Nickel monoxide

74.69280

73.93030

215-215-7

0926

3288|3077

DTXSID7025710

Green powder|Greenish-black cubic crystals|Yellow when hot

2825400000

17.07000

-0.11880

Nickel oxide appears as odorless green-black cubic crystals (yellow when hot) or green powder. (NTP, 1992)

6.72 g/cm³

1955 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.1818 (RED)

H2O: insoluble

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should

0 mm Hg at 68° F (NTP, 1992)

Absorbs oxygen @ 400 °C forming nickelic oxide which is reduced to nickel oxide @ 600 °C|Reacts with acids to form nickel salts & soaps.

Flammable and toxic as dust or fume. Insoluble in water.

Salts, Basic

NICKEL OXIDE may be light-sensitive. It should be thermally stable at temperatures up to 644° F. This compound reacts violently with iodine, hydrogen sulfide and (BaO + air). It is incompatible with anilinium perchlorate and hydrogen peroxide. It incandesces in cold fluorine. (NTP, 1992).

UN 3288

1

R43; R49; R53

53-45-61-36/37

QR8400000

T

Store only in original packaging. Separated from food and feedstuffs, halogens and strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids.

P201-P280-P308 + P313

H317-H350i-H372-H413

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for NICKEL OXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH IODINE, HYDROGEN SULFIDE, (BARIUM OXIDE + AIR).|Nickel monoxide becomes incandescent in fluorine gas.|The effect of metal oxides in sensitizing the thermal decomp and explosion of ... /anilinium perchlorate/ is in the order: manganese dioxide> copper oxide> nickel oxide.|Mixtures of barium oxide with ... nickel oxide ... react vigorously with hydrogen sulfide in air and vivid incandescence or explosion may result.|In the presence of air, contact with mixtures of calcium oxide ... with ... nickel oxide may cause vivid incandescence or explosion.

NTP; Chemical Selection Working Group Profile: Nickel Oxide (1979)

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P281, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P308+P313, P314, P321, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2050 companies from 44 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P281, P302+P352, P308+P313, P314, P321, P333+P313, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 176 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P281, P302+P352, P308+P313, P314, P321, P333+P313, P363, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P281, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P308+P313, P314, P321, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)|In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, dampen the solid spill material with 5% ammonium hydroxide, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 5% ammonium hydroxide to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with 5% ammonium hydroxide followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this material from exposure to light, and store it under ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for NICKEL OXIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 0.1 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Nickel soluble compounds, as Ni/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Nickel, metal and insoluble cmpd, as Ni/

NIOSH considers nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni)/|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni)/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr TWA 0.015 mg/cu m. /Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni)/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Store only in original packaging. Separated from food and feedstuffs, halogens and strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance may be irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. The substance may have effects on the lungs and nasal mucous membrane. This substance is carcinogenic to humans if inhaled.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use closed system or ventilation (not if powder).

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Nickel oxide is included on this list.

...Nickel oxide is insoluble in water. ... In polluted air one of the predominant nickel cmpd ... is nickel oxide(s). ... Nickel carbonyl is unstable in air & decomposes to form nickel oxide. ... Respiratory absorption with secondary GI absorption (insoluble & soluble cmpd) is a major route of entry during occupational exposure. A significant quantity of inhaled material is swallowed following mucocillary clearance from the respiratory tract. Poor personal hygiene *& work practices can contribute to GI exposure. Percutaneous absorption is negligible, quantitatively, but is important in the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. Absorption is related to the solubility of the cmpd, following the general relationships nickel carbonyl> soluble nickel cmpd> insoluble nickel cmpd. ... Studies on hamsters & rats with insoluble nickel oxide showed poor absorption, with retention of much of the material in the lung after several weeks. ... Long term inhalation exposure to ... nickel oxide caused mucosal damage & inflammatory reaction in the respiratory tract of rats, mice & guinea pigs. Epithelial hyperplasia was observed in rats after inhalation exposure to aerosols of ... nickel oxide. High level long term exposure to nickel oxide led to gradually progressive pneumoconiosis in rats. ... Inhalation exposure to black nickel oxide did not induce lung tumors in Syrian golden hamsters (a species resistant to lung carcinogenesis). ... Unidentified /nickel/ oxide preparations ... induced local mesenchymal tumors in a variety of experimental animals after im, sc, ip, intrapleural, intraocular, intraosseous, intrarenal, intra-articular, intratesticular, or intra-adipose admin. No local carcinogenic response was seen in single dose studies ... with two specimens of nickel oxide, especially prepared for carcinogenicity testing ... . ... In studies using repeated intratracheal instillation, ... nickel oxide caused pulmonary tumors. ... Nickel oxide was present in almost all circumstances in which cancer risks were elevated, together with one or more other forms of nickel (nickel subsulfide, soluble nickel, metallic nickel).

The effects of carcinogenic nickel compounds on natural killer cell function were studied in rats. The protective effects of manganese were also investigated. Male WAG-rats were injected intramuscularly with 20 mg metallic nickel powder, 5 mg nickel subsulfide, 20 mg nickel oxide, and 0 or 20 mg mananese with or without rat fibroblast interferon. Rats given nickel subsulfide had a tumor incidence of 2 percent, whereas 46.7 percent of the rats given nickel powder developed tumors. All tumors developed at the injection site. More than 70 percent of the tumor bearing rats died with lung or lymph node metastases within 3 months after the primary tumors were detected. Interferon had little effect on tumor incidence or time to tumor development. Nickel oxide did not induce any tumors. Manganese protected against tumor induction. Only 20 percent of rats given nickel powder plus manganese developed tumors. Rats that developed tumors showed persistent decreases in natural killer cell activity. The lower the natural killer cell activity, the earlier the tumors developed. Manganese almost completely prevented the decrease in PBMC natural killer cell activity when given along with powdered nickel.

... Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to nickel oxide (high temperature, green nickel oxide, mass median diameter 2.2 +/- 2.6 um; at least 99% pure) by inhalation for ... 2 yr. ... 2 YEAR STUDY IN RATS: ... Groups of 65 male and 65 female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.62, 1.25, or 2.5 mg nickel oxide/cu m (equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg nickel/cu m) by inhalation for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 104 wk. ... 2 YEAR STUDY IN MICE: ... Groups of 74 to 79 B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5 mg nickel oxide/cu m by inhalation for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 104 wk. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2 year inhalation studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of nickel oxide in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) and increased incidences of benign or malignant pheochromocytoma (combined) of the adrenal medulla. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of nickel oxide in female F344/N rats based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) and increased incidences of benign pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of nickel oxide in male B6C3Fl mice exposed to 1.25, 2.5, or 5 mg/cu m. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of nickel oxide in female B6C3Fl mice based on marginally increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma in 2.5 mg/cu m females and of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in 1.25 mg/cu m females.

Occurs as the mineral bunsenite.|THE PRINCIPAL NATURAL FORM OF NICKEL OXIDE OCCURS IN ADMIXTURE WITH NICKEL SULFIDES IN VARYING PROPORTIONS IN WEATHERED ORE. IT IS FORMED BY THE DECOMP OF NICKEL CARBONYL IN DRY AIR.

Nickel oxide has been identified in residual fuel oil and in atmospheric emissions from nickel refineries.

NICKEL POISONING CAN OCCUR INDUSTRIALLY FOLLOWING INHALATION OF ... NICKEL OXIDE DUSTS.|THE INDUSTRIAL MOND PROCESS WAS DEVELOPED IN WALES FOR PRODUCTION OF PURE NICKEL & REQUIRED MIXTURE OF NICKEL OXIDE & CARBON MONOXIDE TO MAKE NICKEL CARBONYL. IT IS THIS PROCESS WHICH HAS BEEN THE GREATEST CAUSE OF INDUSTRIAL ILLNESS ASSOCIATED WITH NICKEL EXPOSURE.|The National Occupational Hazards Survey estimates that some 1.4 million workers are exposed to nickel in an oxide phase. Such exposures can range up to 1000 ug/cu m.

