Trimethyltin chloride

199.267

199.27

213-917-8

9E3BCA3684

92613|12088

3146|2786

DTXSID6042496

Colorless needles

2931900090

0

-0.93

Trimethyltin chloride is a solid. (EPA, 1998)

1.645 g/cm³ @ Temp: 40 °C

37.5 °C

154-156 °C

11.8±22.6 °C

Miscible in water

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Salts, Acidic

TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE is in the family of tin compounds widely used as stabilizers for plastics, additives to paint(as antifouling agents). Some have catalytic properties. Examples include butyl tin, dibutyl tin oxide. Their main hazard is associated with their high toxicity, in skin adsorption or inhalation.

II

6.1

UN 3146 6.1/PG 2

3

R26/27/28;R50/53

S28-S36/37-S45-S61-S27-S26-S16-S60

WH6850000

T+:Verytoxic;N:Dangerous for the environment;

P260-P264-P273-P280-P284-P301 + P310

H300 + H310 + H330-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of chlorides. Avoid decomposing heat. (EPA, 1998)|Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 47 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Trimethyltin chloride is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered for and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

The concn of trimethyltin in the effluent of two municipal sewage treatment plants in Germany was 0.5 and 5 ng Sn/l while that of a producer of organotin compounds was 770 ng Sn/l(1).

SEDIMENT: The only monitoring data located were for trimethyltin ((CH3)3Sn+) without regard for the identity of the accompanying anion(s) and concn was reported in Sn equivalents(1). Trimethyltin was detected and quantified in 10 of 235 samples of the top 2 cm of sediment from bodies of surface water in Canada sampled between 1982-1985 at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.75 ppm Sn (dry wt) (average concn of pos, quantified samples = 0.14 ppm Sn (dry wt) (limit of detection = approx 3.3 ppb Sn (dry wt))(1). Trimethyltin was not detected in sediment from one site in Michigan and six sites in New York state(1).|SEDIMENT: Sediment from a tributary of the Rhine with a high input of sewage contained 27 ng Sn/g dry wt of trimethyltin(1). Intertidal sediments at a restricted site downstream from the shipyards in the Sado estuary, Portugal reached levels of 120 ng/g dry wt for trimethyltin, over an order of a magnitude higher than samples taken in March(2). This has been ascribed to the cleaning of ships in spring and points up the large seasonal variability in anthropogenic organotin levels. Fluvial, intertidal, and marine levels of trimethyltin at other sites in the Sado Estuary were 4.2, 4.1-15, and 6.0 ng/g, respectively(2). Acid extractable and methylated tin was monitored seasonally in the three Mediterranean estuaries in Turkey between 1982 and 1983(3). All methylated species were found in sediments although dimethyltin was dominant in the cooler seasons. Seasonal average concns of trimethyltin were 0.1-4.28 ng/g(3).

LD50 Mouse intravenous 1800 ug/kg|LD50 Rat oral 12,600 ug/kg|LD50 Rat ip 7450 ug/kg

Trimethyltin compounds may occur in the environment as a result of the biological or chemical methylation of inorganic tin or organotin compounds from natural or anthropogenic sources(1).

Trimethyltin chloride as one of a class of triorganotins may have been used experimentally as a pesticide(1). However, wide-spread use of trimethyltin chloride as a pesticide has not occurred(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trimethyltin chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trimethyltin chloride from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since trimethyltin chloride will dissociate in water to the trimethyltin cation and ions will not volatilize. The potential for volatilization of trimethyltin chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 26 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). Trimethyltin chloride may be susceptible to biodegradation in soil based upon the observation that the tributyltin species obtained by dissolution of tributyltin oxide in water are sequentially degraded to dibutyltin, monobutyltin, and finally to inorganic tin in water/sediment mixture or water(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trimethyltin chloride is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to occur(3) since trimethyltin chloride will dissociate in water to the trimethyltin cation and ions will not volatilize. This compound is expected to exist in the cation form in the environment and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Based upon complete solubility in water(4), bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low. Trimethyltin chloride may be methylated in sediments by either a chemical or biological process resulting in the formation of tetramethyltin(5). Trimethyltin chloride may be susceptible to biodegradation in water based upon the observation that the tributyltin species obtained by dissolution of tributyltin oxide in water are sequentially degraded to dibutyltin, monobutyltin, and finally to inorganic tin in water/sediment mixture or water(6).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trimethyltin chloride, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 26 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trimethyltin chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). The compound may be susceptible to direct photolysis based upon the absorption of UV light >290 nm by tri-, di-, and monobutyltin compounds(4).

