4-Chloroaniline
1. Basic Identification
Basic Info
IUPAC Name: 4-Chloroaniline /p-Chloroaniline
Chinese Name:
Synonyms: p-Chlorophenylamine, 4-Chlorobenzenamine
EINECS No.: 203-401-0
MDL No.: MFCD00007811
Molecular Formula: \(\boldsymbol{C_6H_6ClN}\)
Molecular Weight: 127.57
SMILES: Clc1ccc(N)cc1
UN Number: UN 2018
HS Code: 2921420090
Hazard Classification: Class 6.1 Toxic Substance, Packing Group II
Chemical Category: Aromatic halogenated amine, dye intermediate, pharmaceutical raw material, pesticide building block, rubber additive
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
Appearance
White to light beige crystalline solid; faint aromatic amine odor, easy to oxidize and turn dark brown/purple when exposed to air and light.
Physical Constant Table
| Parameter | Standard Value | Remarks |
| Melting Point | 70–73 ℃ | Solid at room temperature, melts into pale brown liquid above melting point |
| Boiling Point | 230–232 ℃ (760 mmHg) | High boiling point, slight sublimation under heating |
| Density (solid 20℃) | 1.43 g/cm³ |
|
| Refractive Index (liquid 75℃) | 1.554–1.556 | Purity detection index |
| Closed Cup Flash Point | 102 ℃ | Low flammability risk |
| Water Solubility | Slightly soluble in hot water, barely soluble in cold water |
|
| Organic Miscibility | Freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, acetone, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate |
|
| Aqueous Property | Weakly alkaline; reacts with mineral acids to form water-soluble p-chloroaniline salts |
|
Core Chemical Characteristics
- Dual active functional groups (Amino + para-chloro)
Amino group enables diazotization, acylation, condensation; para-Cl undergoes nucleophilic substitution, core skeleton for azo dyes, fungicides and APIs. - Easy oxidative discoloration
Air/light oxidizes free amine to form colored azo/quinone impurities, requiring sealed light-proof storage. - Diazotization characteristic
Reacts with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions to generate diazonium salt, the key step for azo dye synthesis. - Incompatible hazardous materials: Strong oxidants, concentrated mineral acids, aldehydes, halogens, edible raw materials
3. Export Industrial Quality Specifications
Premium Dye & Pharma Grade ≥99.0% (Mainstream Export)
| Test Item | Standard Spec | Test Method |
| 4-Chloroaniline Main Content | ≥99.0 wt% | GC / HPLC |
| Aniline / o/m-Chloroaniline Impurity | ≤0.10 % | GC |
| Tar / Polymerized Impurity | ≤0.20 % | GC |
| Moisture Content | ≤0.10 % | Karl Fischer Titration |
| Melting Range | 70–73 ℃ | Capillary melting point apparatus |
| Ash Content | ≤0.05 % | Gravimetry |
| Heavy Metals (Pb, As) | ≤10 ppm | AAS |
| Appearance | Uniform white crystal, no obvious brown discoloration | Visual Inspection |
Pesticide Synthetic Industrial Grade
Relaxed trace impurity index, used for fungicide and herbicide intermediate production.
4. Main Industrial Applications
4.1 Dye & Pigment Industry (Largest Consumption)
- Key diazo component for acid dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, azo pigments; produces bright red, orange and yellow colorants for textile printing & paper coloring.
- Raw material for sulfur dyes and organic pigment couplers, improves color fastness to washing and sunlight.
4.2 Pharmaceutical Fine Chemicals
- Intermediate for anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-malarial APIs; used to synthesize chlorhexidine disinfectant, anti-tumor drug intermediates.
- Precursor for sulfonamide antibacterial drugs, core raw material of chloramphenicol derivatives.
4.3 Pesticide Industry
- Building block for high-efficiency fungicides (carbendazim series) and herbicides; inhibits plant pathogen reproduction.
- Synthetic intermediate for insect growth regulators.
