Endothal dipotassium salt

262.34272

261.964586

218-498-5

2902

DTXSID0034568

The water solution is an amber liquid.|Aquatic vegetation control

89.5

Dipotassium endothall appears as colorless crystals. Non-corrosive to metals. Used as an herbicide.

In water, 1.228X10+6 mg/L at 20 °C

Water soluble

Ethers

DIPOTASSIUM ENDOTHALL is the potassium salt a dibasic acid.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Endothall is irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute and chronic effects of dipotassium endothall on zooplankton densities and composition under field conditions were studied before and after the application of 5.0 mg/L dipotassium endothall to the 0.31 ha treatment pond. No differences were noted in the seasonal fluctuations of densities of Cladocera and Copepoda in treated and control ponds. No apparent changes in species composition or generic densities of Cladocerans were noted between the treatment pond and the control pond. Dipotassium endothall had no effect on either the Calanoida or Cyclopoida suborders of Copepoda.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute and behavioral toxicity to goldfish C. auratus was determined for the aquatic herbicides diquat and endothall, separately and combined as a 1:1 mixture by volume. Goldfish did not avoid the mixture at 0.11 mg/L diquat:0.17 mg/L endothall, but did avoid 10 times and 100 times this concentration. When exposed to the chemicals individually, goldfish did not avoid endothall at 0.17 or 1.70 mg/L, but avoided it at 17.0 mg/L; they did not avoid diquat at 0.11 mg/L but avoided it at 1.10 and 11.0 The 96 hr median tolerance limit was 372 mg/L for endothall, 85 mg/L for diquat and 64 mg/L diquat:64 mg/L endothall for the mixture. The mixture and the separate herbicides did not cause lesions on the gills, cephalic lateral line, nares or taste buds of fish exposed for 96 hr at concentrations <32 mg/L.|/FIELD STUDIES/ Dipotassium endothall was added to a 0.31-ha pond at 5 mg/L. A second pond, fed by the same nearby lake, served as a control. Endothall residues were not detectable in bluegill fish before treatment. They rose to 0.02 mg/L at 2 hr after treatment and 0.04 mg/L at 1 day after treatment, then dropped to undetectable levels by day 3. Male bluegills grew 29.4 mm in length during the first 6 months in the treated pond and 35.3 mm in the control pond. Female bluegills grew 34.7 mm in the treatment pond and 40.8 mm in the control pond. From 6 months to 18 months after treatment 23.0% of the first generation bluegills survived in the treated pond, as compared to 33.7% in the control pond. During the next year, survival rates were 60.5% and 67.3%, respectively. Growth during this time was 75.1 mm in the treated pond and 91.9 mm in the control pond. At the end of that year, the mean total length of the offspring of these fish was 47.7 mm in the control pond and 24.3 mm in the treated pond. Mean weight was 1.51 g in the control pond and 0.20 g in the treated pond. The fish population was denser in the treated pond.|/FIELD STUDIES/ The rate of dissipation /and possible fish toxicity/ of the disodium or potassium salts of endothall was studied in farm reservoirs and in growth pools. ... Reservoir applications ranged from 0.1 to 3.0 ppm. ... The endothall dissipated to <0.03 ppm to 8 to 20 days in four of the 14 applications. The overall average dissipation was 71% at 12 days in the reservoirs. Water temperature, pH, etc. did not seem to have any direct effect upon the dissipation. ...No toxic effects were observed in the fish present; i.e., smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and mosquito fish (Gambusia /affinis/). In the growth tanks, ...though several mosquito fish were killed, the evidence suggests that this may not have been due to endothall because the mortality rate was not influenced by the concentration... .

/Endothall/ is well absorbed across abraded skin and from the gastrointestinal tract.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Ingestions of these herbicides are likely to be followed by vomiting and diarrhea due to the irritant properties. ... Activated charcoal is probably effective in limiting irritant effects and reducing absorption of most or all of these herbicides. Aluminum hydroxide antacids may be useful in neutralizing the irritant actions of mose acidic agents. Sorbitol should be given to induce catharsis if bowel sounds are present and if spontaneous diarrhea has not already commenced. Dehydration and electrolyte disturbances may be severe enough to require intravenous fluids. There are no specific antidotes for poisoning by these herbicides. /Other Herbicides/|If there are indications of corrosive effect in the pharynx, gastric intubation should not be attempted because of the risk of esophageal perforation. Treatment procedures appropriate for ingestion of corrosives (strong acids alkalis) may be necessary. /Endothall/|Oxygen should be given by mask. If respiratory drive is weak, pulmonary ventilation may have to be supported mechanically. Monitor blood pressure closely. Infusions of plasma, blood, other volume expanders, and pressors may be needed to combat shock. Administer intravenous fluids to correct dehydration, stabilize electrolytes, provide sugar, and support mechanisms for toxicant disposition. /Endothall/|Give vasoactive amines very carefully in light of possible myocardiopathy. Seizures may require administration of diazepam and/or other anticonvulsants. /Endothall/|It is not known whether hemodialysis or hemoperfusion would be effective in removing endothall from the blood. This option should be considered if the patient's condition deteriorates despite supportive care. /Endothall/

/CASE REPORTS/ A 23-year-old adult ingested 40 mL of endothall. He vomited spontaneously four times. In one hour he developed abdominal pain and vomited again. Within 6 hours he complained of abdominal pain and dyspnea. In the next several hours he vomited bright red blood and developed hypotension, acidosis, anuria, and cardiovascular collapse. He expired in 12 hours after the initial ingestion.

7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, potassium salt (1:2): INACTIVE