Sodium phenoxide

116.093

116.023811

205-347-3

4NC0T56V35

2905

DTXSID4027072

White, deliquescent crystals|Hygroscopic crystals

2907119000

23.06000

1.83040

Sodium phenolate, solid appears as a white to reddish colored solid in the form of crystalline rods. Used as an antiseptic and in organic synthesis.

0.898 g/cm³

59-60 °C

181.8ºC at 760 mmHg

28°C

Soluble in acetone

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

0.614mmHg at 25°C

Aqueous solution is caustic

Deliquescent|Decomposed by carbon dioxide in air|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

Decomposes in air. Soluble in water. In both cases, a corrosive alkaline solution forms that is a strong irritant to skin and eyes.

Phenolic Salts

Salts, basic, such as SODIUM PHENOLATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

The material and solutions are corrosive to metals.

III

8

3286

R34

S26-S36/37/39

C

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501

H314

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Phenol/

NIOSH; Criteria Document: Phenol p.65 (1976) DHEW Pub NIOSH 76-196|USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Phenol p.C-16-19 (1980) EPA 440/5-80-066

UN 3286

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)

|Danger|H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 43 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Not flammable or combustible

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Do not let product enter drains. Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Phenolates, liquid; Phenolates, solid/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Phenolates, liquid; Phenolates, solid/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Phenolates, liquid; Phenolates, solid/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Phenolates, liquid; Phenolates, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM PHENOLATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong irritant to skin and tissue.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Sodium phenate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

... ingestion of 140 mg/kg caused death.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Phenol is very toxic to fish and has a nearly unique quality of tainting the taste of fish if present in marine environments at 0.1-1.0 ppm. /Phenol/

Those affected with hepatic or kidney diseases should not be exposed to phenol for any length of time, because even intermittent exposure to vapors ... may become dangerous, particularly when ... handled at elevated temp. /Phenol/

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of sodium phenolate is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7152 workers (1339 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sodium phenolate in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to sodium phenolate may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sodium phenolate is produced or used. Use of sodium phenolate as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics(2) and in antiseptics(3) indicate that the general population may be exposed to sodium phenolate via dermal contact with this compound in consumer products containing sodium phenolate(SRC).

Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Disinfectants; Sclerosing Solutions; Sympatholytics|MEDICATION (VET): Antiseptic caustic. Topical anestheticin puritic skin conditions. Has been used internally and externally as an antiseptic.|MEDICATION (VET): Technical grade sodium phenolate solutions had disinfectant properties against foot-and-mouth-disease virus; however, 3-5% aqueous solutions had weak toxic effects for warm-blooded animals.|MEDICATION (Vet): Sodium phenolate (3, 12.5, 25, or 50% solutions, 50 mL) applied to the skin of chickens destroyed surface lice, mites, & bugs within 24 hr.

VET: Technical grade sodium phenolate solutions had disinfectant properties against foot-and-mouth-disease virus; however, 3-5% aqueous solutions had weak toxic effects for warm-blooded animals.

Ingestion of as little as 4.8 g of pure phenol caused death in 10 min. /Phenol/|... ingestion of 140 mg/kg caused death.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)|Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) (See all compounds classified as Disinfectants.)|Chemical agents injected into blood vessels and lymphatic sinuses to shrink or cause localized THROMBOSIS; FIBROSIS, and obliteration of the vessels. This treatment is applied in a number of conditions such as VARICOSE VEINS; HEMORRHOIDS; GASTRIC VARICES; ESOPHAGEAL VARICES; PEPTIC ULCER HEMORRHAGE. (See all compounds classified as Sclerosing Solutions.)

Phenol is absorbed by all routes of administration and can reach circulation even when applied to intact skin. /Phenol/|Renal excretion is principal route of elimination. In man 90% of non-toxic oral dose (0.01 mg/kg) of (14)C-labeled phenol was excreted in 24 hr, principally as sulfate (77% of the excreted label) and as glucuronide (16%), with small amounts of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of ... hydroquinone. With larger doses, free (unmetabolized) phenol can presumably be found in urine. /Phenol/|/From/ intermittent indust exposure (5-10 min/hr) ... /to/ avg phenol concentration ... /of 48 ppm/ urine sulfate ratios were 79.4 & 86.7%. /Phenol/|After absorption into body ... traces of "free" phenol are eliminated with feces and expired air. /Phenol/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SODIUM PHENOLATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A portion of absorbed drug is oxidized to hydroquinone and pyrocatechol. Phenol/|Phenols are subjected to oxidative metabolism leading to ortho- and para-hydroxylated products. These metabolites are then transformed into equimolar amounts of two conjugates, sulfates and glucuronides. /Phenols/|Metabolism in rabbits given a lethal dose of phenol (0.5 g/kg) resulted in: 47% oxidation to carbon dioxide and water plus traces of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene and ortho-dihydroxybenzene, 3% excreted in urine, 50% remaining in the carcass. Amounts were exhaled in air and excreted in the feces. Metabolism in rabbits given a sublethal dose of phenol (0.3 g/kg) resulted in: 23% oxidation to carbon dioxide and water plus traces of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene and ortho-dihydroxybenzene, 72% excreted in the urine, 4% remaining in the carcass, 1% excreted in the feces, and trace amounts exhaled in air. Urinary route resulted in either excretion as free phenol or as conjugate. Conjugation with sulfuric acid, glucuronic acid or other acids. /From table, Phenol/|In man, 90% of oral dose of phenol was excreted in 24 hr, mainly as phenylsulfate (77% of 24 hr excretion) & phenylglucuronide (16%), with very small amt of quinol sulfate & glucuronide. These metabolites were also excreted by rat, mouse, jerbon, gerbil, hamster, lemming & guinea pig. /Phenol/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phenols and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Do not use emetics. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Maintain body temperature. /Phenols and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam. ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Burning pain in mouth and throat. White necrotic lesions in mouth, esophagus and stomach. Abdominal pain, vomiting ... and bloody diarrhea. Pallor, sweating, weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus. Shock: Weak irregular pulse, hypotension, shallow respirations, cyanosis, pallor, and a profound fall in body temperature. Possibly fleeting excitement and confusion, followed by unconsciousness ... Stentorous breathing, mucous rales, rhonchi, frothing at nose and mouth and other signs of pulmonary edema are sometimes seen. Characteristic odor of phenol on the breath. Scanty, dark-colored ... urine ... moderately severe renal insufficiency may appear.Methemoglobinemia, Heinz body hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia have been reported ... Death from respiratory, circulatory or cardiac failure. If spilled on skin, pain is followed promptly by numbness. The skin becomes blanched, and a dry opaque eschar forms over the burn. When the eschar sloughs off, a brown stain remains. /Phenol/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Oral ingestion can result in mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal corrosion. Both oral ingestion and extensive application to the skin can cause systemic toxicity manifested by transient CNS stimulation followed by CNS and cardiovascular depression; death may result. /Phenol/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 14 mg/kg resulted in gastrointestinal effects, and ingestion of 140 mg/kg caused death.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Severe & fatal phenol poisonings have occurred after such superficial exposure as to suggest hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy. /Phenol/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM PHENOLATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Carbol

