Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)

111.14200

111.06800

201-800-4

76H9G81541

1478

683040|142693|114022|10222

DTXSID2021440|DTXSID0025941

Faintly yellow solid|WHITE TO CREAMY WHITE POWDER|White, free-flowing, amorphous powder or aqueous solution

3905990000

20.31000

0.69020

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a white powder. Compatible with a wide range of hydrophilic and hydrophobic resins. (NTP, 1992)

1.23-1.29 g/cm³

160 °C

>300 °C

93.9ºC

H2O: soluble 100mg/mL

Store at RT.

0.09 mmHg

3.83

LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 2000 mg/kg

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.4-10

ODORLESS

Between 3,0 and 7,0 (5 % solution)

A 3.5% soln develops an osmotic pressure of 400 mm water|Forms complexes with a great many substances (eg iodine, polyacids, toxins, drugs, chemicals & dyes)|Highly hygroscopic and should be stored under air tight conditions.

Hygroscopic. Water soluble.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE is a polymeric material and probably has low reactivity. It reacts as a weak base.

364 °C

NONH for all modes of transport

1

20/21/22-37-40-41-48/20

S24/25

TR8370000

Xn

Separated from strong acids. Keep in the dark. Cool. Store only if stabilized.

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Light sensitive. Hygroscopic.

P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P322, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

BIBRA; Polyvinylpyrrolidone p. 10 (1991).|WHO; Polyvinylpyrrolidone 15: 127-37 (1980).

Flash point data for this chemical are not available, but it is probably non-flammable. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible.

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P322, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H302 (97.3%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 963 companies from 39 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P310, P312, P314, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)|Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

... Compatible with wide range of hydrophilic and hydrophobic resins.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.4-10

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong acids. Keep in the dark. Cool. Store only if stabilized.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract.

The substance may have effects on the liver. This may result in liver impairment. Tumours have been detected in experimental animals but may not be relevant to humans.

NO open flames.

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, synthetic zeolite and bentonite (BNT), when incorporated into the diets at 3, 5 and 5 g/kg respectively, were evaluated for their ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg aflatoxin (AF; 83.06% AFB1, 12.98% AFB2, 2.84% AFG1, and 1.12% AFG2,)/kg diet on growing broiler chickens from 1 day to 3 weeks of age. ... When compared to control, the aflatoxin treatment significantly decreased serum total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid and total cholesterol, and the values of haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, thrombocyte counts, percentage of lymphocyte and monocyte counts; increased values of white blood cell and heterophil counts. Decreased serum albumin caused by aflatoxin was significantly ameliorated by polyvinylpolypyrrolidone plus bentonite. A similar increase was obtained in serum total cholesterol by adding bentonite to the aflatoxin-containing diet. The serum uric acid, white blood cell counts and percentage of lymphocyte and monocyte counts were numerically intermediate between control and aflatoxin values in all of the adsorbent treatments containing aflatoxin. The change in thrombocyte counts was alleviated by all of the adsorbent treatments containing aflatoxin, except aflatoxin plus synthetic zeolite. The addition of the adsorbents in the aflatoxin-free diets did not significantly alter the serum biochemical and hematological parameters compared to controls.|To improve the dissolution and bioavailability of warfarin, coevaporates of warfarin sodium containing different weight fractions of povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone; Kollidon 25; Kollidon 30) of different molecular weights were prepared and characterized for dissolution in vitro and for bioavailability in rabbits ... Povidone enhanced the dissolution and bioavailability of warfarin sodium.|Ground and lyophilized mixtures of amphotericin B with various polymers were prepared and studied for dissolution behavior and bioavailability in rabbits after oral and rectal administration. Grinding of the drug with povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone; PVP) or sodium caseinate decreased drug potency, and the loss of potency in the mixture was greater than that of drug ground alone. However, some improvement in dissolution by grinding with these polymers was seen. Lyophilization of drug with the polymers produced the highest level of drug dissolution. ... Compared with drug alone, the oral bioavailability of a lyophilized mixture of drug and povidone was increased, with a 3.7-fold greater AUC (0-24 hr). The extent of bioavailability of suppositories markedly varied with the kind of vehicle.|The influence of povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone) on the permeability of cellulose acetate films used as rate controlling membranes for transdermal drug delivery is described, with diltiazem hydrochloride and indomethacin used as model drugs for permeability studies. Tensile strength of films decreased with increase in povidone fraction in the film. Both water vapor transmission and drug diffusion through the free films followed zero order kinetics and decreased with increase in film thickness. Permeability of films increased with increasing povidone concentration and this may be due to leaching out of povidone fraction, which leads to improved porosity and permeability. Free films composed of cellulose acetate:povidone (2:1) can be used as rate of controlling membranes for the development of transdermal drug delivery systems using a suitable drug reservoir.|[60]Fullerene (C60) was solubilized with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in water, and the aqueous solution was applied to a mouse midbrain cell differentiation system. On incubation of C60 with various concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone, cell differentiation and proliferation were potently inhibited, although weaker than the vehicle controls. C60 was clearly distributed into the yolk sac and embryos by intraperitoneal administration to pregnant mice at 50 mg/kg and had a harmful effect on both conceptuses by microscopical evaluation. This in vivo and in vitro action on embryogenesis is a novel and seriously harmful activity of C60.

