Monopotassium phosphate

136.09

135.932770

231-913-4

4J9FJ0HL51

1608

DTXSID0035667

Colorless crystals or white granular powder|White tetragonal crystals

28352400

80.6

-0.49040

White transparent powder

2.34 g/cm³

253 °C

158ºC at 760 mmHg

Index of refraction: 1.5093, 1.4682, both at 589 nm

H2O: 222 g/L (20 ºC)

Store at RT.

LD50 skin in rabbit: > 4640mg/kg

Odorless

Between 4,2 and 4,8 (1 % solution)

Permanent in air. At 400 °C loses water, forming metaphosphate|pH = 4.5 (1% aqueous solution). Forms ferroelectric crystals (Critical temperature = -151 °C)|At ordinary temperatures, monopotassium phosphate is so far above its Curie point as to give piezoelectric effects in which the emf is proportional to the distorting force. There is virtually no hysteresis.|Curie point: 123 K; Spontaneous polarization: 4.7 uC/cu cm at 110 K

Critical temperature = -151 °C

3260

2

36/38-35-22

24/25-45-36/37/39-26

TC6615500

F,T,C,Xi,Xn

Separated from strong bases.

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl potassium phosphate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.|Potassium phosphates (mono, di, and tribasic) are indirect food additives for use only as components of adhesives.

WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Not Classified

Engineering controls such as exhaust ventilation are recommended.|When working with small quantities in a well-ventilated area, respiratory protection may not be required. The use of an approved dust mask is recommended.

Water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam as appropriate for surrounding fire and materials.|As with all fires, evacuate personnel to a safe area. Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and protective clothing.

Wear approved respiratory protection, chemically compatible gloves and protective clothing. Wipe up spillage or collect spillage using high efficiency vacuum cleaner. Avoid breathing dust. Place spillage in appropriately labeled container for disposal. Wash spill site.

As a general rule, when handling USP Reference standards avoid all contact and inhalation of dust, mist and or vapors associated with the material. Wash thoroughly after handling.|This material is assumed to be combustible. As with all dry powders it is advisable to ground mechanical equipment in contact with dry material to dissipate the potential build up of static electricity.|/Wear/ chemically compatible gloves, safety glasses or goggles and protect exposed skin.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

Separated from strong bases.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Use ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Rabbit : LD50 >4640mg/kg (skin) Rat : LdLo : 4640mg/kg (Oral)

Potassium supplements should not be administered to patients receiving potassium-sparing drugs such as amiloride, spironolactone, and triamterene. /Potassium Supplements/|Concurrent use with potassium and sodium phosphates combination or monobasic potassium phosphate may increase plasma concentrations of salicylates since salicylate excretion is decreased in acidified urine; addition of these phosphates to patients stabilized on a salicylate may lead to toxic salicylate concentrations.|Concurrent use with foods or medicines containing phosphates will decrease iron absorption because of the formation of less soluble or insoluble complexes; iron supplements should not be taken within 1 hour before or 2 hours after ingestion of phosphates. /Phosphates/|Use of potassium phosphates injection in digitalized patients with severe or complete heart block is not recommended because of possible hyperkalemia. /Phosphates/|For more Interactions (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Mouse oral 2820 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat oral 3200 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse oral about 1700 mg/kg bw

Potassium supplements are contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment with oliguria, anuria, or azotemia; untreated chronic adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison';s disease); the hyperkalemic form of familial periodic paralysis or other hyperkalemias; acute dehydration; heat cramps; or extensive tissue breakdown such as severe burns. /Potassium Supplements/

In healthy adults, plasma potassium concentrations generally range from 3.5-5 mEq/L. Plasma concentrations up to 7.7 mEq/L may be normal in neonates.

Monopotassium dihydrogenphosphate sorption was measured on soil and peat with the following results: 440 ug/g (Sceptre soil; 4.5% organic matter; 49% clay); 440 ug/g Melfort soil; 10% organic matter; 46% clay); 375 ug/g (Saskatchewan peat; characteristics not specified)(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Used in buffers (determination of pH, pharmaceutical production, urinary acidifier, paper processing, baking powder, and food), nutrient solutions, yeast foods, special liquid fertilizers, sonar systems and other electronic applications; Used as a nutritional supplement in foods, a nonlinear optical material for laser use, and in wastewater treatment;

