Glycol dinitrate

152.06

152.06

211-063-0

9CZ6PE9E3J

1056

DTXSID6027264

Colorless to yellow, oily ... liquid [Note: An explosive ingredient (60-80%) in dynamite along with nitroglycerine (40-20%)].

110

1.16

Ethylene glycol dinitrate is a colorless to yellow, oily odorless liquid with a sweetish taste. Mp: -22°C; bp: explodes at 114°C. Density: 1.49 g cm-3. Soluble in water (23.3 g/L H2O) at 25°C). Very soluble in ethanol and in ether. Used as an explosive ingredient in dynamite along with nitroglycerine. Toxic; can penetrate the skin.

1.4918 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-22.3 °C

197-200 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

2℃

Index of refraction: 1.499 at 15 °C

Insoluble

-20°C

Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: 7

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 5.2

Oral-Rat  LD50: 460 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse  LD50: 540 mg/kg

Combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

Explodes @ 114-116 deg C

Odorless

Henry's Law constant = 2.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

BP: 101.5 °C at 19 mm Hg; density: 1.483 at 18 °C|Explodes at 114 °C|Explodes violently on heating or impact with a force similar to that of nitroglycerin|0.0095% in saturated air at 25 °C|1 mg/L is equiv to 160.9 ppm at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg; 1 ppm is equiv to 6.24 mg/cu m at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg|IS 160 TIMES MORE VOLATILE THAN NITROGLYCERIN|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Ethylene glycol dinitrate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water Soluble in water

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Explosive

ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE is explosive. Acts as a strong oxidizing agent. Heating to 114°C or above may cause a violent combustion or explosion producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides). May also decompose explosively from shock, friction or from a build-up of electrostatic charge that sparks suddenly to ground. Can begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in an explosion if mixed with reducing agents including hydrides, sulfides, and nitrides and numerous ordinary combustible materials. Reacts violently with Al, BP, cyanides, esters, PN2H, P, NaCN, SnCl2, sodium hypophosphite, and thiocyanates. Reacts with acids and with alkalis, including ammonia and amines. Must be stored in a cool, ventilated place, away from acute fire hazards and easily oxidized materials (Sax and Lewis, 1987 p.664).

7.38 kJ/g

Explosive Liquid

1.1A

0473

2

2-26/27/28-33-36-20/21/22-11-3

33-35-36/37-45-26-16

KW5600000

E,T+,Xn

Handle lightly; storeroom ventilated, away from open flames, high temperature, sunlight; stored separately from oxidants, flammable materials, food materials

High heat, vibration, impact, friction can be explosive

P210-P261-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P337 + P313-P403 + P235

H225-H302 + H312 + H332-H319

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Not compatible with strong acids and alkalies.

NIOSH; Criteria Document: Ethylene glycol dinitrate (1978) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 78-167

Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion. Explosive.

|Danger|H200: Unstable Explosive [Danger Explosives]|P201, P202, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P372, P373, P380, P401, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H200 (17.39%): Unstable Explosive [Danger Explosives]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 46 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P307+P311, P314, P321, P330, P372, P373, P380, P401, P405, and P501|H201: Explosive; mass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]|P210, P230, P240, P250, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P307+P311, P314, P321, P330, P370+P380, P372, P373, P401, P405, and P501

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. Provide: Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 1 mg/cu m: [Table#1540]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Ethylene glycol dinitrate (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Combustible liquid.

May explosively detonate violently from mechanical shock, friction, impact, or concussion.|... Ethylene glycol dinitrate can be explosive in ... pure form ...|... Highly explosive substance which, on explosion, liberates 1,705.3 cal/kg.|Explodes @ 114-116 °C

Evacuate area of fire ... Fight fires only from a secure, explosion-resistant position ... Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

Spread sodium bisulfate over the area and sprinkle with water. Then flush to sewer with water. Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep EGDN out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.

