5 Key Updates on China's Fentanyl Control Amid US Tariffs

On February 1st, the United States announced a 10% tariff on products imported from China, citing concerns over the fentanyl crisis. In response, a spokesperson from the Ministry of Public Security emphasized that China maintains one of the strictest drug control policies in the world. As a signatory to the three UN drug control conventions, China has consistently upheld its international obligations and actively collaborates with countries, including the US, on drug enforcement efforts.

In 2019, China took a humanitarian step by becoming the first country to classify all fentanyl-related substances under stringent controls, responding to US requests. Since this classification, China has not received reports of these substances being seized in the US.

On March 12th, the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) shared insights regarding China's management of fentanyl substances through a recently released white paper. The spokesperson addressed concerns about the production and export of fentanyl-related pharmaceuticals.

Currently, four fentanyl-related drugs are approved for clinical use in China: fentanyl, sufentanil, remifentanil, and alfentanil. Three companies have been authorized to produce raw materials, while five are permitted to manufacture formulations. In 2024, China produced 100 kilograms of fentanyl raw materials, primarily for domestic medical use and export, with only 12.3 kilograms exported to countries like South Korea, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Notably, China has never exported fentanyl products to North America.

All fentanyl-related drugs in China are classified as controlled narcotics, subjected to stringent regulations. The production and distribution of these drugs are closely monitored, with specific companies designated for manufacturing and fixed sales channels established. Export controls require permits, and international verification ensures the legality of trade before issuing export licenses.

The NMPA will continue to enhance the supervision of fentanyl-related drug production and strictly regulate exports to prevent illegal channels and misuse, ensuring that medical needs are met responsibly.