Cyclothiazide

389.88

389.88

218-859-7

P71U09G5BW

758431

DTXSID3022871

C65358

CRYSTALS FROM DILUTE ALCOHOL|WHITE TO NEARLY WHITE POWDER

C - Cardiovascular system

2935904000

135

1.6

Solid

1.6±0.1 g/cm3

234 °C

627.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

333.2±34.3 °C

1.654

2.79e-01 g/L

2-8°C

1.19E-15mmHg at 25°C

LD50 oral in rat: > 5gm/kg

PRACTICALLY ODORLESS

PKA: 10.7 IN WATER

NONH for all modes of transport

2

36/37/38

26-36

DK9610000

Xi

TABLETS, EXPIRATION DATE OF 5 YR

P305 + P351 + P338

H315-H319-H335

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 41 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Oral LD50 in mouse is > 10000 mg/kg, and > 4000 mg/kg in rat. Signs of overdose include those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered hypokalemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias.

...DIURETICS MAY INCR CONCN OF CLOTTING FACTORS BY LOSS OF PLASMA VOL & INCR CLOTTING FACTOR SYNTH BY REDUCING HEPATIC CONGESTION, THEREBY ANTAGONIZING EFFECT OF ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS. /DIURETICS, THIAZIDE/|CONCURRENT ADMIN OF THIAZIDE DIURETICS & MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS MAY INCR HYPOTENSION. /THIAZIDE DIURETICS/|...HYPOKALEMIA MAY INTENSIFY ACTION OF NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS. ... POTASSIUM-DEPLETING DIURETICS ARE KNOWN TO CAUSE HYPOKALEMIA & MAY ENHANCE THIS EFFECT. /DIURETICS/|THIAZIDES ENHANCE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTION OF GUANETHIDINE, ALLOWING DOSE OF GUANETHIDINE TO BE REDUCED & DECR INCIDENCE OF ADVERSE REACTIONS... /THIAZIDES/|For more Interactions (Complete) data for CYCLOTHIAZIDE (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cyclothiazide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. It is also indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension.

Antihypertensive Agents; Diuretics, Thiazide|LESS COMMON USAGES INCL TREATMENT OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS & MGMNT OF HYPERCALCIURIA IN PT WITH RECURRENT URINARY CALCULI COMPOSED OF CALCIUM. /THIAZIDES/|THIAZIDE DIURETICS ARE EFFECTIVE AS ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY IN EDEMA ASSOC WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS, & CORTICOSTEROID & ESTROGEN THERAPY, AS WELL AS EDEMA DUE TO VARIOUS FORMS OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION...& SEVERE EDEMA DUE TO PREGNANCY. /THIAZIDES/|CYCLOTHIAZIDE IS ORALLY EFFECTIVE DIURETIC & ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT. DIURESIS OCCURS WITHIN 2 HR & LASTS 18 TO 24 HR. ...IT MAY BE USED AS ADJUNCT TO OTHER ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS, SUCH AS RESERPINE & GANGLIONIC BLOCKING AGENTS.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for CYCLOTHIAZIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PLASMA POTASSIUM CONCN SHOULD BE DETERMINED PERIODICALLY IN PATIENTS WHO RECEIVE THIAZIDE DIURECTICS FOR EXTENDED PERIODS. /BENZOTHIADIAZIDES/|THIAZIDE DIURETICS ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN ANURIA, PATIENTS HYPERSENSITIVE TO THESE & OTHER SULFONAMIDE DRUGS, & IN OTHERWISE HEALTHY PREGNANT WOMEN WITH OR WITHOUT MILD EDEMA. ...SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL DISEASE, SINCE THEY MAY PPT AZOTEMIA. /THIAZIDES/|PERIODIC SERUM ELECTROLYTE DETERMINATION SHOULD BE DONE ON ALL PATIENTS IN ORDER TO DETECT ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE SUCH AS HYPONATREMIA, HYPOCHLOREMIC ALKALOSIS, & HYPOKALEMIA. /THIAZIDES/|DOMINANT ACTION OF THIAZIDES IS TO INCR RENAL EXCRETION OF SODIUM & CHLORIDE & ACCOMPANYING VOL OF WATER. ... THIAZIDES INHIBIT REABSORPTION OF SODIUM & ITS ATTENDANT ANION, CHLORIDE, IN DISTAL SEGMENT. /THIAZIDES/|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for CYCLOTHIAZIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3. 3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5 G/KG, BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1 PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB). /BENZOTHIADIAZIDE DIURETICS/

