Phenethyl alcohol

122.16

122.16

1905732

200-456-2

ML9LGA7468

0936

759116|406252

2810

TSCA listed

DTXSID9026342

Clear colorless

29062990

20.2

1.4

Clear colorless Liquid

1.020 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)

-27 °C (lit.)

219-221 °C/750 mmHg (lit.)

216 °F

n20/D1.5317(lit.)

20 g/L (20 ºC)

Store at RT.

1 mm Hg ( 58 °C)

4.21 (vs air)

LD50 orally in rats: 1790 mg/kg (Jenner)

Flammable; burning produces irritating fumes

1.4-11.9%(V)

floral odor of roses

INITIALLY SLIGHTLY BITTER TASTE THEN SWEET & REMINISCENT OF PEACH

6-7 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)

15.17±0.10(Predicted)

1.7×101mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Brockbank (2013)

121.2 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/L IS EQUIVALENT TO 200.2 PPM & 1 PPM IS EQUIVALENT TO 500 MG/CU M AT 25 °C, 760 MM HG|CONGEALING POINT 101 °C|The pure compound is difficult to crystallize because it tends to supercool to a glass. In addition, it forms a number of azeotropes.

2-Phenylethanol|B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)|2 samples had 10, 12 ppm, age >1 yrs|Kelly

410 °C

Store below +30°C.

III

6.1

UN 2810 6.1/PG 3

1

Xn

26-28-36/37-36/37/39

SG7175000

Xn

Phenylethyl alcohol is stable in bulk, but is volatile and sensitive to light and oxidizing agents. It is reasonably stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving. If stored in low-density polyethylene containers, phenylethyl alcohol may be absorbed by the containers. Losses to polypropylene containers have been reported to be insignificant over 12 weeks at 30°C. Sorption to rubber closures is generally small.The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong acids and strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.

P301 + P312 + P330-P305 + P351 + P338

21/22-36/38-36-22

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Incompatible with oxidizing agents and protein, e.g. serum. Phenylethyl alcohol is partially inactivated by polysorbates, although this is not as great as the reduction in antimicrobial activity that occurs with parabens and polysorbates.

Phenethyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

2810

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H302 (81.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P313, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2636 companies from 36 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P312, P322, P330, P337+P313, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.1-7.5

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. If swallowed the substance may cause vomiting and could result in aspiration pneumonitis.

Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

NO open flames.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, 2-phenylethanol was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences, median concn in ppb): timber products (5; 252.4), leather tanning (1; 140.1), iron and steel mfg (1; 18.7), nonferrous metals (2; 8.9), paint and ink (1; 37.7), organics and plastics (9; 31.1), textile mills (2; 14.9), pulp and paper (2; 44.3), rubber processing (1; 20.7), soaps and detergents (4; 182.1), pharmaceuticals (3; 301.2), explosives (1; 14.3), electronics (1; 176.2), synfuels (68; 262.4), publicly owned treatment works (10; 40.5), rum industry (10; 489.2)(1). Industries with maximum effluent concns above 1 ppm were: organics and plastics, 4.5 ppm; synfuels, 31.1 ppm, and the rum industry 4.6 ppm(1).|2-Phenylethanol has been reported in effluent from a publicly-owned treatment works (POTW) in New Jersey(1), the Iona Island wastewater treatment plant in Vancouver, British Colombia(2) and in leachate from a sanitary landfill in Barcelona, Spain(3). It was found in wastewater of a petrochemical company that discharged into the Calcasieu River, LA(4).