The prime consideration in the prodn and use of ethylene glycol dinitrate is the prevention of explosions: it is consequently necessary to adopt the same safety measures as those employed in the manufacture of nitroglycerin and in the explosives industry as a whole. ... Progress ... has been achieved by /use of/ remote control (by optical, mechanical or electronic means) of the most dangerous operations (in particular, milling) and by the automation of numerous processes such as nitration, mixing, cartridge filling, etc. Arrangements of this type have the advantage of reducing to a minimum both the number of workers exposed to direct contact with ethylene glycol dinitrate and the related exposure times, ... where workers are still exposed to ethylene glycol dinitrate, , ... safety & health measures are necessary. ... the concn of ethylene glycol dinitrate in the explosives mixture should be reduced depending on the ambient temp and in temperate-climate countries it should not exceed 20-25% ethylene glycol dinitrate; during the warm season, it may be appropriate to exclude ethylene glycol dinitrate completely. ... In order to reduce the inhalation hazard, it is necessary to control the atmospheric concn at the workplace by means of general ventilation, and, if necessary, air induction; local exhaust ventilation may entail an explosion hazard. ... Careful control of the temp of ethylene glycol dinitrate is extremely important in view of the product's volatility: it is recommmended that 22 °C should not be exceeded in areas occupied by workers, and 32 °C in premises where processes are remotely controlled.|... Essential that adequate skin protection be provided for each worker: impervious clothing where liquids are likely to contaminate and full body clothing where dust creates the problem. All clothing should be discarded at the end of the shift and clean work clothing provided each day. Showers should be taken at the end of each shift and prior to changing to street clothing. In case of spill or splash that contaminates work clothing, the clothes should be changed at once and the skin area washed thoroughly.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Ethylene glycol dinitrate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 Ceiling value: 0.2 ppm (1 mg/cu m). Skin designation.|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL STEL 0.1 mg/cu m, skin designation, is still enforced in some states.

Ceiling limit: 0.1 mg/cu m/20 min|NIOSH has concluded that workplace exposure to nitroglycerin and EGDN should be controlled so that workers are not exposed at concentrations that will cause vasodilation, as indicated by the development of throbbing headaches or decreases in blood pressure. This standard should also protect against the development of angina pectoris, other signs or symptoms of cardiac ischemia or heart damage, and against sudden death, as a result of working with nitroglycerin or ethylene glycol dinitrate and revealed by withdrawal to the vasodilatory activity of these substances during weekends or other periods of absence from regular exposure.|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Minute Short-Term Exposure Limit: 0.1 mg/cu m. Skin.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Store in a separate building. Separated from acids and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Well closed.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system. This may result in sudden lowering of blood pressure. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Medical observation is indicated. The effects may be delayed.

Repeated exposure leads to marked tolerance and short absence from exposure may lead to sudden death. Repeated exposure leads to marked tolerance and short absence from exposure may lead to sudden death.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Use non-sparking handtools. Do NOT expose to friction or shock.

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

highly toxic

Hyperthyroidism increases the acute toxicity of ethylene glycol dinitrate-glyceryl trinitrate (83:17), whereas hypothyroidism reduced it. Rats were treated with thyroxine and triiodothyronine, (100 and 20 ug/animal, respectively, daily for 17 days) and then given an LD50 dose of the nitrate mixture. Half of the control rats died, 93% of those treated with thyroxine, and 100% of those treated with triiodothyronine. All thyroidectomized rats survived a normal LD50 dose.

LD50 Rat oral 616 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Lower toxic limit: fish (perch) 5 mg/L, 3 to 4 days /Purity of compound not stated/

Human experience has indicated that those consuming alcohol are especially susceptible to ethylene glycol dinitrate poisoning.

Ethylene glycol dinitrate's production and use as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose explosives(1), as an explosive(2), and in low freezing explosives(3) may result in either its direct release to the environment or its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethylene glycol dinitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethylene glycol dinitrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a calculated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 0.072 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 6800 mg/L(4). Ethylene glycol dinitrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Ethylene glycol dinitrate was biodegraded to ethylene glycol mononitrate at a rate of 6.32 umol/hr/mg by Klebsiella oxytoca(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethylene glycol dinitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a calculated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 0.072 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 6800 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16 and 120 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.16(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Ethylene glycol dinitrate was biodegraded to ethylene glycol mononitrate at a rate of 6.32 umol/hr/mg by Klebsiella oxytoca(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethylene glycol dinitrate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.072 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylene glycol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Ethylene glycol dinitrate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethylene glycol dinitrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 22 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Ethylene glycol dinitrate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for ethylene glycol dinitrate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.16(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethylene glycol dinitrate can be estimated to be 40(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethylene glycol dinitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethylene glycol is calculated as 2.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 0.072 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 6800 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethylene glycol dinitrate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 16 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 120 days(SRC). Ethylene glycol dinitrate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Ethylene glycol dinitrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