Like other thiazides, cyclothiazide promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). It inhibits Na⁺/Cl^- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. Cyclothiazide affects the distal renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. At maximal therapeutic dosages, all thiazides are approximately equal in their diuretic efficacy. Cyclothiazide increases excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. Natriuresis may be accompanied by some loss of potassium and bicarbonate.

Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function. (See all compounds classified as Diuretics.)|Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS. (See all compounds classified as Antihypertensive Agents.)

THIAZIDES ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT...MOST...SHOW DEMONSTRABLE DIURETIC EFFECT WITHIN HR AFTER ORAL ADMIN. ...THIAZIDES WITH RELATIVELY LONG DURATIONS...SHOW...BOTH BINDING TO PLASMA PROTEINS & REABSORPTION BY RENAL TUBULES. /THIAZIDES/|...THIAZIDES PROBABLY UNDERGO ACTIVE SECRETION IN PROXIMAL TUBULE. RENAL CLEARANCES OF DRUGS ARE HIGH & MAY BE EITHER ABOVE OR BELOW RATE OF FILTRATION. MOST COMPD ARE RAPIDLY EXCRETED WITHIN 3 TO 6 HR. /THIAZIDES/

Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron.Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron.|...BENZOTHIADIAZIDES HAVE DIRECT EFFECT ON RENAL TUBULAR TRANSPORT OF SODIUM & CHLORIDE THAT IS INDEPENDENT OF ANY EFFECT ON CARBONIC ANHYDRASE. ... /THEY/... HAVE PARALLEL DOSE-RESPONSE CURVES & COMPARABLE MAX CHLORURETIC EFFECTS. /BENZOTHIADIAZIDES/|RENAL ACTIONS OF THIAZIDE DIURETICS DECR EXTRACELLULAR FLUID & PLASMA VOL, CARDIAC OUTPUT, & TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM IN INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT ANY EVIDENCE OF CARDIAC FAILURE. ...SODIUM & WATER DEPLETION...BASIS FOR ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT. ...DIURETIC THIAZIDES RELAX PERIPHERAL ARTERIOLAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. /BENZOTHIADIAZIDES/|...AS ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS...EFFECTS APPEAR TO RESULT FROM ALTERED SODIUM BALANCE. ...DRUG-INDUCED SODIUM EXCRETION AS DETERMINANT OF REDUCTION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IS SUGGESTED...PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE IS DECR...DIRECT ACTION...ON ARTERIOLAR SMOOTH MUSCLE HAS BEEN SUGGESTED. /BENZOTHIADIAZIDES/|Thiazide diuretics increase urinary excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the early distal tubules. They increase the rate of delivery of tubular fluid and electrolytes to the distal sites of hydrogen and potassium ion secretion, while plasma volume contraction increases aldosterone production. The increased delivery and increase in aldosterone levels promote sodium reabsorption at the distal tubules, thus increasing the loss of potassium and hydrogen ions. /Thiazide diuretics/|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for CYCLOTHIAZIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Thiazide diuretic overdose should be treated by immediate evacuation of the stomach followed by supportive symptomatic treatment and monitoring of serum electrolyte concentrations and renal function. /Thiazide diuretic/

CLINICAL TOXICITY...USUALLY RESULTS FROM UNEXPECTED HYPERSENSITIVITY. CASES HAVE BEEN REPORTED WITH PURPURA, DERMATITIS WITH PHOTOSENSITIVITY, DEPRESSION OF FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD, & NECROTIZING VASCULITIS... /BENZOTHIADIAZIDES/|May suppress lactation, but compatible /SRP: with breast feeding/. /From table/

cyclothiazide

Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Pharmaceuticals