Kaolin

260.176

259.918

619-103-2

1144

DTXSID6049640

White or yellowish-white, earhty mass or white powder; unctuous when moist|White to yellowish or grayish powder [Note: When moistened, darkens...]|Triclinic|White or near white ... pseudohexagonal flakes|Fine white to light-yellow powder

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

25070010

114.43

-1.3456

White or gray white powder

1.8-2.6 g/cm³

1750°C

1.62

Insoluble

Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

0 mmHg (approx)

Noncombustible Solid

When moistened ... develops a clay-like odor

Earth taste

The pH of untreated kaolin slurries normally ranges from 4.5 to 6.5

Some grades have fine particle size, high adsorption, and suspension properties|Kaolin is a unique industrial mineral because it is chemically inert over a relatively wide pH range ... is white or near white; has a good covering or hiding power when used as a pigment or extender in coating and filling; is soft and nonabrasive; has low conductivity of both heat and electricity ...|Mohs Hardness = 2.3|Fusion temp = 1850 °C; Valley abrasion number: 4 to 10; dry brightness (1t 457 nm): 75-91%|A white-burning aluminum silicate that, due to its great purity, has a high fusion point and is the most refractory of all clays. ... Has high lubricity (slipperiness)

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water

Non-Redox-Active Inorganic Compounds

KAOLIN is stable and chemically unreactive under ordinary conditions.

Noncombustible Solid

NONH for all modes of transport

S22; S24/25

GF1670500

Xn

Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents.

P260, P264, P270, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P314, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P501

H315

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Do not contaminate water when disposing or rinsing of equipment wash waters.|Container Disposal: Completely empty bag into application equipment. Dispose of empty bag in sanitary landfill or by incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning, If burned stay out of smoke. /Snow Plus/|Pesticide Disposal: Pesticide. spray mixture or rinsate that cannot be used according to label instructions must be disposed of according to Federal State and local procedures. /Snow Plus/

Clay (kaolin) ... consists of hydrated aluminum silicate. The commercial products of clay (kaolin) contain varying quantities of alkalies and alkaline earths. Clay (kaolin) is a white to yellowish or grayish fine powder. There are at least three different minerals, kaolinite, dickite, and nacrite, classified as kaolin. Kaolinite or china clay is whiter, less contaminated with extraneous minerals, and less plastic in water. (b) In accordance with part 186.1(b)(1), the ingredient is used as an indirect human food ingredient with no limitation other than current good manufacturing practice. The affirmation of this ingredient as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as an indirect human food ingredient is based upon the following current good manufacturing practice conditions of use: (1) The ingredient is used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard that contact food. (2) The ingredient is used at levels not to exceed current good manufacturing practice. (c) Prior sanctions for this ingredient different from the uses established in this regulation do not exist or have been waived.|Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: kaolin, colloidal is included in digestive aid drug products.

Final report on the safety assessment of aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium magnesium silicate, zirconium silicate, attapulgite, bentonite, Fuller's earth, hectorite, kaolin, lithium magnesium silicate, lithium magnesium sodium silicate, montmorillonite, pyrophyllite, and zeolite.[Elmore AR, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; Int J Toxicol 22 (Suppl 1): 37-102 (2003)]|USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Kaolin (1332-58-7; PC 100104) (April 2000). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of April 2, 2013: http://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=chemicalsearch:1]

Not combustible.

|Danger|H315 (37.17%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P314, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1765 companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|/Wear/ protective gloves, safety spectacles.|Avoid inhalation of dust and mist. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.|Applicators and other handlers must wear: Long sleeved shirt, long pants, socks and shoes. /Snow Plus/|/Restricted-entry interval (REI) of 4 hours:/ PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water, wear: coveralls, long-sleeved shirt, long pants, sock, shoes and waterproof gloves. /Snow Plus/|Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Snow Plus/|(See protection codes)

Not combustible.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Spillage Disposal: Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Snow Plus/|Users should: A) Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. B) Remove clothing/ PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. C) Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible. wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Snow Plus/|For terrestrial uses. do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. /Snow Plus/|Follow the manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables. use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. /Snow Plus/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for KAOLIN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Causes moderate eye irritation. Avoid contact with eyes or clothing. May cause irritation of the respiratory system. Avoid breathing dust.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m, total dust; 5 mg/cu m, respirable fraction.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 10 mg/cu m (total particulate).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 5 mg/cu m (respirable fraction).