Ten days after the inhalation of a nickel oxide aerosol, ... 80% of the deposited dose was still retained in the lung of hamsters.|Wistar male rats were exposed to green nickel oxide aerosols (mass media aerodynamic diameter, 0.6 um) for 7 hr/day, 5 days/wk for less than or equal to 12 mo. The avg exposure concn was controlled at 0.3 mg/cu m and 1.2 mg/cu m. Rats were sacrificed following a 3-6 or 12 mo exposure. There were no differences in body wt gain between exposure groups and controls. Lung wt in exposed rats were heavier than those in the control groups. Nickel concn in lung of exposure groups were much higher than those of controls. The nickel concn in liver, kidney, spleen, and blood increased slightly with increased exposure times. The nickel content in lung during the 12 mo exposure was estimated theoretically. The estimated values agreed with the experimental data.|SIGNIFICANT UPTAKE & ACCUM OCCURRED IN 20, 40, & 80 MG NI/L IN 96 HR EXPT. MUSSELS SECRETED BYSSAL THREADS IN CONCN OF 20 MG NI/L, BUT NOT IN HIGHER CONCN.|AFTER ACUTE OR CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF RATS ... BY INHALATION, INCR IN NI OCCUR PREDOMINANTLY IN MICROSOMAL & SUPERNATANT FRACTIONS OF LUNG & LIVER. AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE, INCR AMT OF NI ARE ALSO OBSERVED IN NUCLEAR & MITOCHONDRIAL FRACTION OF THE LUNG.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for NICKEL OXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Male rats were exposed to nickel oxide (NiO) aerosols (mass median aerodynamic diameter, 1.2 and 4.0 um). The average exposure concn was controlled from a low level of 0.6 mg/cu m to a high level of 70 mg/cu m and total exposure time was 140 hr. Some rats were sacrificed just after the exposure, whereas others were exposed for 1 mo and kept for 12 and 20 mo clearance periods before sacrifice. There were no differences in body wt grain between NiO exposure groups and controls. Nickel concn in lung of exposure groups were much higher than those of controls and decreased with increased clearance time. No apparent deposition of nickel was observed in the liver, kidney, spleen, and blood immediately after the exposure, but in the high exposure groups, nickel concn in the liver, spleen, and blood increased slightly with increasing clearance time. The biological half-time of NiO deposited in the lung, assuming that the amt of the clearance is proportional to the amt of the NiO deposited, was 11.5 and 21 mo for 1.2 and 4.0 um, respectively.|... Half-life for the clearance of nickel /oxide/ from the deep tract /of the lungs/ of 36 days. The half-life for clearance from the tracheobronchiolar compartment was less than 1 day.

Carcinogenic nickel compounds are known to induce promutagenic DNA lesions such as DNA strand breaks and DNA adducts in cultured mammalian cells. In standard mutation assays, in contrast, they were found to be either inactive or weakly active. In our in vitro mutation studies in a lacI transgenic embryonic fibroblast cell line, nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) increased mutation frequency up to 4. 5-fold. We subsequently applied the comet assay and transgenic rodent mutation assays to investigate the DNA damaging effect and mutagenic potential of nickel subsulfide in target cells of carcinogenesis. A 2-h in vitro treatment of freshly isolated mouse nasal mucosa and lung cells with nickel subsulfide clearly induced DNA fragmentation in a concentration dependent manner. The strong effect was not seen in the same cell types following inhalative treatment of mice and rats, leading only in the mouse nasal mucosa to high DNA damage. When the same inhalative treatment was applied to lacZ and lacI transgenic mice and rats, the spontaneous mutation frequency of these target genes in the respiratory tissues was not increased. These results support a recently proposed non-genotoxic model of nickel carcinogenesis, which acts through gene silencing via DNA methylation and chromatin condensation. This model may also explain our in vitro mutation data in the lacI transgenic cell line, in which nickel subsulfide increased mutation frequency, but in about one-third of the mutants, molecular analysis did not reveal any DNA sequence change in the coding region of the lacI gene despite of the phenotypic loss of its function.