MOST OF DATA ON TOXIC EFFECTS OF NITROGLYCOL ON WORKERS ARE FROM SUCH MIXTURES /AS ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE AND NITROGLYCERIN/. SINCE EGDN IS 160 TIMES MORE VOLATILE THAN NITROGLYCERIN, AND THE USUAL MIXTURES IN DYNAMITE ARE 60 OR 80% EGDN, & 40 OR 20% NITROGLYCERIN, FREQUENTLY THE VAPOR EXPOSURES ARE PRIMARILY DUE TO NITROGLYCOL.|Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol dinitrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylene glycol dinitrate is produced or used. (SRC)

In animals it is absorbed more rapidly through skin, lungs and gastrointestinal tract ... than nitroglycerin ...|... The magnitude of the dose obtained by the cutaneous route relative to that by inhalation is variable and unknown; EGDN is known, however, to be absorbed with considerable ease through the intact skin.|Nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate are absorbed through the lungs and the skin. Absorption through the skin is usually the major route of exposure for workers who have direct dermal contact with nitroglycerin or ethylene glycol dinitrate.|... The rate of disappearance of ethylene glycol dinitrate from human blood in vitro /was determined/. Concentrations of ethylene glycol dinitrate were measured by gas chromatography with an electron-capture dectector. One-half the ethylene glycol dinitrate disappeared in 20 hr from a human blood sample that had originally contained 0.18 ppm ethylene glycol dinitrate, in 10 hr from a sample that had contained 0.08 ppm ethylene glycol dinitrate, and in about 2 hr from a sample that had contained 0.04 ppm ethylene glycol dinitrate. Since the rate of disappearance was more rapid when ethylene glycol dinitrate concentrations were lower, the authors suggested that ethylene glycol dinitrate concentrations in human urine and blood be measured as soon as possible after the samples are taken.|Inorganic nitrate levels in the blood peaked in about 3.5 hr, then returned to normal levels in 12 hr. During this period, sufficient inorganic nitrate was excreted in the urine to account for approximately 60 percent of the amount of ethylene glycol dinitrate administered. The fate of the other 40 percent of inorganic nitrate is not known.

