Dichloropropene

110.96986

109.969

248-134-0

5C5688865R

6201

2047

DTXSID1029910

Colorless liquid

0

2.6

Dichloropropenes is a colorless liquids. Insoluble in water. Used as soil fumigants and in organic synthesis.

1.1748 (estimate)

88.32°C (rough estimate)

2.693g/L(20 ºC)

90.74 mmHg

Heavier than water. Vapors are heavier than air. It weighs 10.2 lb/gal

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

Halogenated unsaturated aliphatics.

3.2

2047

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501

H225

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

DHHS/NTP; Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Telone II ((Technical-Grade 1,3-Dichlorpropene Containing 1.0% Epichlorhydrin as a Stabilizer) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) Report #269 (1985) NIH Pub# 85-2525|Dangerous Prop Ind Mater Rep 6 (4): 63-70 (1986). Reviews dichloropropene safety, toxicology and health hazards.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. (ERG, 2016)

|Danger|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 9 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Wear boots, appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.|Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.|Chemical Protective Clothing Material Vendor Ratings: "Fair" or "poor" ratings were given by less than three vendors. "Good" and "fair" ratings, with "fair" predominating, were given by several vendors for butyl, natural rubber, neoprene and nitrile materials used in occupational exposure to dichloropropenes.

Flammable liquid.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not entinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.|Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, sawdust, or commercial sorbents. Apply fluorocarbon-water foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.|Environmental considerations: Air spills: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Dichloropropenes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Dichloropropenes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dichloropropenes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Dichloropropenes/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DICHLOROPROPENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Odor & intense irritation of eyes, skin, & resp mucosa.|IRRITATION OF EYES & UPPER RESP MUCOSA APPEARS PROMPTLY AFTER EXPOSURE TO CONCN VAPORS. LACRIMATION IS PROMINENT. ... SEVERE SKIN IRRITATION WITH MARKED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF EPIDERMIS & UNDERLYING TISSUES /FROM DERMAL EXPOSURES/. /DICHLOROPROPENES/|Dichloropropene is strongly irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Dichloropropene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Effluent concentrations reported in the USEPA's STORET data base, 1980-1982 (153 samples) 0% pos(1). Dichloropropenes were identified at 1 site in industrial effluent entering the St. Clair River - Sarnia, Ontario(2). Of 63 industrial effluents analyzed, 1 contained concn <10 ppb of dichloropropene(3). Dichloropropene has been detected in wastewater from organic chemical manufacturing/plastics (79 ppb, mean)(6). National Urban Runoff Program in which 86 samples from 19 cities throughout the US were analyzed reported that dichloropropene was detected only in Eugene, OR 1-2 ppb, 2% frequency of detection nationwide(4). cis-1,3-Dichloropropene was detected in 1 out of 5 municipal landfill leachate samples in WI, concn 18 ppb, but not detected in 6 municipal landfill leachates in MN(5).|Dichloropropene was detected at a concentration range of 0.05-0.183 mg/l in a mixed locational sample of industrial landfill leachate(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Dichloropropene was tested for but not detected in 7 samples from the Grand Canyon, AZ(1).|URBAN/SUBURBAN: 2 of 11 samples from Baton Rouge, LA were pos for dichloropropene, with concns of trace and 2.2 parts per trillion, isomer not specified(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Dichloropropene was detected in 16 US samples at a concn of 7.3 parts per median, 570 parts per trillion max for all dichloropropene isomers(1).

IDENTIFICATION: The technical mixture of dichloropropenes and dichloropropane is a clear amber liquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in halogenated solvents, esters, and ketones. It was widely used as a soil nematocide before planting. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Dichloropropane-Dichloropropene mixture is no longer widely used and, thus, exposure of the general population via air, water, and food is unlikely. One case of acute fatal poisoning has been reported following accidental ingestion. Several cases of contact dermatitis and skin sensitization have been reported. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute toxicity of dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture for laboratory animals is moderate to high. Acute exposure results in clinical signs associated with central nervous system depression. It is a severe eye and skin irritant and it is a moderate dermal sensitizer. In a long-term study on rats fed diets containing up to 120 mg of the mixture per kg for 2 years, no toxic or carcinogenic effects were seen. No metabolic studies have been carried out on dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture. The two major components, 1,2-dichloropropene and 1,2-dichloropropane, are rapidly eliminated, primarily in the urine and, to a lesser extent, via expired air. The components of the mixture are metabolized by oxidative and conjunction pathways. The major urinary metabolites are mercapturic acids.