LD50 Mouse ip 12 g/kg /Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) homopolymer/

Treatment of infectious conjunctivitis

Pharmaceutic Aids; Plasma Substitutes|CLINICAL INDICATIONS: ...FOR ALL PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS WHERE THERE IS DECR IN MASS OF LIQ BLOOD: SHOCK STATE... HEMORRHAGE...SERIOUS BURNS. ANTHREPSIA & NEURO-TOXICOSES OF INFANTS.|...HAS BEEN USED IN A...SERIES OF PATIENTS TO REPLACE THE AQ HUMOR AFTER EXTRACTION OF CATARACTS, CORNEAL TRANSPLANTS, & ANTIGLAUCOMA OPERATIONS.

1. 1= PRACTICALLY NONTOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) ABOVE 15 G/KG, MORE THAN 1 QUART (2.2 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function. (See all compounds classified as Biocompatible Materials.)

WHEN GIVEN PARENTERALLY, UNEXCRETED PARTICLES ARE PHAGOCYTIZED BY CELLS OF RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM & DEPOSITED IN STORAGE SITES IN LIVER, SPLEEN, LUNG, BONE MARROW...|...30-40% OF SUBTOSAN PASSES INTO THE URINE IN THE FIRST 24 HR & ABOUT 50% IN THE FIRST 2 DAYS. ...SMALLEST MOLECULES ARE...FIRST & MOST RAPIDLY EXCRETED. IT TAKES 10 DAYS AFTER PERFUSION FOR 80% OF AMT INJECTED TO BE ELIMINATED.|INTERMEDIATE MOLECULR WT PARTICLES MAY BE SLOWLY EXCRETED OVER SEVERAL MONTHS TO A YR.|IN GROUPS OF RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING 1 & 10% PVP (MOLECULAR WEIGHT 38,000) FOR 2 YEARS...THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE THAT PVP WAS ABSORBED FROM THE INTESTINAL TRACT.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PVP LABELLED WITH (14)C OR (131)I WAS NOT METABOLIZED TO ANY SIGNIFICANT DEGREE BY RATS, RABBITS OR DOGS FOLLOWING ITS IV INJECTION.

ONE OF MAJOR PROPERTIES OF PVP IS ITS PHYSIO-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR, WHICH IS... COMPARABLE TO THAT OF SERUM ALBUMEN... THUS IT FIXES & TRANSPORTS WATER AS WELL AS THE PRODUCTS FIXED BY SERUM ALBUMEN... IT CAN ALSO CARRY SUCH SUBSTANCES AS UREA, CREATININE, LACTOFLAVIN, COLORING MATTERS, HORMONES, & GLUCOSE.

SYMPTOMS: This compound may cause interstitial fibrosis in the lungs. Lesions regress when patient is no longer being exposed to the compound. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

...CAUSE FOAM CELLS & VACUOLIZATION IN THE LIVER.|...NOT ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT & MAY PRODUCE BULK CATHARSIS, FLATULENCE & FECAL IMPACTION. WHEN GIVEN PARENTERALLY, THE UNEXCRETED PARTICLES ARE PHAGOCYTIZED BY THE CELLS OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM & DEPOSITED IN STORAGE SITES IN THE LIVER, SPLEEN, LUNG, BONE MARROW...(THESAUROSIS).|WHEN GIVEN PARENTERALLY...INFLAMMATORY OR GRANULOMATOUS REACTION MAY BE INCITED. SUCH LESIONS HAVE OCCURRED IN HUMAN LIVER FOLLOWING PARENTERAL PVP... THESAUROSIS MAY BE PRODUCED...FROM CONTINUED EXPOSURES TO...HAIR SPRAYS.|...HAS BEEN USED IN HAIR SPRAYS & LACQUER & HAS BEEN AMONG THE SUBSTANCES ACCIDENTALLY CONTAMINATING THE EYES...BUT IT CAN BE CONSIDERED AN INNOCUOUS COMPONENT.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

