Calcium gluconate

430.37300

430.06400

206-075-8

SQE6VB453K

1736

DTXSID2029618

C336

Crystals, granules, or powder

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism|D - Dermatologicals

2918160000

254.90000

-7.14040

White Crystals or Crystalline Powder

0.30-0.65 g/cm³

120 °C

673.6ºC at 760 mmHg

375.2ºC

H2O: 3.3 g/100mL

Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container closed when not in use.

Odorless

Tasteless

Soln is neutral to litmus paper|Does not lose its water on drying without some decomp|Stable in air. Loses water at 120 °C.|Calcium gluconate is decomposed by dilute mineral acids into gluconic acid and the calcium salt of the mineral acid used. It is precipitated from its aqueous solution by the addition of alcohol.

NONH for all modes of transport

1

R20/21/22; R36/37/38

S24/25

EW2100000

Xn

Separated from strong oxidants.

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: calcium gluconate is included in digestive aid drug products.|Calcium gluconate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.|Calcium gluconate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Optimal Calcium Uptake. Current Bibliographies in Medicine 94-4. Public Services Division/National Library of Medicine. 775 citations from January, 1990-April, 1994. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/calcium.html

Combustible.

Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide.

A solution of clindamycin phosphate is physically incompatible with ... calcium gluconate ... .

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Separated from strong oxidants.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

NO open flames.

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Infants : LDLo (Intramuscular ) : 10gm/kg ; Effects - Brain and coverings : meningeal changes Infants : TDLo ( Intramuscular ) : 143 mg/kg ; Effects - Dermatits Mouse: LD50 ( intravenous ) : 950mg/kg Mouse : LDLo (Oral ) : 10gm/kg

Concurrent use of excessive amounts of /alcohol, caffeine (usually more than 8 cups of coffee a day), or tobacco/ has been reported to decrease calcium absorption.|Concurrent use /of estrogens/ with calcium supplements may increase calcium absorption, which is used to therapeutic advantage when estrogens are prescribed for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. /Calcium supplements/|Concurrent use with calcium supplements may decrease effectiveness of cellulose sodium phosphate in preventing hypercalciuria. /Calcium supplements/|Concurrent use /of other calcium-containing medications or oral magnesium-containing medications/ with calcium supplements may increase serum calcium or magnesium concentration in susceptible patients, mainly patients with impaired renal function, leading to hypercalcemia or hypermagnesemia, respectively. /Calcium supplements/|For more Interactions (Complete) data for CALCIUM GLUCONATE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat oral >5,000 mg/kg bw

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Daphnia are highly sensitive to sodium metabolism disruption caused by aquatic acidification and ionoregulatory toxicants, due to their finely balanced ion homeostasis. Nine different water chemistries of varying pH (4, 6 and 8) and calcium concentration (0, 500 and 1000 umol/L) were used to delineate the mechanism of sodium influx in Daphnia magna. Lowering water pH severely inhibited sodium influx when calcium concentration was high, but transport kinetic analysis revealed a stimulated sodium influx capacity (J(max)) when calcium was absent. At low pH increasing water calcium levels decreased J(max) and raised K(m) (decreased sodium influx affinity), while at high pH the opposite pattern was observed (elevated J(max) and reduced K(m)). These effects on sodium influx were mirrored by changes in whole body sodium levels. Further examination of the effect of calcium on sodium influx showed a severe inhibition of sodium uptake by 100 umol/L calcium gluconate at both low (50 umol/L) and high (1000 umol/L)) sodium concentrations. At high sodium concentrations, stimulated sodium influx was noted with elevated calcium levels. These results, in addition to data showing amiloride inhibition of sodium influx (K(i)=180 umol/L), suggest a mechanism of sodium influx in Daphnia magna that involves the electrogenic 2Na(+)/1H(+) exchanger.

Moderate, approximately 45% in plasma.

Oral calcium salts are used as dietary supplemental therapy for person who may not get enough calcium in their regular diet. Calcium gluconate is used as a cardioprotective agent in high blood potassium. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity.

Some studies have shown that calcium supplementation begun in the second trimester may be effective in lowering blood pressure in pregnancy women with pregnancy-induced hypertension or pre-eclampsia, both of which may possibly be associated with increased calcium demand of the fetus during the last trimester. /Calcium supplements/|Oral calcium salts are used as dietary supplemental therapy for person who may not get enough calcium in their regular diet. Due to increased needs, children and pregnancy women are at greatest risk. Pre- and postmenopausal women; adolescents, especially girls and the elderly may not receive adequate calcium in their diets. ... Calcium supplements are used as part of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with an inadequate calcium intake. The use of calcium citrate may reduce the risk of kidney stones in susceptible patients. The use of water-soluble salts of calcium (ie, citrate, gluconate, and lactate) may be preferable to acid-soluble salts (ie, carbonate and phosphate) for patients with reduced stomach acid or patients taking acid-inhibiting medication, such as the histamine H2-receptor antagonists. /Calcium supplements; Included in US product labeling/|Oral calcium supplements provide a source of calcium ion for treating calcium depletion occurring in conditions such as chronic hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia, rickets, chronic renal failure, and hypocalcemia secondary to the administration of anticonvulsant medications. When chronic hypocalcemia is due to vitamin D deficiency oral calcium salts may be administered concomitantly with vitamin D analogs. /Calcium supplements; Included in US product labeling/|Calcium chloride and parenteral calcium gluconate are used to decrease or reverse the cardiac depressant effects of hyperkalemia on electrocardiographic (ECG) function. /Calcium supplements; Included in US product labeling/|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for CALCIUM GLUCONATE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

VET: ... Calcium gluconate ... if given by iv injection, should be admin slowly ... given rapidly ... may have toxic effect on heart.|Calcium gluconate ... not recommended for im use because dose must be large and danger of sterile abscess formation is too great.|Many physicians recommend that pregnant women receive multivitamin and mineral supplements, especially those pregnant women who do not consume an adequate diet and those in high-risk categories )ie, women carrying more than one fetus, heavy cigarette smokers, and alcohol and drug abusers). Taking excessive amounts of a multivitamin and mineral supplement may be harmful to the mother and/or fetus and should be avoided. /Calcium supplements/|Side/adverse effects may be more likely to occur if oral calcium supplements are taken in much larger doses than recommended (greater than 2000 to 2500 mg a day), if they are taken for a longer period of time, or if they are taken by patients with renal function impairment or milk-alkali syndrome. /Calcium supplements/|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for CALCIUM GLUCONATE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Calcium Gluconate is the gluconate salt of calcium. An element or mineral necessary for normal nerve, muscle, and cardiac function, calcium as the gluconate salt helps to maintain calcium balance and prevent bone loss when taken orally. This agent may also be chemopreventive for colon and other cancers.

Approximately one-fifth to one-third of orally administered calcium is absorbed in the small intestine, depending on presence of vitamin D metabolites, pH in lumen, and on dietary factors, such as calcium binding to fiber or phytates. Calcium absorption is increased when a calcium deficiency is present or when a patient is on a low-calcium diet. In patients with achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria, calcium absorption, especially with the carbonate salt, may be reduced.|Renal (20%) - The amount excreted in the urine varies with degree of calcium absorption and whether there is excessive bone loss or failure of renal conservation. Fecal (80%) - Consists mainly of nonabsorbed calcium, with only a small amount of endogenous fecal calcium excreted.|Not available|Approximately one-fifth to one-third of orally administered calcium is absorbed in the small intestine, depending on presence of vitamin D metabolites, pH in lumen, and on dietary factors, such as calcium binding to fiber or phytates. Calcium absorption is increased when a calcium deficiency is present or when a patient is on a low-calcium diet. In patients with achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria, calcium absorption, especially with the carbonate salt, may be reduced. /Calcium supplements/|Elimination: Renal (20%) - The amount excreted in the urine varies with degree of calcium absorption and whether there is excessive bone loss or failure of renal conservation. Fecal (80%) - Consists mainly of nonabsorbed calcium, with only a small amount of endogenous fecal calcium excreted. /Calcium supplements/

Calcium gluconate does not require hepatic metabolism for the release of Ca++ and is as effective as calcium chloride in treating ionic hypocalcemia in the absence of hepatic function.

Calcium is essential for the functional integrity of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems. It plays a role in normal cardiac function, renal function, respiration, blood coagulation, and cell membrane and capillary permeability. Also, calcium helps to regulate the release and storage of neurotransmitters and hormones, the uptake and binding of amino acids, absorption of vitamin B 12, and gastrin secretion. The major fraction (99%) of calcium is in the skeletal structure primarily as hydroxyapatite, Ca 10(PO 4) 6(OH) 2; small amounts of calcium carbonate and amorphous calcium phosphates are also present. The calcium of bone is in a constant exchange with the calcium of plasma. Since the metabolic functions of calcium are essential for life, when there is a disturbance in the calcium balance because of dietary deficiency or other causes, the stores of calcium in bone may be depleted to fill the body's more acute needs. Therefore, on a chronic basis, normal mineralization of bone depends on adequate amounts of total body calcium.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

A serum calcium concentration exceeding 2.6 mmol per liter (10.5 mg per 100 mL) is considered a hypercalcemic condition. Withholding additional administration of calcium and any other medications that may cause hypercalcemia usually resolves mild hypercalcemia in asymptomatic patients, when patient renal function is adequate. /Calcium supplements/|When serum calcium concentration are greater than 2.9 mmol per liter (12 mg per 100 mL), immediate measures may be required with possible use of the following: Hydrating with intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Forcing diuresis with furosemide or ethacrynic acid may be used to rapidly increase calcium and sodium excretion when saline overload occurs. Monitoring of potassium and magnesium serum concentrations and starting replacement early to prevent complications of therapy. ECG monitoring and the possible use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents to protect the heart against serious arrhythmias. Possibly including hemodialysis, calcitonin, and adrenocorticoids in the treatment. Determining serum calcium concentration at frequent intervals to guide therapy adjustments. /Calcium supplements/|Topical application of calcium gluconate gel is the first-line emergency department treatment for Hydrofluoric acid burns after irrigation.|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential toxicity in neonates: Bradycardia, sloughing and calcification with IV infiltration; potentiates digitalis effect|/CASE REPORTS/ A 43-year-old man developed septic shock and acute lung injury after surgery to drain an ischiorectal abscess. In the intensive care unit he initially improved but developed severe hypoxaemia, right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension 90 min after receiving intravenous calcium gluconate and potassium phosphate, best explained by the formation of a calcium-phosphate precipitant that resulted in aggregate anaphylaxis. His rapid deterioration and lack of response to conventional therapies necessitated support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation that was life saving. This adverse event has altered local practice regarding calcium and phosphate replacement and has implications for all intensive care units.

Calciofon

Redness.

Calcium gluconate, USP ... contains 9% calcium ... Available as calcium gluconate tablets, USP, containing 325, 500, 650, or 1000 mg of the salt ... for im and iv injection, calcium gluconate injection, USP, admin as 10% soln (0.45 mEq Ca++/mL).|Grades: technical; USP; FCC; special for ampules.|Due to its limited solubility, calcium gluconate must frequently be suspended in liquid mixtures and tragacanth is useful as a suspending agent.|Calcium gluconate injection:a 10% soln; 9.3 mg of Ca+2/mL ... 10-mL vial

D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1): ACTIVE|More concn (20 to 30%) aq soln...obtained by addn of boric acid or similar complex-forming acids. ../ca d-saccharate is used in/ prepn of supersaturated injectable soln of calcium gluconate... injectable soln of calcium gluconate containing sodium ascorbate...described...British patent 495,675 and German 702,185.|Incompatibilities - sol calcium salts are pptd by borates, carbonates, citrates, oxalates, sulfates, and tartrates. /Calcium chloride/|Incompatibilities of iv additives: cephalothin sodium, magnesium sulfate, novobiocin (albamycin) sodium, prochlorperazine (compazine) edisylate, sodium bicarbonate (dependent on concn of sodium bicarbonate, and calcium).

COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM PANGAMATE & CALCIUM GLUCONATE AS TABLETS EITHER SEPARATELY OR IN MIXTURE, USING FERRIC HYDROXAMATE PROCEDURE.|CALCIUM GLUCONATE DETERMINED IN TABLETS USING AN IN SITU FLUORIMETRIC METHOD BASED ON GLYCOL CLEAVAGE FOLLOWED BY TREATMENT WITH DICHLOROFLUORESCEIN.|Method: AOAC 932.20; Procedure: colorimetric method; Analyte: calcium gluconate; Matrix: drugs; Detection Limit: not provided.|Analyte: calcium gluconate; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: addition of methyl red and neutralization with ammonium hydroxide; addition of hydrochloric acid; addition of ammonium oxalate to form a white precipitate that is insoluble in acetic acid but dissolves in hydrochloric acid (calcium test)|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for CALCIUM GLUCONATE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Skin Conditioning Agents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FIRMING_AGENT; NUTRIENT_SUPPLEMENT; SEQUESTRANT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Humectant; Oral care

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FIRMING_AGENT; NUTRIENT_SUPPLEMENT; SEQUESTRANT;