Ethylene glycol dinitrate incubated with rat whole blood or with erythrocytes broke down into inorg nitrate and ethylene glycol mononitrate (EGMN). Free ethylene glycol dinitrate in the blood of rats which were injected subcutaneously with ethylene glycol dinitrate (65 mg ethylene glycol dinitrate/kg) reached a peak 30 min after injection and fell to zero at 8 hr. Inorg nitrate was major metabolite found in urine from degradation of ethylene glycol dinitrate.|Ethylene glycol dinitrate in vivo is metabolized mainly into ethylene glycol mononitrate, which in turn is converted into inorganic nitrates and ethylene glycol ...|... When animals and humans are exposed to ethylene glycol dinitrate the material appears in the blood immediately, peaking in concn in about 30 min. Apparently it is rapidly metabolized, for it disappears in about 4 hr with very little found excreted in the urine. Blood analysis shows that inorganic nitrite, inorganic nitrate, and ethylene glycol mononitrate are the main metabolites.|Nitroglycol concn in the blood reached max 1 hr after its admin to mice. It decr rapidly, and only a trace amt was left at 6 hr. Sodium nitrate and ethylene glycol were metabolites of nitroglycol. The concn of sodium nitrate incr and peaked approx 3 hr after admin and remained almost constant thereafter. In contrast, the level of ethylene glycol reached a max at 2 hr after admin and declined thereafter.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for Ethylene glycol dinitrate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain; hypotension, flush, palpitations, angina; methemoglobinemia; delirium, central nervous system depression; irritation skin Target Organs: Skin, cardiovascular system, blood, liver, kidneys (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Humans /were exposed/ to ethylene glycol dinitrate by inhalation and /it caused/ severe cranioencephalic dilation as shown by an increase in systolic blood pressure, in cerebral flow, and in vasoelasticity with a reduction in local capillary resistance. The changes began almost immediately upon exposure and reached a maximum in 4 to 8 min and disappeared in 15 to 20 min. This corresponds with the presence of ethylene glycol dinitrate in the blood.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Thresholds for lowered blood pressure and headache among volunteers exposed to a mixture of nitroglycerin and EGDN showed an immediate fall in blood pressure and marked headache at 2 mg/cu m. A mean concentration of 0.7 mg/cu m for 25 minutes also produced lowered blood pressure and slight headache.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The minimum dose, applied as a 1 percent solution in alcohol, which causes headaches in /humans/, was reported as 18 to 35 mg.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: EGDN can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and may affect the cardiovascular system, causing a fall in blood pressure. High levels can interfere with the blood's ability to carry oxygen (methemoglobinemia). Exposure may result in death. The effects may be delayed. Skin contact can cause a rash or burning feeling on contact. Exposure to small amounts of ethylene glycol dintrate and/or nitroglycerin by skin exposure, inhalation, or swallowing may cause severe throbbing headaches. With large exposure, nausea, vomiting, cyanosis, palpitations of the heart, coma, cessation of breathing, and death may occur. A temporary tolerance to the headache may develop, but this is lost after a few days without exposure. On some occasions a worker may have anginal pains a few days after discontinuing repeated daily exposure. Long Term Exposure: EGDN can damage the heart causing pain in the chest and/or increased heart rate or cause arrhythmia (irregular heart beat). This can be fatal. High exposure may affect the nervous system. May damage the red blood cells leading to anemia.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Ethylene glycol dinitrate (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ethylene glycol dinitrate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain; hypotension, flush, palpitations, angina; methemoglobinemia; delirium, central nervous system depression; irritation skin; In Animals: anemia; liver, kidney damage

Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Weakness. Flushing of the face. Chest pain. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

Skin, cardiovascular system, blood, liver, kidneys

ESSENTIALLY 100% AS AN EXPLOSIVE INGREDIENT (1976)

Explosives manufacturing|1,2-Ethanediol, 1,2-dinitrate: ACTIVE|Ethylene glycol dinitrate is an excellent solvent for low-grade nitrocellulose, is comparable to nitroglycerin in explosive energy, and is less sensitive and more stable. It can detonate at high and low velocities (8000 and 100-3000 m/s) ... it is an excellent substitute for nitroglycerin in dynamite.|The increasing use of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil and slurry explosives to replace dynamites has greatly decreased the demand for ethylene glycol dinitrate.|ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE TO NITROGLYCERIN|Ethylene glycol dinitrate is mixed with nitroglycerin currently in a ratio of about 8:2, to lower the freezing point of the dynamite mixture and increase its stability, making it safer to manufacture and use.|A freezing-point depressant for nitroglycerine

Method: NIOSH 2507, Issue 2; Procedure: gas chromatography with electron capture detector; Analyte: ethylene glycol dinitrate; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.6 ug per sample.|Method: OSHA 43; Procedure: liquid chromatography with a thermal energy analyzer or an ultraviolet HPLC detector; Analyte: ethylene glycol dinitrate; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 2.0 ppb (12 ug/cu m).|Colorimetric methods for the determination of nitroglycol content in air are described.|High performance liquid chromatography and the technique of recovery on charcoal were used to identify ethylene glycol dinitrate in explosion debris. Detection at 254 nm was satisfactory for the relatively concentrated solution extracted from dynamite. The calibration curve for egdn at 10-140 ng was linear.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for Ethylene glycol dinitrate (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Ethylene glycol dinitrate was determined at using the thermal energy analyzer coupled with gas chromatography or HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Analyses of human blood are described.|Chromatographic and mass spectroscopic techniques for analyzing nitrate esters are discussed. Electron-capture negative ion mass spectra for cmpd, incl ethylene glycol dinitrate, are reported. Preliminary expt on blood indicate a limit of detection of 80 picogram/ml.|Analyte: ethylene glycol dinitrate; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and comparison to standards /ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in ethoxylated substances/