Barium chloride

208.23300

207.84300

233-788-1

0614

146181

1564

DTXSID7044508

White orthorhombic crystals|White solid

2827392000

0

1.379

White crystalline powder

3.9 g/cm³

962 °C

1560 °C

H2O: soluble

Storage Room low temperature ventilation drying ,Separate storage with food additives

Low

Noncombustible Solid

Odorless

Colorless monoclinic; index of refraction: 1.7303, 1.7367, 1.7420; density: 3.856 at 24 °C; transition point to cubic at 962 °C; solubility: 37.5 g/100 cc water at 26 °C & 59 g/100 cc water at 100 °C; slightly sol in hydrochloric acid & nitric acid; very slightly sol in alcohol. /alpha-Barium chloride/|Colorless cubic; density: 3.917; MP: 963 °C; very slightly sol in alcohol. /beta-Barium chloride/|White monoclinic crystals; density: 3.097; MP: approximately 120 °C (decomposes); solubility: 37.0 g/100 g water at 25 °C; insoluble in ethanol /Barium chloride dihydrate/|Crystals or granules or powder; bitter salty taste; soluble in methanol; almost insoluble in ethanol, acetone, ethylacetate /Barium chloride dihydrate/|Heat of formation: -855.0 kJ/mol; Gibbs energy of formation: -806.7 kJ/mol; molar entropy: 123.7 J/mol-K; molar heat capacity: 75.1 J/mol-K|Heat of formation: -1456.9 kJ/mol; Gibbs energy of formation: -1293.2 kJ/mol; molar entropy: 203.0 J/mol-K /Barium chloride dihydrate/|Anhydrous barium chloride readily forms lower melting eutectics with alkali chlorides. Monohydrate of barium chloride may be formed by shaking the dihydrate with methanol.

Water soluble.

Non-Redox-Active Inorganic Compounds

BARIUM CHLORIDE may react violently with BrF3 and 2-Furan percarboxylic acid in its anhydrous form. (NTP, 1992)

Noncombustible Solid

III

6.1

UN 1564

1

R20; R25

S45

CQ8750000

T

Separated from food and feedstuffs.

Stable.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310

H290-H315-H318

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|... Ion exchange, lime softening and reverse osmosis are effective to remove barium from drinking water. Conventional coagulation/filtration processes are not effective to remove barium from drinking water. /Barium ion/|Package lots. Place in a separate labeled container for recycling or disposal. Small quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Avoid breathing dust. Dissolve the barium salt in the minimum volume of water. For each gram of barium salt, add 15 mL of 10% sodium sulfate solution. Let stand for 1 week. Test for completeness of precipitation by adding a few drops of 10% sodium sulfate solution. If required, add more sodium sulfate solution until no further precipitation occurs. Decant supernatant liquid or filter solid. Treat solid as normal refuse. Wash liquid into drain. /Barium salt/

Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks barium chloride.|Acids, oxidizers.|Furan-2-percarboxylic acid explodes when heated to 30 to 40 °C, or at room temperature upon addition of barium chloride.

The flash point of this chemical has not been determined, but it is probably not flammable. (NTP, 1992)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P321, P330, P405, and P501|H301 (99.89%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P337+P313, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 887 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P307+P311, P309+P311, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. (NIOSH, 2016)|Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with barium chloride ... or liq containing ... /this/ cmpd. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use dust and splash proof safety goggles where barium chloride ... or liq containing ... /this/ cmpd may contact the eyes.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 5 mg/cu m: [Table#4093]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Barium chloride (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Not combustible.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.|Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.|Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.|Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.|The sulfate may be brushed up and treated as normal refuse. Soluble barium salts should be scooped up and treated as for waste disposal. Wash the spill area thoroughly with water. /Soluble barium salts/|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Barium chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Barium chloride (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Barium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Barium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Barium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Barium compound, NOS/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Barium chloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract.|Soluble barium compounds may cause local irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and skin. /Soluble barium cmpd (as barium)/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.5 mg/cu m /Barium chloride (as Ba)/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. Exposure could cause hypokalaemia. This may result in cardiac disorders and muscular disorders. Exposure could cause death.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

D005; A waste containing barium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Barium/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Barium/

D005; A solid waste containing barium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Barium/

Fifteen of 20 Wistar albino rats were treated with various doses of ... piperazine citrate (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg body weight). All 20 rats were subsequently given barium chloride, 20 mg/kg. The 5 rats (25%) that did not receive piperazine citrate developed ventricular fibrillations after barium chloride was administered to them, via one of the external jugular veins, and died shortly thereafter. The remaining 75% of the rats were fully protected by all the doses of piperazine citrate employed for the study. Barium chloride did not produce any dysrhythmic phenomenon in the piperazine-protected rats. Conversely, sinus rhythm was maintained in the electrocardiogram of all the rats, with every P wave followed by a normal QRS-T complex...|Experiments with mice indicated that atropine significantly antagonized antinociception and death induced by intracerebroventricular injection of barium chloride.

