrations of 0.28 and 0.62 mg CN/l, recoveries were 85% and 102%, respectively. /Total and Amenable Cyanide/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for COPPER(I) CYANIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A FLUOROMETRIC MICRODIFFUSION METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR DETERMINING CYANIDE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS. THIS DETECTION IS BASED ON THE PRODUCTION OF FLUORESCENCE BY THE TREATMENT OF CN WITH P-BENZOQUINONE. /TOTAL CYANIDE/|CYANIDE MAY BE LIBERATED FROM BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS /BLOOD, URINE/ BY ACIDIFICATION. THE EVOLVED CYANIDE IS ABSORBED IN ALKALI AND SODIUM CYANIDE THUS FORMED IS QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINED BY MEASURING THE ABSORBANCE OF CHROMOPHORES FORMED BY INTERACTION OF THE CYANIDE ION WITH SUITABLE REAGENTS ... /ANOTHER/ PROCEDURE PRESENTS A SENISITIVE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CYANIDE IN BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENTS, BASED ON ITS CONVERSION TO CYANOGEN CHLORIDE USING CHLORAMINE-T. /TOTAL CYANIDE/|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CYANIDES IN BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS BASED UPON ITS CONVERSION TO CYANOGEN CHLORIDE USING CHLORAMINE-T (SODIUM P-TOLUENE SULFONCHLORAMIDE) IS DISCUSSED. /TOTAL CYANIDE/|Color reaction: Oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which reacts with cyanide to form cyanomethemoglobin. This compound has a characteristic red color and a characteristic absorption spectrum. /Total cyanide/