It was detected in the headspace of a liquid wax recommended for marble, ceramic, linoleum, plastic, and varnished wood floors(1). It was found in the headspace of 21 of 31 consumer products tested making it the 4th most common chemical found in fragrance products(2). It is also found in cigarette smoke(3).

moderately toxic

LD50 Mouse oral 0.8-1.5 g/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 0.4-0.8 g/kg|LD50 Rat oral 1.79 and 2.46 g/kg|LD50 Mouse ip injection 0.4-0.8 g/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-PHENYLETHANOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Phenylethanol is a natural product. It has been found in fresh tearose leaves(1). The alcohol, as well as a number of its esters, has been isolated from a great variety of natural sources including oranges, Plumeria acutifolia oil, Japanese tobacco leaf oil, yland-ylang, narcissus, hyacinth, lily, and tea leaves(2). Other natural essential oils containing 2-phenylethanol include: rose, carnation, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, geranium Bourbon, neroli and champaca(3).|/ALSO REPORTED FOUND/ IN TOBACCO... IT HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED IN WINES.|REPORTED FOUND (AS IS OR ESTERIFIED) IN SEVERAL NATURAL PRODUCTS: ROSE CONCRETE, ROSE ABSOLUTE (60% OR MORE), & ROSE DISTILLATION WATERS; ALSO FOUND IN ESSENTIAL OILS OF NEROLI, YLANG-YLANG, NARCISSUS, HYACINTH, LILY, TEA LEAVES, MICHELIA CHAMPACA, PANDAMUS ODORATISSIMUS, CONGO & REUNION GERANIUM...

2-Phenylethanol may be released to the environment during its manufacture, transport, disposal(SRC), and use as an intermediate in organic synthesis and as a fragrance in perfumes, soaps, and other products, a flavoring, antibacterial, and preservative(1,2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), an estimated Koc value of 29(SRC), derived from a molecular structure estimation method(1), suggests that 2-phenylethanol will have very high mobility in soil(SRC). 2-Phenylethanol is estimated to have a Koc of 29(1,SRC) and therefore would be expected to be very mobile in soil(2) and would be likely to leach. Limited data in an aerobic screening test(3) indicate that it is readily biodegradable and therefore may readily biodegrade in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: The Henry's Law constant for 2-phenylethanol estimated from its vapor pressure, 0.0868 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 16,000 mg/L(2), is 1.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mol(SRC). Using this value of the Henry's Law constant, one can estimate a volatilization half-life of 2-phenylethanol in a model river 1 m deep flowing at 1 m/s with a wind speed of 3 m/s is 46.5 days(3,SRC). 2-Phenylethanol has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in an aerobic screening test(4) and therefore may biodegrade in natural water(SRC). Based on a recommended classification scheme(7), an estimated Koc value of 29(SRC), determined from molecular structure(5), indicates that 2-phenylethanol will not adsorb to sediment and particulate matter in the water column(SRC). An estimated BCF value of 6(SRC), based on a log Kow of 1.36(6) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), suggest that 2-phenylethanol will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(8).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a theory of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(2), 2-phenylethanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0868 mm Hg at 25 °C(3) will exist as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase 2-phenylethanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.6 days(1,SRC). 2-Phenylethanol solubility in water is 16,000 mg/L(4), and therefore it may be washed out of the atmosphere by rain(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-phenylethanol with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is estimated as 10.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a molecular structure-based estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1.6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).

A BCF of 6 was estimated for 2-phenylethanol (SRC), using its log Kow of 1.36(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that 2-phenylethanol has a low potential for bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms(SRC).

31.62 L/kg|Using an estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-phenylethanol is estimated to be 29(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that 2-phenylethanol will have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-phenylethanol estimated from its vapor pressure, 0.0868 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 16,000 mg/L(2), is 1.5X10-7 atm-cu m/mol(SRC). Using this value for the Henry's Law constant, one can estimate a volatilization half-life of 2-phenylethanol in a model river 1 m deep flowing at 1 m/s with a wind speed of 3 m/s is 46.5 days(3,SRC). 2-Phenylethanol's relatively low Henry's Law constant and vapor pressure suggest that volatilization from moist and dry soil surfaces will be minimal(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: 2-Phenylethanol was invariably found in monthly sampling of two ponds holding wastes from olive oil production(2). While the concns were not reported, it was noted that 2-phenylethanol reached its maximum concn in the summer months.

