2-(Cyclohexylthio)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

261.33900

261.34

241-774-1

50Z9596NJ3

DTXSID8027793

Off-white solid

2930909090

62.68000

2.7

White or light yellow powder crystal

1.25~1.35g/cm3

93-94 °C

422.6ºC at 760 mmHg

209.4ºC

1.545

In water, 10.8 mg/L at 20 deg C; 18 mg/L at 23 deg C; 22 mg/L at 25 deg C

0.000308mmHg at 25°C

Henry's Law constant = 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C /Estimated/

R36/37/38

S26; S36/37/39

TI4290000

P260, P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P314, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P391, P501

H317

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The U.S. high production volume (HPV) chemicals are those which are manufactured in or imported into the United States in amounts equal to or greater than one million pounds per year. Robust Summaries include health effects, ecotoxicity data, and environmental fate information for selected chemicals. EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/chemrtk/viewsrch.htm on (1H-Isoindole 1,3-(2H)-dione, 2-(cyclohexylthio) as of November 5, 2004.

|Warning|H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P261, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P313, P363, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 86 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P260, P261, P264, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P314, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, and P501

... Santogard PVI was considered to be a primary and cumulative skin irritant, as well as a sensitizer.

LD50 Mouse oral 206 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 63 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse iv 70 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (Sprague-Dawley albino) oral 2600 mg/kg bw (95% confidence limits: 7380-9100 mg/kg)|LD50 Rabbit (New Zealand white) dermal >5010 mg/kg bw/24 hr

N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide's production and use as a pre-vulcanization inhibitor for synthetic and natural rubber(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2,300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.66(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined using a fragment constant estimation method(4). N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide would be expected to hydrolyze in moist soil(SRC), based on a reported hydrolysis half-life of 23.3 hours at pH 7 and 25 °C(2). N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.8X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Screening tests(2) suggest that biodegradation of N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide under environmental condition may be slow(SRC). Soil microorganisms were found to not colonize on N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide in experiments using soil burial techniques(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2,300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.66(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 130(SRC), from a log Kow of 3.66(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high; however, N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is expected to undergo rapid hydrolysis in aquatic environments(2). A hydrolysis half-life of 23.3 hours at pH 7 and 25 °C has been reported for N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide(2). Screening tests(2) suggest that biodegradation of N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide under environmental conditions may be slow(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3.8X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

A hydrolysis half-life of 23.3 hours at pH 7 and 25 °C has been reported for N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide(1). The primary hydrolysis product was identified as the carboxylic acid (ring-opened half-acid) derivative of the parent compound(1). N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since a related compound, 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, does not absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm(2).

An estimated BCF of 130 was calculated for N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.66(4) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC); however, N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is expected to undergo rapid hydrolysis in aquatic environments(4). A hydrolysis half-life of 23.3 hours at pH 7 and 25 °C has been reported for N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide(4).

The Koc of N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is estimated as 2,300(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.66(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is expected to have slight mobility in soil. N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide would be expected to hydrolyze in moist soil; a hydrolysis half-life of 23.3 hours at pH 7 and 25 °C has been reported for N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide(1).

The Henry's Law constant for N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is estimated as 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is not expected to volatilize from moist soil surfaces based on its estimated Henry's Law constant(SRC). N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide would be expected to hydrolyze in moist soil and in water; a hydrolysis half-life of 23.3 hours at pH 7 and 25 °C has been reported for N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide(3). N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.8X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 18,053 workers (3,410 of these are female) are potentially exposed to N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is produced or used(SRC). Exposure of the general population to N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is not expected, since during the rubber vulcanization process N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide reacts and becomes polymer bound(2). N-(Cyclohexylthio)phthalimide is not used in rubber gloves, food containers or other food-contact applications, children's toys, pacifiers, baby bottle nipples, elastic, adhesives or medicals device applications(2).

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Patches 1 inch square of /compounded, uncured rubber stock containing 2 pounds PVI per 100 pounds rubber (2 phr)/ were applied to the skin of 53 human volunteers and left in place for 24 hours. Readings were taken at the end of 24 hours, and the sites were rested for an additional 24 hours. Patches were reapplied and read again after 24 hours. Fifteen such applications were used. A 10-day rest period followed, and then the challenge application was applied for 24 hours. No positive reactions were observed following the initial application, any subsequent application or after the challenge application. Only mild cumulative irritation was observed in this study. The level used in this study, 2 parts per hundred rubber (2 phr) is about five times higher than what is normally used in compounded rubber stocks.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The test material was applied to an adhesive patch so as to cover approximately 1 square inch. The patch was applied to the upper arm or back of 55 human volunteers. After 24 hours, the patch was removed and the application site examined for reactions. After a 24-hr rest period, the patch was applied as before. When 8 such applications had been completed, a 2 wk rest period was allowed, after which a challenge application was made in the same manner as before. All applications were made to the same site. Evidence of primary irritation was observed in 10 of the 67 subjects following the initial application. During the subsequent serial applications, severe irritation was observed in 43 of the 67 subjects. Under the conditions of this test, Santogard PVI was considered to be a primary and cumulative skin irritant, as well as a sensitizer.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a survey of 310 subjects patch tested with a series of 30 different rubber additives over a 4-yr period, 11 subjects (3.5%) showed an allergic reaction to CTP, N- (cyclohexylthio)phthalimide. Four of the CTP-sensitive patients reacted only to CTP, while the other seven reacted to other rubber chemicals as well. The authors concluded that CTP does not appear to cross-react with other rubber chemicals.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Complaints of body odor following exposure have been received from production workers at two PVI manufacturing facilities. Workers reported the persistence of odor for several days after cessation of the exposure.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for N-(CYCLOHEXYLTHIO)PHTHALIMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

cyclohexyl thiophthalimide

Adhesive manufacturing|1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 2-(cyclohexylthio)-: ACTIVE