Ingestion of 0.8 g may be fatal.

LD50 ICR Mouse intravenous 19.2 mg/kg (as barium(2+))|LD50 Rat intraperitoneal approx 24 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse intracerebroventricular 2.4 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 150 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Barium chloride (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Toxicology and carcinogenicity studies were conducted by administering barium chloride dihydrate (99% pure) in drinking water to F344/N rats and B6C3Fl mice for ... 2 years ... 2 YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 60 males and 60 females received barium chloride dihydrate in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 500, 1,250, or 2,500 ppm for 104 (males) or 105 weeks (females), corresponding to average daily doses of 15, 30, or 60 mg barium/kg body weight for males and 15, 45, or 75 mg barium/kg body weight for females. The high dose of 2,500 ppm was selected based on decreased final mean body weights, mortality, decreased water consumption, and chemical related kidney lesions observed in the 4,000 ppm groups in the 13 week study. 2 YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 60 males and 60 females received barium chloride dihydrate in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 500, 1,250, or 2,500 ppm for 103 (males) or 104 weeks (females), corresponding to average daily doses of 30, 75, or 160 mg barium/kg body weight for males and 40, 90, or 200 mg barium/kg body weight for females. The high dose of 2,500 ppm was selected based on decreased final mean body weights, mortality, decreased water consumption, and chemical-related kidney lesions observed in the 4,000 ppm groups in the 13 week study. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2 year drinking water studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of barium chloride dihydrate in male or female F344/N rats that received 500, 1,250, or 2,500 ppm. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of barium chloride dihydrate in male or female B6C3F1 mice that received 500, 1,250, or 2,500 ppm. /Barium chloride dihydrate/

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 57,997 workers (15,249 of these were female) were potentially exposed to barium chloride in the US(1).

FORMER USE: ... For symptomatic therapy of Stokes-Adams attacks is obsolete.|MEDICATION (VET): Barium chloride has been used in treatment of impaction in horse. IV injection of 0.5 g results in drastic purgation. Its use is not recommended because of great danger of producing fatal cardiac block. /Former/|MEDICATION (VET): Formerly used ... ruminatoric in cattle|Radioactive compound as experimental bone scanning agent.|... Formerly used in treating complete heart block. ... The usual dose was 30 mg three or four times a day or about 1.7 mg/kg/day. Use of the drug was abandoned, largely because of its toxicity. /Former/

... Toxic dose of barium chloride ... /was given/ as 0.2-0.5 g and lethal dose 2.4 g.|Fatal dose of barium chloride for man has been reported to be about 0.8-0.9 g or 550-600 mg of barium.

Barium forms a protein adduct in serum and is deposited in bone up to 65%. ... Barium chloride is being taken up ... by oral ingestion up to 10-30%.|Nasal absorption of 133-barium chloride was estimated at 60-80% of the dose at 4 hr after dosing, and alveolar absorption may be of similar magnitude.|... In hamsters receiving (133)barium chloride by intragastric intubation, absorption was 11-32% of the dose ... .|When 133-Barium was injected IM into hind leg of rats for scintigraphy, barium chloride dissolved rapidly, leaving injection site within 3 days.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Barium chloride (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The in vivo solubility in rats of barium chloride, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, and barium fused in clay /was studied/. The chloride and the carbonate disappeared rapidly from the injection site. The sulfate dissolved more slowly; a half-life of 26 days was calculated. The fused clay was largely retained, the half-life being calculated as 1390 days.