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

May cause mechanical irritation.

Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolongated exposure to dust particles. This may result in fibrosis (kaolinosis).

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Avoid inhalation of dust and mist. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Kaolin and the clay mineral kaolinite are natural soil components and occur in the ambeint air as floating dust(1).

Kaolin-coated paper is used in the manufacture of cigarettes(1).

IDENTIFICATION: Kaolin is a mixture of different minerals. Its main component is kaolinite and it frequently contains quartz, mica, feldspar, illite and montmorlilonite. Kaolinite composition is tiny sheets of triclinic crystals with pseudohexagonal morphology. It is formed by rock weathering. Kaolin is used in paper production, in paints, rubber, plastic, ceramic, chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Kaolin is a natural component in soil and found in ambient air. Kaolin mining and refining involve considerable exposure and significant exposure is expected in paper, rubber and plastics production. Long term exposure to kaolin causes the development of radiologically diagnosed pneumoconiosis in an exposure related fashion. Reduced respiratory function and related symptoms been reported. Kaolin contains quartz and exposure to quartz is casually related to silicosis and lung cancer. Significant increases in the incidence of mortality from chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema have been reported after exposure to quartz. ANIMAL STUDIES: Kaolin instilled intratracheally produces storage foci, foreign body reaction and diffuse exudative reaction. After high doses of kaolin containing 8-65% quartz, fibrosis was noted. Kaolin has a low toxicity to aquatic species. Intratracheal instillation of kaolin to a guinea pig, stopped lung collagen production after a long exposure period. Nonsignificant LDH, protein or phospholipid leakage to the supernatant fraction observed in bronchioalveolar fluid 15-60 days after intratracheal instillation of kaolin in rats. Rats given ip administration of kaolin developed after 1-3 months reticulin fibers. Kaolin intratracheal administration has provided data indicating rats and guinea pigs were more susceptible to bacterial infections.[

... Kaolin will /impair absorption/ when administered with erythromycin or digoxin.|Kaolin and pectin preparations may impair the absorption of oral lincomycin by up to 90% when the drugs are administered concomitantly.|The authors/ treated cultured tracheas from hamsters with Georgia kaolin (composition not indicated; diameter 3-5 um) and kaolin coated with 3-methylcholanthrene, implanted the tracheas after 4 weeks into syngeneic hamsters, and followed the animals until moribund at 105-110 weeks. Animals treated with kaolin did not develop tumors, but a high incidence of pulmonary tumors, often fatal, was observed in animals treated with kaolin coated with 3-methylcholanthrene. Animals treated with 3-methylcholanthrene coated hematite or carbon particles also developed a similar spectrum of tumors (carcinomas, sarcomas, undifferentiated tumors).

LD50 Rat dermal >5000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat oral >5000 mg/kg bw