4.4 Other Industrial Fields
- Rubber antioxidant and vulcanization accelerator auxiliary raw material.
- Analytical chemical reagent, corrosion inhibitor for metal surface treatment.
5. Toxicology, Health Hazards & First Aid
Toxicity Profile
- Acute Oral LD50 (Rat): 310–400 mg/kg (Category 3 toxic if swallowed)
- Dermal hazard: Readily absorbed through intact skin; cumulative systemic poisoning risk, causes cyanosis, anemia and organ damage.
- Inhalation hazard: Dust/vapor inhalation damages blood system, induces methemoglobinemia, dyspnea.
- Eye hazard: Solid dust irritates cornea, leads to swelling and blurred vision.
- Environmental hazard: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, persistent soil and water pollution, classified as marine pollutant.
Typical Poisoning Symptoms
Cyanosis of lips/nails, headache, fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath, abdominal pain; severe cases cause liver/kidney damage, coma.
Complete First-Aid Procedures
- Inhalation: Transfer victim to fresh air, gargle thoroughly with clean water; hospital blood routine & methemoglobin test, antidote treatment.
- Skin Contact: Remove all contaminated clothing immediately; wash skin repeatedly with soap and large-volume cold running water for ≥15 minutes.
- Eye Contact: Force open eyelids, continuously flush eyes with abundant clean cold water ≥15 minutes, ophthalmic examination.
- Oral Intake: DO NOT induce vomiting; drink milk or activated carbon suspension and rush to hospital for professional detoxification.
6. Storage, Handling & Incompatibility Rules
Mandatory Storage Conditions
- Warehouse classification: Special Class 6.1 toxic aromatic amine solid warehouse, fully separated from oxidants, acids, food and feed raw materials.
- Temperature control: Cool dark storage ≤25 ℃, avoid direct sunlight to prevent oxidative discoloration.
- Sealing requirement: 25kg PE-lined composite paper drum fully airtight sealed to block air and light.
- Shelf life: 12 months under intact sealed packaging.
Strictly Separated Incompatible Materials
Hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, formaldehyde, edible chemicals.
Safe Operation Specifications
- Operators wear dust-proof full-face gas respirator, heavy nitrile protective gloves, dust-proof full-body overalls, safety shoes.
- Feeding, grinding and batching workshops equipped with powerful dust extraction ventilation system to control airborne amine dust.
- Small leakage: Sweep white crystal solid with dry sand, collect into sealed toxic waste plastic barrels, avoid dust scattering.
- Waste residues must be handed over to certified hazardous waste disposal institutions, random dumping prohibited.
7. Export Packaging & Global Transportation Regulations
Standard Export Packaging Modes
- Industrial dye/pharma grade: 25kg composite paper drum with inner PE liner bag
- Lab reagent small batch: 1kg / 5kg light-proof plastic bottle with outer shockproof carton
UN Transport Compliance Rules
UN 2018, Class 6.1 Toxic Substance (Aromatic Amines), Packing Group II, Marine Pollutant
- Road transport: Special toxic chemical vehicles with dust-proof covering and leakage recovery trays, explosion-proof electrical fittings.
- Ocean shipment: IMDG dual labels (Toxic + Marine Pollutant), single-layer stacking only, strictly segregated from food and feed cargo holds.
- Loading ban: Mixed loading with oxidants, acidic substances, edible goods is completely forbidden.
