Diphenylmethane

168.23

168.23

1904982

202-978-6

K3E387I0BC

4708

DTXSID1041891

Orthorhombic needles|Long, colorless needles|Liquid

29029090

0

4.1

Colorless to pale yellow Low Melting Solid

1.007 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

25.9 °C

264.5 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

>230 °F

n 20/D 1.577(lit.)

Soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform.

Store below +30°C.

<1 mm Hg ( 77 °C)

5.79 (vs air)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2250 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 5000 mg/kg

0.69-8.66%(V)

Odor of oranges

Henry's Law constant = 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

905 °F (485 °C)

41.2X10+3 kJ/kg at 20 °C

Critical temperature: 760 deg K; critical pressure: 2.71X10+6 Pa

III

9

UN3077

2

22

24/25-58-54-44-29

DA4976500

Xn

P273, P391, P501

H400

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

... Can react with oxidizing material.

|Warning|H400 (95.57%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]|P273, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1659 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

IN EVENT OF SPILLAGE OR LEAKAGE OF HOT FLUIDS, APPROVED CHEM CARTRIDGE RESPIRATORS OR MASKS SHOULD BE WORN FOR PROTECTION AGAINST VAPORS. SKIN CONTACT WITH TERPHENYLS AND POSSIBLY WITH DIPHENYL AND DERIVATIVES SHOULD BE AVOIDED BY PROPER HANDLING PROCEDURES. CONTAMINATED CLOTHING MUST BE LAUNDERED BEFORE USE. EYE PROTECTION SHOULD BE WORN IF EYE HAZARD EXISTS. /DIPHENYL & DERIVATIVES/

DIPHENYL AND ITS DERIVATIVES ARE MODERATELY FLAMMABLE ... DANGER OF FIRE IS NEGLIGIBLE @ AMBIENT TEMP BUT INCR @ HIGH TEMP, WHEN MATERIAL IS DISPERSED IN AIR. /DIPHENYL & DERIVATIVES/

/Use/ carbon dioxide /or/ dry chemical /to extinguish fire/.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the US EPA, 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (frequency of occurrence, median concentration in ppb): timber products (1; 70.9), paint and ink (3; 34.8), printing and publishing (1; 38.5), coal mining (2; 75.7), organics and plastics (10; 356.6), plastics and synthetics (1; 28.6), rubber processing (1; 207.1), pesticides manufacture (1; 281.4), pharmaceuticals (6; 204.7), explosives (2; 40.6), electronics (1; 43.8), oil and gas extraction (1; 43.8), organic chemicals (3; 1183.3), publicly owned treatment works (20; 18.2). The highest effluent concentration was 29,554 ppb in the paint and ink industry(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: A 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene concentration of 0.59 ng/cu m was detected in the ambient particulate material collected from the atmosphere near the highly industrialized Xigu District, Lanzhou China in March 2003(1).

1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has been found in fly ash from a municipal incinerator in Toronto, Ontario, Canada(1).|1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene was detected in fly ash from a municipal incinerator in Chicago, IL(1). 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has been identified as a combustion product of polyethylene(2). 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has been identified as a component in crude oils(3).

1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has been identified as a component in crude oils(1).

1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene's production and use in organic synthesis and dyes(1) and in the fragrance industry as both a fixative and scenting agent in soaps(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene is emitted from municipal incinerators in fly ash and may leach from the fly ash in landfills(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9160(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 8.61X10-3 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 14.1 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in soil. 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has been shown to biodegrade readily in river die-away tests(5) and in soil inoculum studies following acclimation(6). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in a 2-week Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9160(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 8.61X10-3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 14.1 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 13 hours and 8 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 116 days if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a measured BCF range of 452 to 1190 in catfish(8), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in water. 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has been shown to biodegrade readily in river die-away tests(9) and in soil inoculum studies following acclimation(10). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in a 2-week Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC) since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 8.21X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. However, monitoring data indicates that 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is found on particulate matter in the ambient atmosphere(3); the source of atmospheric particulate matter containing 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene may be fly ash from municipal incinerators(4,5). Vapor-phase 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(6). Particulate-phase 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has a UV absorption band that extends beyond 290 nm(7), therefore, it may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has a UV absorption band that extends beyond 290 nm(2), therefore, it may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). When irradiated as a thin film on water with simulated sunlight, 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene undergoes photooxidation to diphenylmethyl hydroperoxide, diphenylmethanol, and benzophenone(2); approximately 5.5% of benzophenone is formed after 24 hrs(2). 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). No degradation of 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene was observed after 10 days in sterile river water(4).

