Cyanuric acid

129.07

129.07

126982

211-620-8

H497R4QKTZ

1313

6284

DTXSID7024873

White crystalline solid|CRYSTALLINE POWDER

29336980

87.3

-1.2

White to light beige Crystalline Powder or Lumps

2.500 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

360 °C

155-158 °C

433.6±28.2 °C

1.4500 (estimate)

H2O: 0.3 g/100mL (25 ºC);soluble in sulfuric acid, dimethylformamide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and diemthyl sulfoxide. Slightly soluble in acetone, benzene, diethyl ether, ethanol and hexane. Insoluble in cold methanol, benzene and chloroform.

0-6°C

Vapour pressure, Pa at 25°C:

LD50 orally in rats: >5.00 g/kg (Canelli)

Odorless

Slightly bitter

pH of saturated aqueous solution @ room temperature = 4.8

Henry's Law constant = 8.74X10-15 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa1 = 6.88; pKa2 = 11.40; pKa3 = 13.5

SOL IN PYRIDINE; INSOL IN ACETIC ACID; MAX ABSORPTION (WATER PH= 8): 214 NM (LOG E= 4.01); DENSITY: 1.768 @ 0 °C; SADTLER REFERENCE NUMBER: 7027 (IR, PRISM) /DIHYDRATE/|1 MG/L= 189 PPM; 1 PPM= 5.28 MG/CU M; TENDS TO FORM SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS|Forms dihydrate in aqueous solution; crystalizes as colorless monoclinic prisms that efforesce in dry air. Predominant tautomeric form in solid state and solution is keto form, isocyanuric acid; in basic solutions the enol form is more stable.|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.0X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Soluble in hot water [Hawley].

Amides and Imides

An amide and amine. Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generate mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

UN 3389 6.1/PG 1

3

36-36/37/38

26-37/39

XZ1800000

Xi

Dry. Well closed. Separated from chlorine.

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501

H315

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Reacts with chlorine causing explosion hazard.|Violent reaction with ethanol.

Hammond BG et al; Environ Health Perspect 69: 287-92 (1986). Chlorinated cyanurates are added to swimming pools as disinfectants. In the presence of water, these materials hydrolyze to yield cyanurate and hypochlorous acid. To evaluate the safety of exposure to these materials, a comprehensive testing program was undertaken. This review summarizes the results of the acute, subchronic, reproduction, metabolism, mutagenesis, and carcinogenicity tests on cyanurate are also summarized. Results from these tests indicate that chlorinated isocyanurates are safe for use in swimming pools.

Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H315 (30.67%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 177 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store it in a freezer. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Local exhaust or breathing protection. Protective gloves. Safety goggles, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Water spray, alcohol resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Alkali and thermal treatment in filtration and precipitation was used to remove cyanuric acid from wastewaters.|Dissolved cyanurate salts are removed from water by treatment with an aq soln of sodium hypochlorite, whereby most of the cyanurate is converted to nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and sodium chloride. The treatment is carried out at pH 9.0-10.0 and 25 deg to 55 °C, the contact time being 2-6 hr. The mol ratio of sodium hypochlorite and cyanurate is kept between 6:1 and 8:1.|SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IS USED IN REMOVAL OF CYANURATES FROM WASTE STREAMS.

Impervious protective clothing must be used whenever skin contact is likely. Contaminated work clothing can be cleaned at the facility or sent outside to a contract industrial laundry that has been informed of the potential hazards. Routine washing of hands, face and neck prior to breaks or lunch must be emphasized. Daily showers at the end of the work shift are required. Showers should be immediate for unplanned situations in which overt overexposures can occur such as spills or leaks.

The substance irritates the respiratory tract and the eyes.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Dry. Well closed. Separated from chlorine.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Cyanuric acid is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

The major pet food recall associated with acute renal failure in dogs and cats focused initially on melamine as the suspect toxicant. In the course of the investigation, cyanuric acid was identified in addition to melamine in the offending food. The purpose of this study was to characterize the toxicity potential of melamine, cyanuric acid, and a combination of melamine and cyanuric acid in cats. In this pilot study, melamine was added to the diet of 2 cats at 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Cyanuric acid was added to the diet of 1 cat at increasing doses of 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% over the course of 10 days. Melamine and cyanuric acid were administered together at 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% to 1 cat per dose group. No effect on renal function was observed in cats fed with melamine or cyanuric acid alone. Cats dosed with a combination were euthanized at 48 hours after dosing because of acute renal failure. Urine and touch impressions of kidneys from all cats dosed with the combination revealed the presence of fan-shaped, birefringent crystals. Histopathologic findings were limited to the kidneys and included crystals primarily within tubules of the distal nephron, severe renal interstitial edema, and hemorrhage at the corticomedullary junction. The kidneys contained estimated melamine concentrations of 496 to 734 mg/kg wet weight and estimated cyanuric acid concentrations of 487 to 690 mg/kg wet weight. The results demonstrate that the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid is responsible for acute renal failure in cats.