Full Export Document Package
- Batch COA Certificate of Analysis
- GHS MSDS / SDS
- TDS Technical Data Sheet
- Marine Pollutant Dangerous Goods Declaration
- REACH Registration File
8. GHS Global Hazard Label Statements
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements:
H301 Toxic if swallowed
H311 Toxic in contact with skin
H332 Harmful if inhaled
H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects
H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
H400 Very toxic to aquatic life
H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary Statements:
P261 Avoid breathing crystalline dust
P280 Wear dust-proof respirator, protective gloves and full protective clothing
P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Call poison center / emergency doctor immediately
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and rest
P403+P235 Store in cool, dark, ventilated toxic warehouse, tightly sealed and light-proof
P501 Dispose of waste solid as aromatic amine toxic hazardous waste per environmental laws
9. Fire Emergency Disposal Plan
Approved Fire Extinguishing Agents
Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide (CO₂), dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam
Forbidden Agents
High-pressure water jet (dust suspended by water mist expands toxic amine dust pollution range)
Fire Site Operation Steps
- Evacuate all personnel to upwind safe zone ≥200m, isolate fire area and block pedestrian access.
- Cool surrounding packaging drums with fine water mist only on outer walls, prevent mist liquid contacting p-chloroaniline solid.
- Collect all residual amine-containing ash and solid waste after fire; deliver to professional hazardous waste incineration plant, prohibit rainwater flushing waste into soil, rivers or sewers.
10. Printable Export COA Template
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
Product Name: 4-Chloroaniline (p-Chloroaniline)
CAS No.: 106-47-8
Grade: Export Dye & Pharmaceutical Synthetic Grade
Batch No.: ____________
Net Weight: 25kg/drum
Manufacture Date: ____________
| Test Item | Standard Spec | Test Result | Test Method |
| 4-Chloroaniline Mass Fraction | ≥99.0 % |
| GC Gas Chromatography |
| Mixed Chloroaniline & Aniline Impurities | ≤0.10 % |
| GC |
| Polymer Tar Impurity | ≤0.20 % |
| GC |
| Moisture Content | ≤0.10 % |
| Karl Fischer Titration |
| Melting Range | 70–73 ℃ |
| Capillary Melting Point Apparatus |
| Sulfated Ash | ≤0.05 % | Gravimetry |
|
| Appearance | Uniform white crystalline solid without brown discoloration | Visual Inspection |
|
Conclusion: This batch complies with export industrial standard of 4-Chloroaniline.
Inspector Signature: ____________
Issuance Date: ____________
11. E-commerce Listing Copy (Alibaba / Echemi Direct Use)
Product Title
4-Chloroaniline p-Chloroaniline CAS 106-47-8 99% White Crystal Toxic Aromatic Amine Intermediate for Azo Dye Reactive Dye Chlorhexidine Antibiotic Fungicide Carbendazim Raw Material
Short Description
4-Chloroaniline (C₆H₆ClN, CAS 106-47-8) high-purity white crystalline toxic aromatic amine. Core diazotization intermediate for textile azo/reactive dyes; also key raw material for chlorhexidine disinfectant, sulfonamide antibiotics and carbendazim fungicides. Complete UN2018 Class 6.1 toxic marine pollutant dangerous goods export documents COA, MSDS and TDS for bulk drum shipment.
Full Description
4-Chloroaniline (p-chloroaniline) is a para-substituted halogenated aromatic amine fine chemical, supplied as white crystalline solid with ≥99% purity. The para-chloro and amino bifunctional structure supports diazotization, acylation and cyclization reactions, occupying core position in dye, pharmaceutical and pesticide industrial chains. It is prone to oxidation and discoloration under light and air, and toxic via skin absorption, requiring full light-proof sealed storage and dust-proof operation.
Core downstream application sectors: diazo coupling component for acid, direct and reactive textile azo dyes; synthesis precursor of chlorhexidine broad-spectrum disinfectant and chloramphenicol series antibacterial APIs; building block for carbendazim agricultural fungicides and selective herbicides; auxiliary raw material for rubber anti-aging agents. We supply standard dye/pharma industrial grade with low impurity indexes.
Packed in 25kg PE lined light-proof composite paper drums for full-container sea freight. Classified UN2018 Class 6.1 toxic marine pollutant hazardous substance, we provide complete IMDG toxic goods transport, commodity inspection and REACH compliance certificates for long-term bulk supply to dye factories, pharmaceutical fine chemical plants and pesticide manufacturers.
India