870.96|Using catfish which were exposed over an 8-week period to 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene concentrations of 0.01 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene BCF values were measured that ranged from 452 to 1190(1). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF range suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene can be estimated to be 9160(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is estimated as 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 8.21X10-3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 14.1 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 13 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 116 days if adsorption is considered(4). 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur, however, adsorption will attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene is used in perfumery and has an odor(5) suggesting evaporation to air can occur(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: 1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has been identified, but not quantified in drinking water(1). While 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene was reported in samples of drinking water from Poplarsville, MS, Cincinnati, OH, Philadephia, PA and Ottumwa, IA, it is suspected that it might have been an artifact associated with the resin used for collecting the sample(3). In a survey of 14 treated drinking water supplies of varied sources in England, 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene was detected in one supply which came from a potentially polluted groundwater supply(2). Samples of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada tap water taken in January and February, 1978 contained 1.4 and 2.8 ng/L of 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene, respectively(4).

1,1'-Methylenebisbenzene has been detected in the volatile component of baked potato(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is 100-999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 9,772 workers (7,127 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound in consumer products containing 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene such as soaps and detergents(SRC).

Urine and feces, and two-hour bile samples from adult male rats dosed with (14)C-diphenylmethane were analyzed for benzhydrol and 2- and 4-hydroxydiphenyl-methane by silica gel GF t.l.c. and (14)C-determination. Mean values of 48.4% and 17.7% of the administered (14)C were present in 24 hr urine and feces, respectively. Benzhydrol and 2- and 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane comprised 3.7%, 0.3% and 4.8% respectively of the (14)C isolated from urine and 3.1%, 0.8%, and 4.8% respectively of the (14)C isolated from feces. Bile samples (2 hr) contained 3.2% of the administered radioactivity. After treatment with beta-glucuronidase/aryl sulphatase, 71.9% of the recovered biliary radioactivity was identified as benzhydrol (37.5%) and 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane (34.4%).|CONVERSION OF DIPHENYLMETHANE TO P-HYDROXYDIPHENYLMETHANE WAS DEMONSTRATED IN RATS GIVEN 900 MG/KG IP; 24 HR URINE CONTAINED 0.37 MMOL OF UNCONJUGATED & 0.06 MMOL OF CONJUGATED P-HYDROXYDIPHENYLMETHANE. FECES CONTAINED 0.06 MMOL MIXT OF CONJUGATED & UNCONJUGATED.|DIPHENYLMETHANE WAS CONVERTED TO P-HYDROXYDIPHENYLMETHANE, DIPHENYLMETHANOL, & DIPHENYL KETONE BY RAT LIVER MICROSOMES.|A STRAIN OF HYDROGENOMONAS WAS ISOLATED BY ELECTIVE CULTURE IN A SOLN CONTAINING DIPHENYLMETHANE (DDT ANALOG) AS SOLE CARBON SOURCE. CONSTITUTIVE ENZYMES EFFECTED OXIDATION & FISSION OF ONE BENZENE RING OR DIPHENYLMETHANE, AND PHENYLACETIC ACID WAS FOUND AS A MAJOR DEGRADATION PRODUCT. SMALL AMOUNTS OF PHENYLGLYOXYLIC ACID & BENZOIC ACID WERE ALSO GENERATED.|Diphenylmethane is hydroxylated in the rabbit and some 15% of the dose is excreted as 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane, which is largely (80-90%) in the free state. Neither the hydrocarbon nor its metabolite is estrogenic. This reaction also occurs in the dog.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concn of 8% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ PROBABLE IRRITANT & CNS DEPRESSION HIGH CONCN.

diphenylmethane

Use in fragrances in the USA amounts to less than 4000 lb/yr. Concentration in final product (%): soap: usual 0.03, max 0.2; detergent: usual 0.005, max 0.05; creams, lotions: usual 0.01, max 0.1; perfume: usual 0.05, max 0.8.

Commercial diphenylmethane should be at least 97% pure. It must be free of halogens and have a minimum melting point of 24 °C.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Benzene, 1,1'-methylenebis-: ACTIVE

Analyte: Toluene; Matrix: air; Procedure: Gas chromatography, flame ionization detector; Desorption: 1 mL CS2, stand 30 min; Range: 1.13-4.51 mg; Precision: 0.011; Est LOD: 0.001-0.01 mg/samp; Interferences: high humidity, other volatile organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons) /Hydrocarbons, aromatic, Toluene/|Determination of 1,1'-methylenebisbenzene in fly-ash from municipal waste incinerators using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Cosmetics -> Solvent