... Dichloropropenes can enter the aquatic environment as a discharge from industrial effluents, by runoff from agricultural land, and from municipal effluents.|Dichloropropenes' production and use as soil fumigants(1), in organic synthesis(2), and occurrence as impurities in some pesticide formulations(3) result in their direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 59(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,700 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dichloropropene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichloropropene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of dichloropropene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 24 mm Hg(5). The biochemical half-life for the pesticide dichloropropene in soil has been reported to be 16 days(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,700 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dichloropropene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces may occur(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 24 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2,700 mg/l(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 101 hours, respectively(SRC). Using distilled river water, a hydrolysis half-life of 11 days at a temperature range of 15 to 25 °C has been reported for the pesticide formulation(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 18(SRC), from an estimated log Kow 2.53(SRC) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichloropropene, which has a vapor pressure of 24 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dichloropropene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Dichloropropene is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

Dichloropropenes have been shown to undergo photochemical formation of free radicals.|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichloropropene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half- life of about 32 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichloropropene with ozone molecules has been estimated as 0.023X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to atmospheric half-life of about 49 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Dichloropropenes have been shown to undergo photochemical formation of free radicals(3). Using distilled river water, a hydrolysis half-life of 11 days at a temperature range of 15 to 25 °C has been reported, with 2-3% CO2 production noted after 7 days for the pesticide formulation(4).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated for dichloropropene(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,700 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of dichloropropene is estimated as 59(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,700 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichloropropene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

In the nonaquatic environment, movement of dichloropropene and dichloropropane in the soil results from diffusion in the vapor phase, as these cmpd tend to establish an equilibrium between concn in vapor, water, and adsorbing phases.|The Henry's Law constant for dichloropropene is estimated as 1.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dichloropropene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Dichloropropene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of dichloropropene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 24 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Samples from municipal wells in areas of CA where Telone or D-D has been applied for over 15 yr (54 wells in 5 counties, 65-1200 ft deep): not detected at a quantitation limit of 0.1 ppb(1). Dichloropropene was detected in one of seventeen wells in New York at a concentration range of 18-140 ug/l(2).|DRINKING WATER: Dichloropropene has been identified in New Orleans drinking water(1). Dichloropropene was detected at unreported concentrations in Philadelphia drinking water by GC/MS analysis(2).

Dichloropropene was detected in one of eight human mother's milk samples at an unreported concentration(1). Dichloropropene was detected at a maximum concentration of 160 ug/cu m and a mean concentration of 24 ug/cu m at 4 different sweet potato/sugar beet crop sites in California(2).

Dichloropropene was detected in one of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the US but the isomer was not specified(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 158 workers are potentially exposed to dichloropropene in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to dichloropropene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dichloropropenes are produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dichloropropene via inhalation of ambient air in the immediate vicinity during application of dichloropropene-based pesticides(SRC).

Dichloropropene was detected in one of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the US but the isomer was not specified(1).

