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Unspecified

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Induction and recovery with isoflurane are very rapid. After inhalation of isoflurane, the pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes weaken rapidly. The depth of isoflurane anesthesia changes rapidly, and the heart rhythm remains stable during the process. As the anesthesia deepens, spontaneous breathing will be suppressed. A drop in blood pressure may occur during isoflurane induction and return to normal with the start of surgical stimulation. During the maintenance of anesthesia, blood pressure tends to decrease with the depth of anesthesia, due to the expansion of peripheral blood vessels, and the heart rhythm remains stable at this time. Under mechanical ventilation and maintaining normal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), cardiac output can be maintained even if the depth of anesthesia is increased, generally by compensating for it by increasing the heart rate. Cerebral blood flow remains unchanged under mild isoflurane anesthesia, but increases as the anesthesia deepens. Excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure can be prevented or corrected by hyperventilating the patient before or during anesthesia. Isoflurane can cause increased sensitivity of the myocardium to adrenaline, but the degree is weaker than enflurane.