LD50 Rat, Sprague-Dawley (male & female) oral >5000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rabbit, New Zealand White (male & female) dermal >5000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat oral 7700 mg/kg bw.|LD50 Cat iv 2144 mg/kg bw. /Sodium isocyanurate/|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for CYANURIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/PLANTS/ Very toxic to certain types of barley and radishes..

Cyanuric acid's production and use as a convenient lab source of cyanic acid gas, in the preparation of melamine, sponge rubber, herbicides, dyes resins, antimicrobial agents and as a stabilizer and disinfectant in swimming pool water(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former use as a herbicide(2) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,593 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyanuric acid is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of cyanuric acid is 6.88(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of cyanuric acid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.74X10-15 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(6). Cyanuric acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.4X10-11 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(7). Cyanuric acid biodegrades readily under a wide variety of natural conditions, and particularly well in systems of either low or zero dissolved- oxygen levels, such as anaerobic activated sludge and sewage, soils, muds, and muddy streams and river waters, as well as ordinary aerated activated sludge systems with typically low (1 to 3 ppm) dissolved-oxygen levels(8).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,593 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyanuric acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-15 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of <0.5(6), suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Cyanuric acid biodegrades readily under a wide variety of natural conditions, and particularly well in systems of either low or zero dissolved- oxygen levels, such as anaerobic activated sludge and sewage, soils, muds, and muddy streams and river waters, as well as ordinary aerated activated sludge systems with typically low (1 to 3 ppm) dissolved-oxygen levels(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyanuric acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.4X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase cyanuric acid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Cyanuric acid does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Cyanuric acid does not react with hydroxyl radicals, the observed second-order rate constant being <2X10-7 L mol-1 s-1(1). The compound is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Cyanuric acid does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

0.50|BCF values of <0.1 and <0.5 were derived for cyanuric acid at concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/L, respectively, and using orange-red killifish (Oryzias latipes) which were exposed over an 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF range suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of cyanuric acid is estimated as 58(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,593 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyanuric acid is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of cyanuric acid is 6.88(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for cyanuric acid is estimated as 8.7X10-15 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that cyanuric acid is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Cyanuric acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.4X10-11 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE AT THE MANUFACTURING LEVEL IS NOT VERY EXTENSIVE...|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,933 workers (1,003 of these are female) are potentially exposed to cyanuric acid in the US(1). Occupational exposure to cyanuric acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyanuric acid is produced or used(SRC). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to cyanuric acid via dermal contact with consumer products containing this compound(SRC).

Cyanuric acid, when given to rats, was rapidly excreted in an unchanged form.

(14)C-Labeled cyanuric acid...liberated 13.2 & 7.9% of absorbed radioactivity as (14)CO2 from corn & alfalfa, respectively /after an uptake period lasting from 4 days to 2 wk followed by a depletion period of up to 6 wk. The mechanism involved is triazine ring cleavage./|Approx 90% of the administered dose is reported to be excreted in urine within 12 hr and 99% of this is identified as cyanuric acid.

Ammelide, 1% Max

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include, local irritation of the eyes. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Highly toxic. Hazardous decomposition products. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

cyanuric acid

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

World capacity for cyanuric acid is estimated to be 80 000 t/a (1997), more than 90% of which is used to make N-chlorinated isocyanurates

Cyanuric acid is available as solid in powdered form or mainly in coarse granular form, > or = to 85% 10 - 100 mesh.|Coarse granulation, minimum of ca 85% 0.14-2 mm (-10 to 100 mesh). Typical commercial products containing greater than 98.5% cyanuric acid

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione: ACTIVE|/ITS CHLORINATED DERIV/...EMPLOYED...IN FORM OF THEIR SODIUM OR POTASSIUM SALTS AS BLEACHING & SANITIZING AGENTS, IN COMPETITION WITH INORG HYPOCHLORITES. WHEN CHLOROCYANURIC COMPD RELEASE THEIR CHLORINE, CYANURIC ACID REMAINS.|Cyanuric acid 5-80 is a component of a water disinfectant.|Majority of cyanuric acid produced is converted to N-chloro- or N-alkylated isocyanurates|Pyrolysis of urea produces crude cyanuric acid containing 20-30% impurities. Purified cyanuric acid (greater than 98% purity) is produced by digesting the entire body of crude product in 15-20% sulfuric acid

The presence of cyanuric acid in swimming pool waters is determined by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography.|A sample of high-performance liquid chromatography column effluent is used for mass spectrometric confirmation by a solid probe insert procedure. The limits of detection are approx 0.05 mug/ml for urine and 0.1 mug/ml for swimming pool water.|Cyanuric acid was one of 17 compounds examined by high-pressure liquid chromatography in aq solution.|Method: NIOSH 5030, Issue 2; Procedure: high performance liquid chromatography with ultra violet detection; Analyte: cyanuric acid; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.3 ug/sample.