OTHER CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS MAY BE PRESENT AS IMPURITIES AND STABILIZERS. THESE INCLUDE CHLOROPICRIN, ISOMERS OF DICHLOROPROPANE, DICHLOROPROPENE AND EPICHLOROHYDRIN.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

1. FLUSH contaminating fumigants from the skin and eyse with copious amounts of water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Some fumigants are corrosive to the cornea and may cause BLINDNESS. Specialized medical treatment should be obtained promptly following removal of toxicant by copious flushing with clean water. Skin contamination may cause BLISTERING and deep chemical burns. Absorption of some fumigants across the skin may be sufficient to cause systemic poisoning in the absence of fumigant inhalation. For all these reasons, decontamination of eyes and skin must must be IMMEDIATE and THROUGH. 2. REMOVE victims of fumigant inhalation to FRESH AIR immediately. Even though initial symptoms and signs are mild, keep the victim quiet, in a semi-reclining position. Minimum pohysical activity limits the likehood ofpulmonary edema. 3. If victim is not breathing, clear the airway of secretions and RESUSCITATE with positive poressure oxygen apparatus. If this is not available, use chest compression to sustain respiration. If victim is pulseless, employ cardiac resuscitation. 4. If PULMONARY EDEMA is evident, there are several measures avilable to sustain life. Medical judgement must be relied upon, however, in the management of each case. The following procedures are generally recommended: A. Put the victim in a SITTING position with a backrest. B. Use intermittent and/or continuous positive pressure OXYGEN to relieve hypoxemia. ... Slowly administer FUROSEMIDE, 40 mg, or SODIUM ETHACRYNATE, 50 mg, to reduce venous load by inducing diuresis. ... Morphine in small doses (5-10 mg), slowly, iv to allay anxiety and promote deeper respiratory excursions. Administer AMINOPHYLLINE (0.25-0.50 gm) slowly, iv. ... Digitalization may be considered, but there is a serious risk of arrhythmias in an anoxic and toxic myocardium. TRACHEOSTOMY may be necessary in some cases to facilitate aspiration of large amounts of pulmonary edema fluid. Epinephrine, atorpine, and expectorants are generally not helpful, and may complicate treatment. I. Watch for RECURRENT PULMONARY EDEMA, even up to 2 weeks after the initial episode. Limit victim's physical activity for at least 4 weeks. Severe physical weakness usually indicates persistent pulmonary injury. Serial pulmonary function testing may be useful in assessing recovery. 5. Combat SHOCK by placing victim in the Trendelenburg position and administering plasma, whole blood, and/or electrolyte and glucose solutions intravenously, with great care, to avoid pulmonary edema. Central venous pressure should be monitored continously. Vasopressor amines must be given with great caution, because of the irritability of the myocardium. 6. Control CONVULSIONS. Seizures are most likely to occur in poisonings by methyl bromide, hydrogen cyanide, acrylonitrile, phosphine, and carbon disulfide. ... /Fumigant poisoning/|7. If a FUMIGANT LIQUID OR SOLID has been INGESTED less than several hours prior to treatment, quantities remaining in the stomach must be removed as effectively as possible by gastric intubation, aspiration, and lavage, after all possible precautions have been taken to protect the respiratory tract from aspirated gasric contents. A. Put in place a cuffed ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE prior to gastric intubation. Administer OXYGEN, using a mechanical ventilator if respiration is depressed. B. Lavage the stomach with a slurry of ACTIVATED CHARCOAL in saline or water. Leave a volume of the slurry in the stomach with an appropriate dose of sorbitol as cathartic ... . C. If treatment is delayed and if the patient remains fully alert, adminsiter activated charcoal and sorbitol orally. ... Repeated administration of charcoal at half or more the initial dosage every 2-4 hours may be beneficial. D. Do not given vegetable or animal fats or oils, which enhance gastrointestinal absorption of many of the fumigant compounds. 8. Intravenous infusions of GLUCOSE are valuable in limiting the heptotoxicity of many substances. Monitor central venous presure to avoid precipitating, or aggravating, pulmonary edema by fluid overlaod. The victim should be watched closely for indications of delayed or recurrent pulmonary edema, and for bronchophenumonia. Fluid balance should be monitored, and urine sediment should be checked regularly for indications of tubular injury. Measure serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, AST, and bilirubin to assess liver injury. 9. HEMOPERFUSION OVER ACTIVATED CHARCOAL has been used in managing a case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning with apparent success. ... 10. EXTRACORPOREAL HEMODIALYSIS may be needed to regulate extracellular fluid composition if renal failure supervenes. It is probably not very effective in removing lipophilic fumigant compounds from blood, but is, of course, effective in controlling extracellular fluid composition if renal failure occurs. /Fumigant poisoning/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/|Stabilization: Treatment is largely supportive. Watch for respiratory depression & arrhythmias. Obtain arterial blood gases. Administer oxygen if there is evidence of altered mental status or dyspnea. Treat hypotension with volume expansion & vasopression. Use lidocaine or beta-blockers for ventricular arrhythmias. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap & copious amounts or water. Eye: Irrigate the eye for 15-20 min. Obtain a consultation if symptoms persist. Oral: Most of the halogenated solvents ingested in quantities of 1-2 swallows may be partially removed by ipecac-induced emesis if admin within a few hr to a patient who has not lost the gag reflex, is not seizing, is not markedly lethargic, or is not in coma. Observe the patient in the upright position to lessen the possibility of aspiration. Activated charcoal is probably ineffective. Inhalation: Move from the contaminated area. Provide a source of oxygen & prepare for mechanical ventilation. If the patient is unconscious & the pulse is absent, initiate CPR measures. Enhancement of Elimination: Maintain good ventilation. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion are not likely to be useful because of the high lipophilic properties of these solvents. Antidote: N-acetylcysteine may restore depleted glutathione stores, but no adequate clinical studies are available to validate this possible treatment. Supportive Care: Watch for cardiac dysrhythmias, aspiration pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, & hypoxic encephalopathy. Monitor for arrhythmia for at least 24 hr & for hepatorenal failure for about 3 days. Obtain a chest x-ray, arterial blood gas, EKG, serum creatinine, & hepatic aminotransferase. Check electrolyte imbalance daily. Treat renal failure with dialysis & hepatic failure with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, a low-protein diet, neomycin, & lactulose. Watch fluid & electrolyte balance. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/