Trimethyltin compounds such a trimethyltin chloride exist in aqueous solution as mixtures of hydrated trimethyltin cation and trimethyltin hydroxide, the composition of which varies with pH(1-3). Trimethyltin cation reacts with water and behaves like a simple protic acid due to the resulting formation of hydronium ion and trimethyltin hydroxide(2). At pH 6.6, equal concn of the cationic and hydroxide forms are present in aqueous solution, and at higher and lower pH, the hydroxide and cationic forms predominate, respectively(2). In seawater, the chloride ion may compete effectively with hydroxide ions resulting in the presence of trimethyltin chloride in the mixture of trimethyltin species(4). Trimethyltin hydroxide is converted to tetramethyltin in both sterile and nonsterile sediments, indicating that methlyation of this compound may be a chemical rather than a biological process(1). Trimethyltin compounds may react with sulfides present in sediment, leading to the formation of bis(trimethyltin) sulfide which may disproportionate to tetramethyltin and dimethyltin-sulfide compounds(1). Preliminary results on the methylation of mono-, di-, and trimethyltin indicate the possibility of Me-transfer to them by naturally occurring Me-donors such as methylcobalamin(5). This would result in the formation of volatile tetramethyltin which would be expected to escape to the atmosphere. Trimethyltin chloride may be susceptible to photooxidation by photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere(SRC).|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trimethyltin chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1).

Based upon complete trimethyltin chloride solubility in water(1), bioconcentration of the compound in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important process(SRC).

The Freundlich parameters, log k and 1/n, for trimethyltin to sediment were 0.69 and 0.764, respectively(1). Therefore, the adsorption of the compound to sediments and suspended particulate matter in natural waters and to soil is not expected to be an important process(SRC). Removal of trimethyltin chloride under simulated estuarine conditions (water with varied NaCl, fulvic acid, and hydrous iron oxides concn) was from 15 to 28% suggesting that trimethyltin chloride will be predominantly in the dissolved phase in estuarine waters(2).|Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for trimethyltin chloride can be estimated to be 49(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trimethyltin chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Trimethyltin compounds such as trimethyltin chloride exist in aqueous solution as mixtures of hydrated trimethyltin cation and trimethyltin hydroxide the composition of which varies with pH(1-3). The cationic species will not volatilize from water(SRC). The potential for volatilization of trimethyltin chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 26 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).

SURFACE WATER: The only monitoring data located were for trimethyltin ((CH3)3Sn+) without regard for the identity of the accompanying anion(s) and concn was often reported in Sn equivalents(1). Trimethyltin was detected and quantified in 3 of 214 samples of unfiltered subsurface water from 209 locations in Canada sampled between 1982-1985 at concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 0.18 ppb Sn (average concn of pos, quantified samples = 0.0.16 ppb Sn; limit of detection = approx 3.3 parts/trillion Sn)(1). Trimethyltin was not detected in six sites in New York state nor in the one sample taken in Michigan(1).|SURFACE WATER: Trimethyltin was found in unfiltered subsurface water at a site in Lake Superior at 0.05 ug/l(1). Inorganic and methylated tin was monitored seasonally in the Lamas River and estuary in Turkey between 1982 and 1983(2). No methylated tin species were detected in the river water. In the Lamas River Estuary, dimethyltin was observed in winter and spring of 1983 and all methyl tin species were detected in the summer of 1983 when the levels of inorganic tin was very high compared with other sampling periods; the range of trimethyltin concns were 2.0-9.7 ng/l. In another bay, dimethyltin was again found in the spring, but all three methyl species were detected in the summer; the trimethyltin mean concn was 2.53 ng/l. The appearance of methyltin species appear to originate with seasonal changes in microbial organisms. However studies at one of the more industrialized bays indicate that with a continuous flux of inorganic tin into productive coastal waters, methylation may occur(2). The only monitoring data located were for trimethyltin ((CH3)3Sn+) without regard for the identity of the accompanying anion(s) and concn was often reported in Sn equivalents(3). Trimethyltin was detected and quantified in 3 of 214 samples of unfiltered subsurface water from 209 locations in Canada sampled between 1982-1985 at concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 0.18 ppb Sn (average concn of pos, quantified samples = 0.0.16 ppb Sn; limit of detection = approx 3.3 parts/trillion Sn)(3). Trimethyltin was not detected in six sites in New York state nor in the one sample taken in Michigan(3).