2-Phenylethanol has been identified as a volatile component of following foods: tea(1), mushrooms(1), orange juice(2), beer (8-15 ppm)(2), Korean chamchwi(3), casava(4), filberts(5) and Kogyoku apples(6). It has also been identified in meat(7,8), blue cheese(9), a Swiss Mountain cheese(10) and wine(11).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 76,183 workers are potentially exposed to 2-phenylethanol in the USA(1). Ninety-nine percent of exposures are to trade name chemicals containing 2-phenylethanol(1).|The general population is exposed to 2-phenylethanol in foods and in consumer products such as soaps and detergents. Exposure would be by ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. Occupational exposure to 2-phenylethanol would be by dermal contact and inhalation. (SRC)

Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Disinfectants; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical|Phenylethyl alcohol ... has been used in 0.5% conc as an antibacterial agent in ophthalmic solutions. /Phenylethyl alcohol/

3. 3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5 G/KG; BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1 PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) (See all compounds classified as Disinfectants.)|Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)|Substances added to pharmaceutical preparations to protect them from chemical change or microbial action. They include ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS and antioxidants. (See all compounds classified as Preservatives, Pharmaceutical.)

2-PHENYLETHANOL YIELDS PHENYLACETYLALDEHYDE IN RABBITS: SMITH JM ET AL, BIOCHEM J, 56, 320, 1954. /FROM TABLE/|Phenylethyl alcohol is oxidized almost entirely to the corresponding acid. Metabolites excreted in urine following oral doses of 0.2 to 0.3 g/kg to rabbits were phenaceturic acid, the glycine conjugate of phenylacetic acid, 42%; glucosidurinic acid, 5%; and an ether-soluble acid, probably phenylacetic acid, 19%. Only 66% of the original dose could be accounted for. /Phenylethyl alcohol/|... beta-Phenylethyl alcohol is a substrate for ADH, with an initial rate of oxidation nearly as high as that of allyl alcohol and appreciably greater than that of ethanol.

Common impurities are benzaldehyde, benzylacetone, 1-phenyl-2-propanol, and phenylacetaldehyde.

Phenylethanol is an irritant of the eyes and a teratogen in rats.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

PHENETHYL ALCOHOL 0.5% IN 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE APPLIED AS EYEDROPS TO PT IS REPORTED TO CAUSE SENSATION OF SMARTING IN ABOUT 3 OF 4 PT, BUT TO PRODUCE ONLY OCCASIONAL SLIGHT CONJUNCTIVAL HYPEREMIA.|... A patch test using phenyl ethyl alcohol full strength for 24 hr produced no irritation in 20 human subjects. A skin sensitization test carried out on 25 volunteers at a conc of 8% in petrolatum produced no sensitization reactions.|Similar threshold conc (0.5%) for conjunctival irritation were noted for phenethyl alcohol in humans and rabbits ... . /Phenethyl alcohol/

2 Phenylethanol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol or vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Nausea.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Approximately 85% of production is employed for fragrance use.

GRADES: TECHNICAL; NF; FCC.|ASSAY 99% MIN.|Perfume-grade

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Benzeneethanol: ACTIVE|The Bouveault-Blanc Reduction method of synthesis in which phenylacetic ester is reduced with sodium and alcohol and Leonard's Method in which toluene is chlorinated to benzyl chloride which is then converted to phenylacetic ester, and then to PEA are primarily of historic interest.|Most of the 2-phenylethanol presently being manufactured is produced by the essentially one-step Friedel-Craft process, although the Grignard synthesis and catalytic hydrogenation of styrene oxide are presently used.|The Friedel-Craft method has been exhaustively studied to optimize reaction conditions and purification procedures. Because of the high reactivity of the intermediates and the tendency toward polymer formation, critical factors ... must be carefully balanced to provide an economical product with acceptable odor properties.|Most of the commercial product is satisfactorily purified using continuous vacuum fractionation. For highest purity, purification via the borate ester is required.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Preservatives and Antioxidants|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Cosmetics -> Deodorant

Flavoring Agents