Nine departments issued opinions: to build a world-class port by 2050

"Ports in all regions should develop according to the local economic situation, and carry out reasonable division of labor and dislocation development." On November 13, the Ministry of transport, together with the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other nine departments, issued the guidance on building a world-class port (hereinafter referred to as the guidance) and released it to the public. This guidance will lay out a road map for China to build a world-class port in the next 30 years. According to the guidance, by 2050, a world-class port will be built in an all-round way, forming a number of world-class port groups, and the development level will be in the forefront of the world. Therefore, we need to improve the comprehensive service capacity of the port, accelerate the construction of green port, and accelerate the construction of smart port.

China's port cargo throughput has been very large, but compared with world-class ports, the biggest gap is not in throughput. " Zheng Tianxiang, Professor of Hong Kong, Macao and Pearl River Delta Research Center of Sun Yat sen University, said in an interview with the 21st century economic reporter, "the key point is that in terms of the service industry of shipping, the development of China's ports is not outstanding. For example, London port, although its throughput is not the highest in the world, but in terms of shipping registration, shipping arbitration, shipping transactions and other aspects, that is, shipping services, London has the whole industry chain, accounting for a large share of the world's shipping, which is the world's first-class port. " According to the guidance, we should actively develop modern service industries such as port and waterway information, commerce and trade, finance and insurance, attract international cargo transit, assembly and other businesses, improve the level of shipping service, and support the construction of world-class international shipping center. According to the data of the Ministry of transport, by the end of 2018, China's ports had 23919 production berths, 148.6 times of that in 1949, with an average annual growth of 7.5%. Among them, the number of berths of 10000 tons and above increased from 38 in 1957 to 2444, with an average annual growth of 7.1%. In 2018, China's ports accounted for seven of the top 10 ports in the world in terms of container throughput. Why is it still proposed to speed up the construction of world-class ports under such a situation?

In recent years, I have visited ports and found that the hardware conditions of Chinese ports are not worse than those of foreign countries, or even that the hardware investment of Chinese ports has exceeded that of foreign countries. For example, Singapore port has been built for a long time, and its equipment is relatively old. Many ports in China are newly built, but their efficiency is not as high as the world's advanced ports. " Qin Jin, vice president of the school of transportation, Central South University, told reporters of the 21st century economic report. According to the guidance, we should strive to promote cost reduction and efficiency increase, green, intelligent and safe development, land sea interaction, river sea interaction and port industry city integration, build, manage and develop the port well, build first-class facilities, technology, management and service, strengthen the comprehensive hub role of the port, and improve the quality of the port as a whole With the focus on the hub port, we will build a world-class port that is safe, convenient, intelligent, green, cost-effective, strongly supported and advanced in the world. In terms of specific measures, how to build a world-class port?

The guiding opinions put forward six measures: strive to improve the comprehensive service capacity of ports, accelerate the construction of green ports, accelerate the construction of smart ports, accelerate the development of opening and integration, accelerate the construction of safe ports, and promote the modernization of port governance system. For example, in the effort to improve the comprehensive service capacity of the port, it is proposed to systematically optimize the supply system. Efforts should be made to optimize supply layout, save and intensively use space resources, optimize port layout planning, promote rational division of labor and dislocation development among ports, and optimize key cargo transportation systems. In the process of accelerating the construction of smart port, it is proposed to build information infrastructure based on 5g, Beidou, Internet of things and other technologies, promote the demonstration of automatic driving of collecting cards in port area and special scene collecting and distributing channel, and deepen the linkage of port area. By 2025, some coastal container terminals will initially form an intelligent system with comprehensive perception, ubiquitous interconnection and port vehicle coordination. By 2035, an intelligent system will be basically built in the container terminal. In order to accelerate the development of opening and integration, it is proposed to actively promote the coordinated development of ports and shipping. Among them, focus on the development of small and medium-sized port enterprises to carry out special and special operations.