Symptomatology: 1A) Inhalation, high vapor concn: gasping, refusal to breathe, coughing, substernal pain, & extreme respiratory distress at vapor concn over 1500 ppm. Irritation of eyes & upper respiratory mucosa appears promptly after exposure to concentrated vapors. Lacrimation & headache are prominent. Coma may occur rapidly. B) Inhalation, low vapor concn: central nervous depression & moderate irritation of respiratory system. Headache is frequent. 2) Dermal: severe skin irritation with marked inflammatory response of epidermis & underlying tissues. 3) Oral: acute gastrointestinal distress with pulmonary congestion & edema. Central nervous depression, perhaps even in the absence of impaired oxygen uptake. 4) By any route, possible late injuries to liver, kidneys & heart. 5) After inhalation exposures, malaise, headache, chest & abdominal discomfort & irritability have been reported to persist for several weeks & perhaps for several years.|THREE CASES REPORTED OF ADVERSE REACTION TO SOIL FUMIGANT D-D. FOLLOWING REPEATED APPLICATION, THE PATIENTS (ALL FARMERS) NOTED ERYTHEMATOUS, ITCHING ERUPTION FOLLOWING DIRECT CONTACT WITH SOLN. PATCH TESTS WITH 1% D-D MIXTURE IN ACETONE AS WELL AS WITH INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS GAVE POS RESULTS ONLY IN 1 PATIENT. ALLERGIC PATIENT ALSO HAD POSITIVE PATCH TEST WITH DICHLOROPROPENE ALONE.|Intense irritation of eyes, skin, & resp mucosa.|Bronchospasm may result from inhalation of high concentrations. Liver, kidney, and cardiac toxicity is probably similar to that produced by carbon tetrachloride. /Dichloropropene and dichloropropane/

1,1-dichloropropene

Production of ... DD mixture has been discontinued by the Dow Chemical Co|DICHLOROPROPENE WILL REPLACE MANY FORMER USES OF ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE

EPA Method 8240. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the determination of volatile organics. This method can be used to quantify most volatile organic compounds including dichloropropene, that have boiling points below 200 °C and are insoluble or slightly soluble in water. The detection limit is not given. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix.