1-Bromo-2-propanone

136.976

136.98

209-928-2

3O8L0EWR5Q

1074

1569

DTXSID6060507

Colorless liquid; rapidly becomes violet even in absence of air

2914700090

17.1

0.11

Bromoacetone appears as a clear colorless liquid turning violet on standing, even in the absence of air, and decomposing to a black resinous mass on long standing. Denser than water and poorly soluble in water. Hence sinks in water. A violent lachrymator--low concentrations are very irritating to the eyes; high concentrations or prolonged exposure at lower concentrations may have adverse health effects. Very toxic by inhalation. Contact with the liquid causes painful burns. Used as a chemical war gas.

1.634 g/cm³ @ Temp: 23 °C

-36.5 °C

63.5-64 °C @ Press: 50 Torr

51.1°C

1.449

Solubility in water: poor

Keep tightly closed and protected from light.

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 1.1

4.75 (Air = 1)

PUNGENT ODOR

Henry's Law constant = 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 16.1

Turns violet rapidly even in the absence of air|Conversion factor at 25 °C: 1 ppm = 5.60 mg/cu m|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.98X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Highly flammable. Irritating fumes in air. Soluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

BROMOACETONE decomposes on standing.

II

6.1(a)

1569

R11

S26-S36/37/39

UC0525000

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Turns violet rapidly even in absence of air.

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P284, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501

H225

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P017, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Reacts with oxidants.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes of Bromine (USCG, 1999)|Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Danger|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P284, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 5 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1569 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Self-contained breathing apparatus, chemical-resistant gloves, rubber boots, full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)|Breathing protection, protective gloves, safety goggles|Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Flammable

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Whenever possible, this material should be used in enclosed systems.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock down vapors.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind ... Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location, and weather conditions.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Bromoacetone/|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking.

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

P017; An acute hazardous waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

P017; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when bromoacetone, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Bromoacetone is found in the essential oil of a seaweed species (Asparagosis taxiformis) that grows in the ocean around the Hawaiian Islands(1).

Bromoacetone has been shown to be a by-product of drinking water treatment using chlorine dioxide and chloramines in water high in bromide concentrations(1). In the past, bromoacetone was used in tear gas formulations but its use in this field is now obsolete(2). Bromoacetone was also used as a chemical warfare agent in World War I(3). No data were located to suggest that bromoacetone has been used as a tear gas, either for war or riot control, since World War I(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromoacetone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Bromoacetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C(4). Photolysis may occur on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2010).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bromoacetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 31 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.11(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Photolysis may be an important degradation process for bromoacetone in sunlit water(8). If bromoacetone is spilled into a body of water, it will sink to the bottom of the water column, dissolve slowly and turn violet rapidly(9). Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis(3). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2010).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromoacetone, which has a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromoacetone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 54 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Bromoacetone absorbs light strongly in the wavelength region between 290-350 nm, with a UV max occurring at 300 nm(4); however, kinetic rate data are not available to predict the rate at which direct photolysis may occur in the environment(5). Bromoacetone turns violet rapidly in the presence of light, even in the absence of air(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of bromoacetone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 54 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis(2). Bromoacetone may produce hydrogen bromide as a hydrolysis product(3). Bromoacetone absorbs light strongly in the wavelength region between 290-350 nm, with a UV max occurring at 300 nm(4); however, kinetic rate data are not available to predict the rate at which direct photolysis may occur in the environment(5). Bromoacetone turns violet rapidly in the presence of light, even in the absence of air(6), suggesting that photolysis in the environment may be important(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for bromoacetone(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.11(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bromoacetone can be estimated to be 5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for bromoacetone is estimated as 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bromoacetone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 31 days(SRC). Bromoacetone's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Bromoacetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: Bromoacetone was detected in drinking water treated with chlorine dioxide and chloramines in May 1999, in a plant using Lake Kinereth, Israel, as a source(1).

Inhalation, skin and eye contact and ingestion.|Occupational exposure to bromoacetone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromoacetone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to bromoacetone via ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

... In this study, the factors influencing the disposition and biotransformation of 1-bromopropane (1-BrP) were examined in male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following inhalation exposure (800 ppm) or intravenous administration (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg). (1,2,3-13C)1-BrP and (1-14C)1-BrP were administered to enable characterization of urinary metabolites using NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC coupled radiochromatography. ... The molar ratio of exhaled 14CO2 to total released bromide, which decreased as dose increased, demonstrated that the proportion of 1-BrP metabolized via oxidation relative to pathways dependent on glutathione conjugation is inversely proportional to dose in the rat. (14C)1-BrP equivalents were recovered in urine (13-17%, rats; 14-23% mice), feces (< 2%), or retained in the tissues and carcass (< 6%) of rats and mice administered iv 5 to 100 mg/kg (14C)1-BrP. Metabolites characterized in urine of rats and mice include N-acetyl-S-propylcysteine, N-acetyl-3-(propylsulfinyl)alanine, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)cysteine, 1-bromo-2-hydroxypropane-O-glucuronide, N-acetyl-S-(2-oxopropyl)cysteine, and N-acetyl-3-[(2-oxopropyl)sulfinyl]alanine. These metabolites may be formed following oxidation of 1-bromopropane to 1-bromo-2-propanol and bromoacetone and following subsequent glutathione conjugation with either of these compounds ...

Very powerful lachrymator and upper respiratory tract irritant. Intensely irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Corrosive to the skin. (USCG, 1999)

Call a physician. EYES: Hold eyelids open, flush with running water for at least 15 minutes. SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes, flush affected areas with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. INHALATION: Move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. INGESTION: Do nothing except keep victim warm. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, sore throat, labored breathing. Skin: redness, pain. Eyes: causes watering of the eyes, redness, pain, blurred vision. Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation in the throat and chest, cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Poisonous and intensely irritating to skin and mucous membranes.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Violent lacrimator.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Permanent dense opacification of cornea has resulted from splashing liquid bromoacetone in the eye. Relatively minor injury has occurred in a case in which only a few fine droplets came in contact with eye. Spots of gray opacity & necrosis appeared in corneal epithelium, but in a few days ... eye recovered completely.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

bromoacetone

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Grades: technical

Bromo organic compounds may be formed during water chlorination treatments by the oxidation of naturally occurring bromine via hypochlorous acid to hypobromous acid, which is then capable of forming organic bromine compounds; however, this scenario has never been experimentally shown to produce bromoacetone.

Method: EPA-OSW 5030C; Procedure: purge-and-trap; Analyte: bromoacetone; Matrix: water; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: EPA-OSW 8021B; Procedure: gas chromatography with electrolytic conductivity detector; Analyte: bromoacetone; Matrix: ground water, aqueous sludges, caustic liquors, waste solvents, oily wastes, mousses, tars, fibrous wastes, polymeric emulsions, filter cakes, spent carbons, spent catalysts, soils, and sediments; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: EPA-OSW 8021B; Procedure: gas chromatography with photoionization detector; Analyte: bromoacetone; Matrix: ground water, aqueous sludges, caustic liquors, waste solvents, oily wastes, mousses, tars, fibrous wastes, polymeric emulsions, filter cakes, spent carbons, spent catalysts, soils, and sediments; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: EPA-OSW 8260B; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); Analyte: bromoacetone; Matrix: various; Detection Limit: not provided.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree