Dithranol

226.23

226.23

2054360

214-538-0

U8CJK0JH5M

755873|629313|43970

DTXSID7024538

C28827

D - Dermatologicals

29144000

57.5

4.16

Lemon yellow leaflets or plates or an orange powder. Melting point 176-181°C. No odor or taste. Insoluble in water. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used as a treatment for psoriasis.

1.419±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

179 °C

464.1±45.0 °C(Predicted)

248.6±25.2 °C

1.710

Insoluble in water. soluble in acetic acid, chloroform (20 mg/mL), acetone, benzene, solutions of alkali hydroxides, fixed oil. Slightly soluble in 95% ethanol, alcohol, ether, and glacial acetic acid.less than 1 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992)

2-8°C

5.23E-09mmHg at 25°C

142.6 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

Unstable in air when in alkaline solution. Insoluble in water.

Ketones

ANTHRALIN reacts as a weak acid. Soluble in aqueous bases. May react with strong oxidizing agents. May be sensitive to light and moisture (NTP, 1992).

NONH for all modes of transport

3

36/37/38-45

26-53-45

CB8927000

Xi,T

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H315-H319-H335

Flash point data are not available for this chemical; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H315 (98.28%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 58 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Fires involving this compound should be controlled usin a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this material from light and moisture, and store it in a refrigerator. If possible, it would be prudent to store this compound under inert atmosphere. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Some mild adverse effects include alterations in nail coloring, hair coloring, increase in photosensitivity, and skin irritation. The most common side effects of anthralin are skin irritation and staining of nearby skin, nails, clothing, and other objects that come in contact with the treated patient. The incidence of irritation of psoriatic/surrounding healthy skin is higher in patients who leave anthralin on the skin without rinsing than in those who use short-contact therapy of 2 hours or less, followed by rinsing. If the psoriatic plaques are well circumscribed, the surrounding normal skin may be protected by the use of a coating agent such as zinc oxide ointment. Anthralin should be applied cautiously to the face and intertriginous areas due to the risk of severe skin irritation. There is no current evidence of any long-term anthralin toxicity related either to skin exposure or to systemic issues. Some long-term studies in mice have demonstrated anthralin to be tumorigenic in mouse skin. This carcinogenic potential has not been thoroughly evaluated. Tumorigenic and carcinogenic effects of anthralin have not been observed in humans at this time. Anthralin is classified as FDA pregnancy risk category C drug. It is not known if anthralin can cause fetal harm when administered during gestation. Because of the lack of evidential human data, anthralin should be used during pregnancy only when clearly required.

Stable plaque psoriasis of the skin and scalp. It is also used topically in the management of psoriasis, dermatoses, and alopecia areata. Anthralin is also used in biomedical research due to its effect on EGFR autophosphorylation.

Anthralin is a natural anthraquinone derivative, anti-psoriatic and anti-inflammatory agent. It controls skin growth by reducing the synthesis of DNA and the mitotic activity in the hyperplastic epidermis, normalizing the rate of cell proliferation and keratinization.

Drugs used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. (See all compounds classified as Dermatologic Agents.)

Anthralin penetrates damaged skin and psoriatic lesions faster and to a greater extent than normal skin, likely due to increased vascularity of psoriatic lesions.

Anthralin is administered topically. Although the extent of systemic absorption after topical application has not been determined, no traces of anthraquinone metabolites were detected in the urine of treated subjects in a limited clinical study of anthralin cream,. Anthralin does not inhibit hepatic microsomal enzyme activity.

Anthralin inhibits the proliferation of keratinocytes (epidermal skin cells), prevents the action of T-cells, and promotes cell differentiation, likely through mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the production of free radicals may contribute to its anti-psoriatic effect. In vitro studies demonstrate that anthralin prolongs the prophase component of mitosis for keratinocytes and leukocytes. Prophase is the first step of mitosis, the process separating the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that anthralin blocks DNA synthesis and can increase the release of reactive oxygen species. Anthralin is believed to normalize the rate of epidermal cell proliferation and keratinization by reducing the mitotic activity of the epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis. Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of anthralin have been demonstrated on both psoriatic and healthy skin. The anti-proliferative effects of anthralin are thought to be due to a combination of inhibition of DNA synthesis and its strong reducing properties. The effectiveness of anthralin as an anti-psoriatic agent is partly owed to its ability to promote lipid peroxidation and reduce the concentration of endothelial adhesion molecules, which are found to be elevated in psoriatic patients,. Recent studies suggest that its ability to prevent T-lymphocyte activation and normalize keratinocyte differentiation may occur by a direct effect on mitochondria.

SYMPTOMS: This compound may cause irritation, lacrimation and photophobia. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may cause irritation. It may also cause lacrimation. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

1,8 Dihydroxy 9 anthrone