Penicillium marneffei (PM) is the only pathogen among Penicillium that is temperature-dependent and is a rare pathogen. The disease can occur in healthy people, but is more common in people with immunodeficiency or immunosuppression. With the increasing number of HIV-infected people, reports of penicillium marneffei disease are also increasing year by year. The disease can be localized, but it is mostly disseminated, often involving multiple tissues and organs such as the lungs, liver, skin, and lymph nodes. Therefore, the literature often describes the disease as penicillium marneffei disease or disseminated penicillium marneffei infection (disseminated penicillium marneffei infection). In the past, due to insufficient understanding of the disease, diagnosis was often delayed and the mortality rate was very high. On the other hand, the disease is treatable. Therefore, it is particularly important to correctly understand the disease, diagnose and treat it early to save the patient's life.