The solution is intended to provide phosphate ion, (PO4-3) for addition to large volume infusion fluids for intravenous use. Potassium Phosphates Injection, USP, 3 mM P/mL, is indicated as a source of phosphorus, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids, to prevent or correct hypophosphatemia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. It is also useful as an additive for preparing specific intravenous fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions. The concomitant amount of potassium (4.4 mEq/mL) must be calculated into total electrolyte content of such prepared solutions.|Urinary acidification by potassium and sodium phosphates combination and monobasic potassium phosphate augments the efficacy of methenamine mandelate and methenamine hippurate, which are dependent upon an acid medium for antibacterial activity. Phosphates eliminate the odor, rash, and turbidity present with ammoniacal urine associated with urinary tract infections. However, use of phosphates for urea splitting urinary tract infections may predispose to struvite stones that form in alkaline urine. /Included in US product labeling/|Potassium and sodium phosphates combination and monobasic potassium phosphate have been used to reduce urinary calcium concentration and help prevent precipitation of calcium deposits in the urinary tract. /Included in US product labeling/|At the renal distal tubule, the secretion of hydrogen by the tubular cell in exchange for sodium in the tubular urine converts dibasic phosphate salts to monobasic phosphate salts. Therefore, large amounts of acid can be excreted without lowering the pH of the urine to a degree that would block hydrogen transport by a high concentration gradient between the tubular cell and luminal fluid. /Phosphates/|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Potassium Phosphates Injection is contraindicated in diseases where high potassium, high phosphorus or low calcium levels may be encountered.|Hypophosphatemia should be avoided during periods of total parenteral nutrition, or other lengthy periods of intravenous infusions. Serum phosphorus levels should be regularly monitored, and appropriate amounts of phosphorus should be added to the infusions to maintain normal serum phosphorus levels. Intravenous infusion of inorganic phosphorus may be accompanied by a decrease in the serum level and urinary excretion of calcium. The normal level of serum inorganic phosphorus is 3.0 to 4.5 mg/dL in adults and 4.0 to 7.0 mg/dL in children.|To avoid potassium or phosphorus intoxication, infuse solutions containing potassium phosphates slowly. In patients with severe renal or adrenal insufficiency, administration of Potassium Phosphates Injection may cause potassium intoxication. Infusing high concentrations of phosphorus may cause hypocalcemia, and calcium levels should be monitored.|Solutions which contain potassium ions should be used with great care if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is present.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Potassium is the major cation of intracellular fluid and is essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrodynamic characteristics of the cell. Potassium is an important activator in many enzymatic reactions and is essential to a number of physiologic processes including transmission of nerve impulses; contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles; gastric secretion; renal function; tissue synthesis; and carbohydrate metabolism. Phosphate is a major intracellular anion that participates in providing energy for metabolism of substrates and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions.

Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) (See all compounds classified as Cariostatic Agents.)|A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer. (See all compounds classified as Buffers.)

Potassium salts are well absorbed from the GI tract. Ingested phosphates are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the presence of large amounts of calcium or aluminum may lead to formation of insoluble phosphate and reduce the net absorption. Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption.|Renal (90%) and fecal (10%) Phosphates Potassium is excreted mainly by the kidneys. Small amounts of potassium may be excreted via the skin and intestinal tract, but most of the potassium excreted into the intestine is later reabsorbed.|Potassium first enters the extracellular fluid and is then actively transported into the cells where its concentration is up to 40 times that outside the cell. Dextrose, insulin, and oxygen facilitate movement of potassium into cells.|Phosphates are rapidly cleared by dialysis. Dialysis can also be used to treat other electrolyte abnormalities such as hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia.|Intravenously infused phosphorus not taken up by the tissues is excreted almost entirely in the urine.|Potassium salts are well absorbed from the GI tract. ... Potassium first enters the extracellular fluid and is then actively transported into the cells where its concentration is up to 40 times that outside the cell. Dextrose, insulin, and oxygen facilitate movement of potassium into cells. In healthy adults, plasma potassium concentrations generally range from 3.5-5 mEq/L. Plasma concentrations up to 7.7 mEq/L may be normal in neonates. ... Potassium is excreted mainly by the kidneys. The cation is filtered by the glomeruli, reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, and secreted in the distal tubule, the site of sodium-potassium exchange. Tubular secretion of potassium is also influenced by chloride ion concentration, hydrogen ion exchange, acid-base equilibrium, and adrenal hormones. Healthy patients on potassium-free diets usually excrete 40-50 mEq of potassium daily. ... Small amounts of potassium may be excreted via the skin and intestinal tract, but most of the potassium excreted into the intestine is later reabsorbed. /Potassium Supplements/|More than 90% of plasma phosphate is freely filtered at the glomerulus, and 80% is actively reabsorbed, predominatly in the initial segment of the proximal convoluted tubule but also in th e proximal straight tubule (pars recta). ... Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases urinary phosphate excretion by blocking phosphate absorption. Expansion of plasma volume increases urinary phosphate excretion. /Phosphate/|Transport of phosphate from the intestinal lumen is an active, energy-dependent process ... In adults, about two-thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed and is excreted almost entirely into the urine. In growing children, phosphate balance is positive, and plasma concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. /Phosphates/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In healthy children with phosphate overdose, half-life was 4.8 to 10.6 hours, and was prolonged to 17 hours in a child with renal insufficiency.