Typical impurities, present at levels of 1% or less, include cobalt, copper, iron, and sulfur.

SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this compound can result in "nickel itch", which includes skin sensitization and itching dermatitis. It may cause intestinal disorders. It may also cause irritation to the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract. It may cause conjunctivitis. Other symptoms include asthma, epiphora and pulmonary fibrosis. Chronic exposure to this compound may result in lung and nasal cancer. It may also cause sinus and laryngeal cancer. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This chemical is an irritant of the skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract. When heated to decomposition it may emit toxic fumes and metal oxides. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 t0 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Nickel and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nickel and related compounds/

... SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS OF SINUS & LUNG CANCER WERE FOUND TO BE ASSOC WITH EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVELS OF DUST & FUMES GENERATED DURING HIGH TEMP CALCINATION OR SINTERING OF IMPURE NICKEL SULFIDE TO NICKEL OXIDE.|Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were analyzed in the peripheral lymphocytes of nine retired nickel refinery workers 4-15 years after retirement and were compared with 11 matched non-nickel exposed controls. None of the controls had previous occupations with known relation to the induction of chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges. The groups were equal as to socioeconomic status and environmental factors other than the occupational ones. The nickel workers' previous occupational employment involved exposure to inhalation of furnace dust of ... nickel oxide. ... The concentration of nickel in the working atmospheres has been higher than 1.0 mg/cu m air and the exposure time more than 25 years. The retired nickel workers showed an increased incidence of breaks (p< 0.001) and gaps (p< 0.05) but no difference in the incidence of sister chromatid exchanges when compared with the controls.|INTOXICATION FOLLOWING INHALATION OF NICKEL CMPD VARIES ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF THE CMPD; NICKEL CARBONYL IS THE MOST TOXIC, WHILE DUSTS OF NICKEL OXIDE, CHLORIDE, & SULFATE ARE LESS TOXIC.|Carcinogenic hazards in nickel refineries have been associated primarily with exposures to nickel cmpd with low aq solubilities, such as nickel subsulfide and nickel oxide.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NICKEL OXIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

nickel monoxide

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough.

Redness. Pain.

Redness.

(EXCLUDING SINTERS) 72% IS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF NICKEL SULFATE; 13% FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CATALYSTS; 15% FOR ENAMEL FRITS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES (1970)|In 1976, the USA consumption pattern for nickel oxide (representing 2.0x10+10 g contained nickel) is estimated to have been as follows: 60% for stainless and heat resisting steels, 27% for other steel alloys, 8% for other nickel alloys, 2% for cast irons, and 3% for other uses.|(1975) 1.35X10+10 GRAMS (CONSUMPTION)

A commercial grade of nickel oxide powder contains 78% minimum nickel plus cobalt while nickel oxide sinters (partially reduced commercial forms) are available in grades containing 75%, 77%, and 96% nickel.|Plasma spray grade; -100 mesh; -150, +325 mesh; -325 mesh, 99 & 99.995% purity grades; high-purity grades; powder grade

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|Nickel oxide (NiO): ACTIVE|CANADA IS THE LARGEST SINGLE PRODUCING COUNTRY. IN 1972, PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF CANADIAN EXPORTS OF NICKEL OXIDE WERE 33 MILLION KG.|TWO PARTIALLY REDUCED NICKEL OXIDE PRODUCTS, KNOWN AS 'NICKEL OXIDE SINTERS' ARE PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY ON A LARGE SCALE; ONE CONTAINS 75% NICKEL & THE OTHER, 90% AVAIL DATA ON NICKEL OXIDE PRODUCTS FREQUENTLY COMBINE INFORMATION ON NICKEL OXIDE POWDER & NICKEL OXIDE SINTERS.|Theoretical content of nickel oxide is 78.6% nickel and 21.4% oxygen.

NIOSH Method 7300. Determination of Elements by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES).

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens