Branchial cyst and fistula, 76% to 90% are evolved from the embryonic residual tissue of the second branchial cleft and pharyngeal pouch, and less often from the first or third to fifth branchial clefts and pharyngeal pouches. The clinical manifestations are slowly enlarging, non-movable tumors and/or fistulas at the front edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle between the mandibular angle and the suprasternal fossa, with transparent mucus overflowing from the fistulas. When infected, the local skin becomes red, swollen, and tender, and swallowing pain or difficulty occurs. If the first branchial cleft cyst and fistula are complicated by hearing impairment and abnormal renal function, Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome is considered. Clinical surgical resection is an effective treatment method.