hosphorus has a number of important functions in the biochemistry of the body. The bulk of the body's phosphorus is located in the bones, where it plays a key role in osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities. Enzymatically catalyzed phosphate-transfer reactions are numerous and vital in the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein, and a proper concentration of the anion is of primary importance in assuring an orderly biochemical sequence. ln addition, phosphorus plays an important role in modifying steady-state tissue concentrations of calcium. Phosphate ions are important buffers of the intracellular fluid, and also play a primary role in the renal excretion of the hydrogen ion. Oral administration of inorganic phosphates increases serum phosphate levels. Phosphates lower urinary calcium levels in idiopathic hypercalciuria.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The bioavailability and clinical effects of potassium phosphate monobasic and potassium phosphate dibasic were tested in 16 parenterally fed low birth weight infants at standard (n=8) and high levels (n=8) of mineral intakes using a constant infusion of macronutrients and vitamin D in a crossover design of 2 four-day periods. With standard intakes of calcium (35 mg/kg/day) and phosphorus (30 mg/kg/day) there was no difference between the monobasic and dibasic regimens on balance data or plasma biochemical monitoring. With the use of the monobasic regimen, the mineral intakes were doubled without precipitation in the infusate. This led to increased apparent retention of both calcium and phosphorus compared with that for standard levels of mineral intake. The improvement in calcium-phosphorus balance was accompanied by more severe calciuria and by metabolic compensation for an increased acid load. In addition to the possibility of exceeding the buffering capacity of the infant, this relative acidosis could also be evidence of improved bone mineralization.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The effects of intravenous administration of potassium phosphate in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis were studied in nine children, ages 9 9/12 to 17 10/12 yr. During phosphate infusion (20--40 mEq/L of fluid), all children maintained normal serum concentrations of phosphorus. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in six and transient hypomagnesemia in five patients. One child developed carpopedal spasms refractory to intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate but responsive to intramuscular injection of magnesium sulfate. In three patients, serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone were low at the time of hypocalcemia, an observation that suggests transient hypoparathyroidism. This study indicates that the use of potassium phosphate as the sole source of potassium replacement might potentiate ketoacidosis-induced hypocalcemia through multiple mechanisms.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Adverse reactions involve the possibility of combined potassium and phosphorus intoxication from overdosage. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, flaccid paralysis, listlessness, mental confusion, weakness and heaviness of the legs, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic abnormalities such as disappearance of P waves, spreading and slurring of the QRS complex with development of a biphasic curve and cardiac arrest. Phosphorus intoxication results in a reduction of serum calcium, and the symptoms are those of hypocalcemic tetany.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /In potassium poisoning/ respirations are initially accelerated but skeletal muscle weakness may advance to stage of paralysis. /Potassium salts/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

dipotassium hydrogen phosphate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Cough.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Injection, 4.4 mEq of potassium ion and 3 mM of phosphorus (provided by potassium phosphate, monobasic 224 mg and potassium phosphate, dibasic 236 mg/mL.|Grades: Technical, CP, FCC (Food Chemicals Codex)|First Choice Foliar Supreme Fungucide (Loveland Products, Inc.) Potassium phosphate, monobasic 31.1%, Sulfur 31.1%|Ekspunge (Lidochem, Inc.) Potassium phosphate, monobasic 100%|First Choice Phortress Fungicide (Loveland Products, Inc.) Potassium phosphate, monobasic 40.8%, Mono- and di- potassium salts of phosphorous acid 28.1%

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

Analyte: monopotassium phosphate; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with sodium bitartrate produces a white crystalline precipitate that is soluble in ammonium hydroxide and in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates (potassium test) /monobasic potassium phosphate/|Analyte: monopotassium phosphate; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with silver nitrate produces a yellow precipitate that is soluble in nitric acid and in ammonium hydroxide (phosphate test) /monobasic potassium phosphate/|Analyte: monopotassium phosphate; matrix: chemical purity; procedure: dilution with water; titration with sodium hydroxide to the inflection point to a pH of about 9.1 /monobasic potassium phosphate/

Food additives|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT; YEAST_FOOD; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Buffering

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT; YEAST_FOOD;