It also proposes to strengthen the leading role of the hub port, and accelerate the construction of regional port groups such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, southeast coast, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Bay area and southwest coast with reasonable layout, perfect functions, complementary advantages and high efficiency. Encourage port and shipping enterprises to promote port and shipping interaction, cooperation and win-win cooperation through property right replacement, joint development, joint operation, route cooperation, etc. Hu Gang, a professor of Jinan University, told the 21st century economic reporter that in recent years, the development speed of China's ports is very fast, which is far ahead of the world in terms of throughput. But there is a problem of repeated construction. Take the Dawan District of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao as an example. The supply of these ports in Dawan district is almost all from Guangdong and South China, so the supply competition is fierce. Zheng Tianxiang pointed out that all ports should develop according to the local economic situation and carry out reasonable division of labor and dislocation development. Guangzhou port, Shenzhen Yantian port and Victoria port of Hong Kong are the three major ports in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. They must compete with each other, but they also need to cooperate. They need to aim at the service-oriented stage for future promotion.

In a larger scope, ports in different regions have division of labor, such as ports in Southwest China, focusing on the sources of goods in Sichuan, Chongqing and other places, including Singapore, Malaysia, and the Yangtze River Delta, which are mainly oriented to Northeast Asia, the United States and other places, and routes in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Great Bay area to Southeast Asia, Europe and other places. Although there are overlaps between the source of goods and the direction of transportation, it can be coordinated to determine the market scope according to the flow of goods. " Said Zheng Tianxiang. How to improve logistics efficiency? What is the benefit of building a world-class port for China's economic development? The 21st century economic reporter found that in the annex of building a world-class port, the port development index system was put forward, aiming at the five aspects of safety and convenience, wisdom and green, economic efficiency, strong support and world-class, 16 specific points were put forward Mark. Among them, under the big item of strong support, the small item of urban support and inland hinterland coverage is proposed. This is a reflection of the completeness of the port collection and distribution system, and a guarantee ability for the city and the hinterland to radiate and serve the country's major strategies. The development of modern cities is closely related to ports.

The development of many cities is as follows: first of all, there are large ports, which bring port industry. Industry will drive the development of the whole city industry, as well as the development of service industry and financial industry. " Hu Gang said. Therefore, if a city wants to develop and expand, the radiation capacity of the port cannot be ignored. The 21st century economic reporter noted that Tianjin, Shandong and other places proposed to build a world-class port. According to the implementation plan for Tianjin Port (6.060, - 0.01, - 0.16%) to build a world-class port (2019-2023), Tianjin Port will be regarded as the core strategic resource of the country and the maritime gateway of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and "Three North" areas, and will build a world-class smart port and green port around the goal of building a north international shipping core area. However, it is worth noting that the construction of world-class ports in China is not limited to the internal development of ports. According to the guidance, improve the port collection and distribution system, promote the effective connection between different modes of transportation, focus on solving the problem of "the last kilometer" of railway entering the port, and plan and construct the railway entering the port synchronously in principle in the newly built container and bulk dry bulk cargo operation areas in important port areas.

With the focus on rail water transport, river sea transport and river sea direct transport, vigorously develop multimodal transport with port as the hub and "one single system" as the core. Behind this, the key is to improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics cost. Hu Gang pointed out that an obvious trend in the development of transportation is sea land air multimodal transport. "If the goods can be transferred from the sea very quickly, the efficiency will be very high. But now, it is not so smooth. Many ports do not have direct access to trains, which increases the cost of transfer and reduces the efficiency." According to Qin Jin, the data shows that China's logistics cost is far higher than that of the United States. What's the main reason? It's important that freight forwarding accounts for a large number of costs, accounting for 30% - 50% of the total logistics cost. The main reason behind this is the lack of proper multimodal transport. For example, if the bulk cargo comes from the port, if it is to be transported to the outside, the main way is railway, and the second way is highway, that is to say, the combined transportation of water and iron is needed. However, many transportation standards in China are not uniform, and different modes of transportation are also managed by different departments, resulting in problems of transportation vehicles, including the corresponding transfer equipment. In order to improve the efficiency of transshipment, China proposes multimodal transport to solve the problem of transport standards from a very high level and reduce the time of the whole transport link. " Qin Jin said. According to the guidance, by 2025, the railway arrival rate of important port areas for containers and dry bulk cargo will be more than 60%, and bulk cargo such as ore and coal will be mainly transported by railway or waterway; by 2035, the important port areas will basically achieve full coverage of railway arrival, and the proportion of Container Rail water intermodal transportation will be significantly increased.