Polyarteritis is also known as primary Takayasu arteritis syndrome, aortic arch syndrome, and pulselessness. It is more common in young women. The cause of this disease is still unclear. At present, most people believe that this disease may be an autoimmune disease related to infections such as streptococci, tuberculosis, and viruses. Polyarteritis is a chronic, progressive, and often occlusive inflammation of the aorta and its branches. Clinically, it is divided into different clinical types according to the different arteries involved. Among them, upper limb pulselessness caused by involvement of the head and brachial arteries is the most common, followed by lower limb pulselessness caused by involvement of the descending aorta and abdominal aorta, and renal artery stenosis hypertension caused by involvement of the renal artery. Pulmonary hypertension, angina pectoris, and even acute myocardial infarction may also occur due to involvement of the pulmonary artery and coronary artery. The cause of this disease is still unclear. In recent years, it is believed that this is an autoimmune disease related to immune complex deposition, and most of them may be related to certain infections. At present, most people believe that this disease may be an autoimmune disease related to infections such as streptococci, tuberculosis, and viruses. Anti-aortic antibodies have been detected in some patients, but their etiology is uncertain. The incidence is higher in Asia and Africa. It is more common in young women, with an onset age of 5-45 years, and a male-to-female ratio of about 1:8.