Occupational exposure to trimethyltin chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trimethyltin chloride is produced or used. (SRC)

... After a single gastric dose of 4.0 mg/kg trimethyltin chloride (2.4 mg tin/kg) to rats, the blood and brain concn of trimethyltin (expressed as tin) were 39 ug/ml and 1.3 ug/g, respectively, while ... after the 4th weekly dose of 4.0 mg/kg the corresponding concn were 120 ug/ml and 3.5 ug/g. In the marmoset treated with 3.0 mg/kg trimethyltin chloride (1.8 mg tin/g), the brain concn of trimethyltin corresponded to 1.53 ug/g at 24 and 0.74 ug/g at 48 hr, but between 48 and 92 hr there was hardly any loss of tin. ... The brain concn of trimethyltin 48 hr after treatment was the same in the rat and the marmoset, but when concn is corrected for blood content of the brain, the marmoset brain had nearly three times as much trimethyltin as the rat brain.|Naive rats injected with lithium chloride at various times following consumption of a novel saccharin solution subsequently avoided the ingestion of saccharin with the degree of the aversion related to the interval between ingestion and lithium chloride administration. Although a similar relationship was also evident in animals which had received a single intragastric administration of trimethyltin chloride 21 days prior to the pairing of saccarin and lithium chloride, the trimethyltin-pretreated subjects receiving delayed injections of lithium chloride displayed weaker taste aversions than those not trimethyltin. This disruption in the acquisition of taste aversions over long delays is consistent with other work suggesting that trimethyltin disrupts tasks involving short-term memory. The utility of the conditioned taste aversion paradigm in detecting and characterizing drug toxicity was discussed.|In vitro exposure of PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes to organotin compounds resulted in statistically significant increases in the frequencies of hyperdiploid cells. When taken together with our previous study demonstrating spindle inhibiting effects of the same organotin compounds by an indirect method, the present study strongly indicates that organotin compounds are able to induce aneuploidy, probably by affecting spindle function.|This study was designed to extend and confirm previous work to assess the distribution of (14)C labeled trimethyltin to liver, kidney, adrenal and fat. A comparison was also made of the maternal and fetal disposition of (14)C derived from labeled trimethyltin when administered at two different periods of gestation, days 12 and 17, to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were injected with 7.0 mg/kg trimethyltin chloride. The neuropathology seen following an in utero exposure to trimethyltin was much less severe than that observed after either neonatal or adult exposure to trimethyltin. The fetuses of dams expose on either gestational day 12 or 17 received substantial amounts of radiolabel derived from and in the form of (14)C trimethyltin. Peak radiolabel concentrations in gestational day 12 maternal and fetal brain were only 11 to 30 percent of those levels seen in gestational day 17 animals. Trimethyltin apparently readily crossed the placenta and entered the fetal blood and tissue, including the brain. There was no selective distribution of trimethyltin within the brain such as brainstem versus cerebrum versus cerebellum of the fetus or pup exposed in-utero or within the brain of the maternal rat exposed during gestation.

The clearance of trimethyltin is slower /than triethyltin/. Brain and blood concn, estimated 1 and 8 days after the last of 4 weekly doses, indicated a very much slower /rate than triethyltin/, approx 16 day clearance half-time. The clearance of trimethyltin in the marmoset was also slow from the brain; but from blood, probably because of the absence of binding to hemoblobin, it cleared with a half-time of 4 days. /Trimethyltin compounds/

Biochemical investigations in /trimethyltin/ poisoning revealed a reduction in glutamate & GABA uptake & synthesis with an incr synaptic release of glutamate in the hippocampus. this release of glutamate, together with a depletion of hippocampal zinc & an inhibition & damage of dentate basket cells by TMT, will also promote neuronal hyperexcitation. ... One of the consequences of the hypoxic condition of the nervous system is the release of glutamate & neuronal excitation. This neuronal excitation may be initiated at the entorhinal cortex, & the cascade of excitation will progress along the limbic circuitry... . /Trimethyltin/

(Non-Specific -- Tin Compounds, Organic) The material is an irritant to the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Contact may specifically damage the following target organs: central nervous system, eyes, liver, urinary tract, and skin. (EPA, 1998)

Signs and Symptoms of Trimethyltin Chloride Exposure: Acute exposure to trimethyltin chloride may result in the following signs and symptoms: irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; headache, blurring vision, facial flushing, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, and general malaise. Respiratory signs include coughing, shortness of breath, and a burning sensation in the chest. Bradycardia (slowed heart rate), hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and loss of consciousness may occur. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to trimethyltin chloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to trimethyltin chloride. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to trimethyltin chloride. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If not pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of trimethyltin chloride is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of trimethyltin chloride may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show not signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