... Barium chloride found use in medicine because of its digitalis-like activity on the heart muscle and its neural transmission system. Its effect are tonic contractions of the muscles (heart, uterus).|Barium stimulates striated, cardiac, and smooth muscle, regardless of innervation. It is antagonistic to all muscle depressants, no matter whether they act primarily on nerve or muscle. Initial stimulation of contraction leads to vasoconstriction through direct action on arterial muscle, peristalsis through action on smooth muscle, tremors and cramps through action on the skeletal muscles, and various arrhythmias through action on the heart. If the dose is sufficient, stimulation is followed by weakness and eventually by paralysis of the different kinds of muscle. Some effects such as hypertension, violent tremors, and convulsions are uncommon following ingestion of barium carbonate. They are more likely to follow absorption of more soluble barium compounds. If death does occur, it is caused by failure of muscular contraction leading to respiratory failure or cardiovascular collapse.|Accidental or intentional ingestion of soluble barium salts (e.g., barium carbonate, barium chloride) produces hypokalemia and acute hypertension. Systemic effects of acute barium toxicity include vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac arrhythmia, muscular paralysis, and death. The acute pathophysiological effects of barium are linked with two modes of action: direct muscular stimulation (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth), and hypokalemia. The latter effect is associated with the ability of the barium ion to block potassium (K+) channels and interfere with passive K+ diffusion.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; skin burns; gastroenteritis; muscle spasm; slow pulse, extrasystoles; hypokalemia Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, heart, central nervous system (NIOSH, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/Acute effects from iv injections of barium chloride to dogs/ ... were due to prompt and substantial hypokalemia and could be prevented or reversed by potassium administration.|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Barium and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Barium and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Barium and Related Compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... 1.5 L/day of distilled drinking water containing various levels of barium chloride /was administered/ to 11 healthy male volunteers aged 27-61 years (mean 39.5 years, median 41 years). None of the subjects was taking any medications, and none had hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Barium concentrations in the drinking water consumed by the subjects prior to the study were known to be very low. No barium was added for the first 2 weeks, which served as a control period; drinking water containing 5 mg barium/L (0.14 mg barium/kg bw/day using reference values of 2 L/day for water consumption and 70 kg for body weight) was administered for the next 4 weeks, and drinking water containing 10 mg barium/L (0.21 mg barium/kg bw/day) was administered for the last 4 weeks of the study. Diets were controlled to mimic US dietary practices (barium content of the diet was not determined, but /it was/ mentioned that a typical hospital diet provides 0.75 mg barium/day, or 0.011 mg barium/kg bw/day using a 70 kg reference weight). All beverages and food were provided, and subjects were instructed to consume only what was provided. The subjects were also instructed to keep their level of exercise constant and to abstain from alcohol, and smokers were told to smoke consistently throughout the study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured in the morning and evening. Blood was collected at the beginning and periodically, particularly as four consecutive daily samples at the end of each of the three study periods. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were performed at the end of each study period. Twenty-four-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was performed on 2 consecutive days at the end of each study period. Blood pressures were not significantly affected by barium exposure. A trend towards increased total serum calcium with barium exposure was noted but was not considered to be clinically significant. No significant changes were observed in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL:HDL ratio, and apolipoproteins A1, A2, and B. Serum glucose, albumin, and potassium levels and urinary levels of sodium, potassium, or metanephrines (catecholamine breakdown products) were unchanged. Electrocardiograms revealed no changes in cardiac cycle intervals, including the QT interval; /it was/ noted that the lack of shortening of the QT interval provided evidence that the slight increase in serum calcium was not clinically significant. In addition, no significant arrhythmias, no increase in ventricular irritability, and no apparent conduction problems were seen with barium exposure. This study did not identify a LOAEL; the NOAEL is 0.21 mg barium/kg bw/day.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Accidental inhalation of soluble barium chloride used in manufacturing can result in profound hypokalemia, caused by inactivation of the passive potassium channels in the muscle cell membrane, thereby blocking efflux of intracellular potassium. Because activity of the adenosine triphosphatase sodium-potassium pump (Na+-K+-ATPase) is unchanged and continues to exchange sodium and potassium, potassium thus is trapped intracellularly. The typical clinical manifestation is gastrointestinal hypermotility, rapidly followed by areflexia, flaccid paralysis, and respiratory failure. Laboratory findings include severe hypokalemia.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ There are a number of reports of serious health effects in individuals intentionally or accidentally exposed to barium ... chloride. The predominant effect is hypokalemia, which can result in ventricular tachycardia, hypertension and/or hypotension, muscle weakness, and paralysis ... In addition to the effects associated with hypokalemia, gastrointestinal effects such as vomiting, abdominal cramps, and watery diarrhea are typically reported shortly after ingestion.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The substance is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. Exposure could cause hypokalemia, resulting in cardiac disorders and muscular disorders. Exposure may result in death.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Barium chloride (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

BaCl2

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; skin burns; gastroenteritis; muscle spasm; slow pulse, extrasystoles; hypokalemia

Cough. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, heart, central nervous system

ACS reagent grade|99.999% purity grade; -60 mesh, 99.9% purity grade; ACS reagent crystal grade|Grade: Technical (crystals or powdered), 99% crystals, powdered, chemically pure

Fabricated metal product manufacturing|Barium chloride (BaCl2): ACTIVE|Barium chloride is produced commercially as barium chloride dihydrate ... and also as the anhydrous salt.