...AVAILABLE IN US AS COMMERCIAL &...(USP) GRADES. THERE ARE 4 COMMERCIAL VISCOSITY GRADES, CONTAINING A MAX OF 1% RESIDUAL, UNREACTED MONOMER AS N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE & 0.02% ASH (ON A DRY BASIS). POWDERED FORMS CONTAIN A MAX OF 5% WATER, & AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAIN 55-80% WATER.|USP GRADE POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE CONTAINS 12-13% NITROGEN ON AN ANHYDROUS BASIS AND A MAXIMUM OF 0.00015% ARSENIC, 0.001% LEAD, 0.5% ALDEHYDE (AS ACETALDEHYDE) AND 1% UNREACTED N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE.|A HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CROSS-LINKED GRADE OF POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE, WHICH IS INSOLUBLE IN WATER, IS AVAILABLE AS A POWDER CONTAINING LESS THAN 5% WATER.

Adhesive manufacturing|2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-: ACTIVE|WHEN POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE IS USED AS FOOD ADDITIVE IT MUST BE AS INSOL CROSS-LINKED POLYMER OF A GRADE SUCH THAT, AFTER 3 HR OF REFLUXING WITH WATER, 5% ACETIC ACID & 50% ALCOHOL, NO MORE THAN 50 MG/KG (PPM) EXTRACTABLES MAY BE OBTAINED WITH EACH SOLVENT; & AFTER /USE/...TO CLARIFY BEVERAGE, MUST BE REMOVED BY FILTRATION.|ALTHOUGH POVIDONE FORMULATED WITH IODOPHOR DID NOT ENHANCE THE RATE OF WOUND OR INFECTION, IT OFFERED NO THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT WHEN COMPARED WITH CONTROL WOUNDS TREATED WITH SALINE SOLUTION. IODOPHOR SURGICAL SCRUB SOLUTIONS SHOULD NOT BE USED ON BROKEN SKIN.|COMPLEXING IODINE WITH POVIDONE OR SURFACTANTS SIGNIFICANTLY LIMITS THE QUANTITY OF FREE IODINE. REDUCTION OF FREE IODINE LEVEL ELIMINATES THE ADVERSE PROPERTIES OF STAINING, INSTABILITY, AND IRRITATION AND ALSO ALTERS BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY.|IN THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE IS USED AS A PARTICLE-SIZE REGULATOR, SUSPENDING AGENT AND VISCOSITY MODIFIER IN TWO-PHASE POLYMERIZATION SYSTEMS FOR VINYL CHLORIDE, VINYL ESTERS, STYRENE, ACRYLICS & OTHER MONOMERS.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

RIDGWAY K & MH RUBENSTEIN, J PHARM PHARMACOL 23: 587 (1971). A METHOD FOR DETECTING CONCN OF POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE IN DILUTE SOLN (O.1% WT/VOL) WITH + or - 1% ACCURACY IS BASED ON INFRA-RED ABSORPTION...|RESIDUAL POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE IN BEVERAGES AFTER ITS USE AS A CLARIFYING AGENT...DETERMINED COLORIMETRICALLY.

POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE IN PLASMA, URINE, & FECES WAS DETERMINED SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY BY MEASURING ABSORBANCE AT 370 NM... METHOD WAS APPLICABLE IN THE RANGE OF 1-4 MG POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE/100 ML.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Polymers|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives|Human Drugs -> EU pediatric investigation plans|Food Additives -> ADJUVANT; EMULSIFIER; FILTERING_AID; STABILIZER; TABLETING_AID; THICKENER; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Antistatic; Binding; Emulsion stabilizing; Film forming; Hair fixing

Food Additives -> ADJUVANT; EMULSIFIER; FILTERING_AID; STABILIZER; TABLETING_AID; THICKENER;