In a ... chemical firm in 1981 several serious cases of intoxication arose due to trimethyltin chloride, which was developed as a byproduct in small quantities during production of dimethyltin dichloride & methyltin trichloride. Six employees became ill who had worked directly at the access opening of the reactor or who had entered the reactor. After a latent period ... between a few hr & 2 or 3 days the first symptoms appeared, such as headache, pressure sensation in the ears, tiredness, and unsteady gait. Loss of hearing was observed very early in all cases, and was partly the very first symptom. Observers noticed retarded psychological response and difficulties in finding the right words. ... On admission to the hospital a reddening of the skin was conspicuous in all patients, particularly in the neck and facial areas ... /which/ had been uncovered during work. Punctiform skin eruption was noticed in other parts of the body. In the following 2-7 days conditions grew ... worse, predominantly characterized by cerebral symptoms. The following stages may be distinguished: 1. stupor, psychic retardation, vertigo, forgetfulness; 2. confused state, impaired orientation in time and space, somnolence; 3. hallucinations, agitation, aggressiveness, attempts to escape: 4. respiratory depression or even failure (in 3 cases). In the case of one patient, as early as the second day ... two epileptic attacks in the form of the twilight state were registered. ... After about 10 days one patient died. Death was caused by cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, and kidney failure. In 3 patients the symptoms, incl loss of hearing, gradually receded. For a long time the patient suffered from: 1. pronounced retrograde amnesia, particularly for the period of exposure and acute affection; 2. prolonged deficiency of memory, particularly affecting the short-term memory; 3. muscular weakness and pains which were described by the patient as being similar to pains after muscular exertion; 4. unsteady gait. The intoxication resulted in permanent damage for two patients: in one case severe central disfunctioning persisted, mainly in the form of speech disorders and a choreatic state with the result that the patient is unable to walk or eat without help. The other patient suffered from a change in character, eg, in the form of aggressive behavior patterns and a high degree of forgetfulness. ...|Trimethyltin chloride and triethyltin chloride ... are highly neurotoxic and cause neurological and psychiatric symptoms which are easily misjudged.|The clastogenicity of trimethyltin chloride was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes with micronucleus counts as the endpoint. Two concentrations (0.5 ug and 1.0 ug) of trimethyltin chloride were added to lymphocytes of healthy male and female subjects of different age groups, in mitogen-stimulated and serum-supplemented culture medium (RPMI 1640, Gibco) for 48 hr at 37 °C. A significant increase in micronucleus counts was observed with doses, which was more pronounced with the lower dose. ANOVA in male and female donors revealed significant differences between age groups (P< 0.0001), chemical concentrations (P< 0.001) and for the interaction of these 2 factors (P< 0.05 in females only). However, no regular increase or decrease in micronucleus counts frequencies was observed with the donor's age. Higher frequencies of micronucleus counts enhancement were observed in male individuals than in females.|The effects of trimethyltin chloride on human preipheral blood lymphocytes were studied in vitro. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated from venous blood samples obtained from 143 volunteers, 79 males, and incubated with 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ug/5 ml trimethyltin chloride for 72 hours. The cultures were assayed for mitotic index, micronuclei, total number of abnormal cells, frequency os sister chromatid exchanges, frequency of chromosomal aberrations, and replicative index. Trimethyltin chloride significantly reduced the mitotic and replicative indices and increased the frequency of micronuclei. The frequencies of abnormal cells, chromosome aberrations per cell, and sister chromatid exchanges calculated as sister chromatid exhanges per cell and sister chromatid exhanges per chromosome were increased. The most frequently seen chromosome aberrations were breaks, gaps, dicentrics, and triradial and quadriradial exchanges. These effects were more pronounced in lymphocytes from smokers. The increases in abnormal cells and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes from smokers increased with increasing trimethyltin chloride dose when compared with those from nonsmokers. /It was/ concluded that trimethyltin chloride significantly affects cell cycle kinetics and induces micronuclei formation, chromosome aberrations, and sister chromatid exchanges in human peripheral blood lumphocytes. These effects are aggravated by smoking.

trimethyltin chloride

Stannane, chlorotrimethyl-: ACTIVE|Triorganotin compounds have been used experimentally in controlled-release formulations to control the infective snail vector in the debilitating tropical disease schistosomiasis (bilharzia) and to control mosquitoes in stagnant ponds. As yet, the large-scale use of such methods has little support in the host third world countries where these problems are most severe. /Triorganotin compounds/

Fire Hazards -> Reactive - 1st degree