Phenol, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

EPA Method 8040: Phenols. /SRP: Phenolates on acid hydrolysis will produce free phenol, which can then be extracted and quantitated by standard methods for that cmpd./ For the detection of phenolic compounds, a representative sample (solid or liquid) is collected in a glass container equipped with a Teflon-lined cap. Care is taken to avoid sample contact with any plastic. Maximum sample holding time after extraction is 40 days. Samples are extracted using the appropriate techniques and are analyzed by gas chromatography using the solvent flush technique, with detection achieved with a flame ionization detector (FID). For the preparation of pentafluorobenzylbromide (PFB) derivatives, additional cleanup procedures for electron capture gas chromatography is provided. Under the prescribed conditions, Phenol has a detection limit of 2.2 ug/L, a limit for the standard deviation of four measurements of 14.1 ug/L, and a range of the average recovery of 32.4-100.0 ug/L. /Phenols/|EPA Method 8250: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Semivolatile Organics, Packed Column Technique. /SRP: Phenolates on acid hydrolysis will produce free phenol, which can then be extracted and quantitated by standard methods for that cmpd./ This gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method is used to determine the concentration of semivolatile organic compounds in extracts prepared from all types of solid waste matrices, soils, and ground water. The practical quantitation limit for determining an individual compound is approximately 1 mg/kg (wet weight) for soil/sediment samples, 1-200 mg/kg for wastes, and 10 ug/L for ground water samples. ... For base/neutral compound detection, a 2-m by 2-mm ID stainless or glass column packed with 3% SP-2250-DB on 100/120 mesh Supelcoport or equivalent is used. For acid compound detection, a 2-m by 2-mm ID glass column packed with 1% SP-1240-DA on 100/120 mesh Supelcoport or equivalent is used.|EPA Method 8270: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Semivolatile Organics, Capillary Column Technique. /SRP: Phenolates on acid hydrolysis will produce free phenol, which can then be extracted and quantitated by standard methods for that cmpd./ This gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method is used to determine the concentration of semivolatile organic compounds in extracts prepared from all types of solid waste matrices, soils, and ground water. The practical quantitation limit for determining an individual compound is approximately 1 mg/kg (wet weight) for soil/sediment samples, 1-200 mg/kg for wastes, and 10 ug/L for ground water. This method is applicable to quantify most neutral, acidic, and basic organic compounds that are soluble in methylene chloride, including the title compound, and are capable of being eluted without derivatization as sharp peaks from a gas chromatographic-fused silica capillary column coated with a slightly polar silicone (30-m by 0.25-mm ID (or 0.32-mm ID) 1-um film thickness silicon coated fused silica capillary column (J&W Scientific DB-5 or equivalent).|EPA Method 604: /SRP: Phenolates on acid hydrolysis will produce free phenol, which can then be extracted and quantitated by standard methods for that cmpd./ A gas chromatography method for the analysis of phenol in municipal and industrial discharges, consists of a glass column, 1.8 m x 2 mm ID, packed with Supelcoport (80/100 mesh) coated with 1% SP-1240DA, with flame ionization detection, and nitrogen as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 30 ml/min. A sample injection volume of 2 to 5 uL is suggested, the column injection temperature is 80 °C programmed immediately at 8 °C/min to a final temperature of 150 °C. This method has a detection limit of 2.2 ug/L and an overall precision of 0.17 times the average recovery + 0.77 over a working range of 12.0 to 450 ug/L.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM PHENOLATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SRP: Phenolates on acid hydrolysis will produce free phenol, which can then be extracted and quantitated by standard methods for that cmpd./ Analyte: Phenol; Matrix: urine; Procedure: Gas chromatography, flame ionization detector; Treatment: acid hydrolysis, extraction; Range: 2-300 ug phenol/mL urine, 2-500 ug p-cresol/mL urine; Controls: pooled urine from unexposed workers; Est LOD: 0.5 ug/mL urine; Recovery: 94% @ 15 ug phenol/mL urine, 95% @ 50 ug p-cresol/mL urine; Precision: 0.128, 0.091; Interferences: o-phenylphenol has GC retention times similar to phenol

Cosmetics -> Antimicrobial