Factory Supply High Quality Citric Acid Monohydrate 99.6% Solid CAS 5949-29-1

Bioactivity of citric acid monohydrate
Description Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and a food acid enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and S phase. Citric acid monohydrate can cause oxidative damage to liver by decreasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Citric acid monohydrate causes renal toxicity in mice [1][2][3].
Related category
Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunity
Research Areas >> Metabolic diseases
Target point
Human Endogenous Metabolite

In vitro study of citric acid monohydrate (0-12.5mM; 24 h) showed anti-proliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner [3]. Citric acid monohydrate (12.5mM; 72h) induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M and S phases in a dose-dependent manner [3]. Citric acid monohydrate (12.5 mM; 48 h) Increased the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreased BCL-2 and BCL-Xl[3]. Cell viability assay [3] Cell line: HaCaT cell concentration: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 mM Incubation time: 24 hours Results: Cell viability was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis [3] Cell line: HaCaT cell concentration: 12.5mM Incubation time: 0, 12, 24, 48, 72h Results: Induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and S phase, in a dose-dependent manner. Western Blot analysis [3] Cell line: HaCaT cell concentration: 12.5mM Incubation time: 12, 24, 48h Results: The expressions of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8 and -9 were increased, while the expressions of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl were decreased.
In vivo studies of citric acid monohydrate (120, 240 and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly decreased the activity of GSH-Px and induced the increase of MDA(malondialdehyde) level in mouse liver [1]. Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240 and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) induced apoptosis by increasing caspase-3 activity in mouse hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner [1]. Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240 and 480 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal injection; 3 weeks per week) caused nephrotoxicity in mice [2]. Animal model: 20g male Kunming mice [2] Dose: 120240480mg/kg Administration: intraperitoneal injection. ; Results: With the increase of the dose of citric acid, the activity of T-SOD and GSH-Px decreased, the activity of NOS tended to increase, and the content of H2O2 and MDA decreased gradually.
reference
[1]. Chen X, et al. Study on injury effect of food additive citric acid on liver tissue in mice. Cytotechnology. 2014 Mar; 66 (2) : 275-82.

[2]. Chen X, Lv Q, Liu Y, Deng W. Effects of the food additive, citric acid, on kidney cells of mice. Biotech Histochem. 2015 Jan; 90 (1) : 38-44.

[3]. Ying TH, et al. Citric acid induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways. Anticancer Res. 2013 Oct; 33 (10) : 4411-20.

Physicochemical properties of citric acid monohydrate
Density 1.54
Boiling point 56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.)
Melting point 135-152 ºC
Molecular formula C6H10O8
Molecular weight 210.139
Flash point 173.9 ºC
Accurate mass 210.037567
PSA 141.36000
Appearance White crystal or powder
Vapor Density 2 (vs air)
Steam pressure 184 mm Hg (20 °C)
Refractive index n20/D 1.359(lit.)
Storage condition
1. Use woven bags or double kraft paper bags lined with polyethylene bags for food. Store in a cool, dry place.

stability
1. Stable at room temperature and pressure, white delirious crystallization, odorless.

Water solubility 1630 g/L (20 ºC)
Molecular structure
1, molar refractive index: 15.97

2, molar volume (cm3/mol) : 75.1

3, isotropic specific volume (90.2K) : 156.5

4, surface tension (dyne/cm) : 18.8

5. Polarizability (10-24cm3) : 6.33

Computational chemistry
1, hydrophobic parameter calculation reference value (XlogP) :

2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 5

3. Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 8

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 5

5. Number of tautomers:

6. Topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA) : 133

7. Number of heavy atoms: 14

8, surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 227

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenter: 0

12. Number of uncertain atomic stereocentes: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond structure centers: 0

14. Number of uncertain chemical bond structure centers: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 2

1. Properties: colorless translucent crystal or white powder. Odorless, sour taste. Anhydrous matter can be weathered in dry air. 2. Density (g/mL,25/4℃) : 1.12 3. Relative vapor density (g/mL, air =1) : 1.542 (monohydrate) and 1.67 (anhydrous). 4. Melting point (ºC) : decomposition above 175 ° C. 5. Boiling point (ºC, atmospheric pressure) : not determined
6. Boiling point (ºC,5.2kPa) : not determined

7. Refractive index: 1.493-1.509

8. Flash point (ºC) : Undetermined

9. Specific rotation (º) : not determined

10. Spontaneous ignition point or ignition temperature (ºC) : not determined

11. Vapor pressure (kPa,25ºC) : not determined

12. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa,60ºC) : not determined

13. Heat of combustion (KJ/mol) : not determined

14. Critical temperature (ºC) : not determined

15. Critical pressure (KPa) : not determined

16. Value of oil-water (octanol/water) distribution coefficient: not determined

17. Upper explosion limit (%,V/V) : not determined

18. Lower explosive limit (%,V/V) : not determined

19. Solubility: easily soluble in water (monohydrate 2090g/L, 25℃; Anhydrous matter 592g/L,20℃; 1% solution has a pH of 231) and ethanol, insoluble in benzene, slightly soluble in ether.