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ No effect on the hatching success or egg development rate of four marine fish species - red seabream (Pagrus major), black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegeli), striped knifefish (Oplegnathus fasciatus), and threeline grunt (Parapristipoma trilineatum) - was observed at kaolinite concentrations up to 10 g/L for 24 hr. Larvae were more sensitive to kaolinite: the 12-hr LC50 values were 170 and 710 mg/L for P. trilineatum and O. fasciatus, respectively; mortality was also observed for P. major at concentrations of 1000 mg/L and above.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Georgia kaolin caused <10% mortality of sea urchin (Strongylocentrosus purpuratus), Japanese clam (Tapes japonica), hermit crab (Pagurus hirsutiusculus), isopod (Sphaeroma pentodon), mud snail (Nassarius obsoletus), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), and tunicates (Molgula manhattensis and Styela montereyensis) within 5-12 days.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ To evaluate the effects of suspended inert particles on the early life stages of the eggs and larvae of four marine fish species, Pagrus major (Red seabream), Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Japanese black porgy), Oplegnathus fasciatus (Striped beakfish) and Parapristipoma trilineatum were exposed to kaolinite suspensions up to 10,000 mg L-1. Hatching success and developmental rates of eggs all species were not significantly affected by 10,000 mg L-1 suspension over a 24-hr exposure period. Exposure of larvae of each species to suspensions ranging from 32 to 10,000 mg L-1 for 1, 3 and 12 hr, however, resulted in over 50% mortality at 1000 mg L-1 for 12 hr. Larvae were much less tolerant to kaolinite exposure than eggs probably due to their relatively larger and more delicate body surface compared to the tough outer membrane of eggs. Kaolinite particles adhered more readily to eggs and larvae of P. major than to those of the other species.

Kaolin and pectin preparations should be used in children younger than 3 years of age (and probably in patients older than 60 years of age) only under the supervision of a physician.

Kaolinite is found in most weathering zones and soil profiles. Montmoritllonites, which as chemically more complex than kaolinites, are common in the lower parts of weathering profiles, nearer the rock, where chemistry exerts a strong control on mineralogy. Water molecules are strongly attracted to clay mineral surfaces(1).|Kaolin related clays occur in several different types of deposits. Many kaolin deposits throughout the world are in the form of tabular lenses and discontinuous beds in sedimentary rock. Extensive sedimentary deposits of this type occur in the Georgia-South Carolina kaolin belt, Arkansas bauxite region and Ione district California.|Kaolins occur on every continent, but only a few countries (England, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Eastern Germany, Spain, the former Soviet Union and Australia) and the state of Georgia in the USA can be mined and beneficiated to meet the rigid industrial specifications required for use as a filler, extender pigment, or ceramic raw material. Only those in Georgia, England, and Brazil can meet specifications for coating clays for paper(1).|The English kaolins occur in the southwest of England in Cornwall. A large sedimentary deposit of kaolin of Pliocene age is mined along the Jari River, a tributary of the Amazon, on the border of the states of Para and Amapa. Another large sedimentary kaolin area in Brazil is being mined and processed. This kaolin is coarse, somewhat similar to the Cretaceous kaolins in Georgia. Former Czechoslovakia is the principal producer of kaolin in eastern Europe. In Germany, both primary and secondary deposits are being mined. In the eastern part of Germany, near Dresden, are two large primary deposits at Caminau and Kemmlitz. Kaolin is mined in Spain in two locations. A primary kaolin is mined in the northwestern corner of Spain in Galicia. These deposit are residues resulting from the weathering of a large granitic body. A secondary or sedimentary kaolin of Cretaceous age is mined in the state of Guadalajara, east of Madrid. In the Ukraine, a large primary deposit is being mined and processed near Proyanovski. In China, several kaolin deposits are being mined. The largest is located near Suzhou, southwest of Shanghai. The Suzhou deposit is primary, resulting from both weathering and hydrothermal alteration of granites and other acid igneous rocks(1).

Kaolin's production and use in paper, domestic products, petroleum industry, construction materials, medications and cosmetics(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in insecticide formulations(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

Kaolin is a naturally occurring mineral; its use in paper, domestic products, petroleum industry, construction materials, medications and cosmetics may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in insecticide formulations will result in its direct release to the environment. Kaolins occur on every continent, but only a few countries (England, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Eastern Germany, Spain, the former Soviet Union and Australia) and the state of Georgia in the USA can be mined and beneficiated to meet the rigid industrial specifications required for use as a filler, extender pigment, or ceramic raw material. Only those in England, Brazil and Georgia can meet specifications for coating clays for paper. Occupational exposure to kaolin may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where kaolin is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to kaolin via inhalation of, ingestion of, and dermal contact with consumer products containing kaolin. (SRC)

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of kaolin is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 772,130 workers (117,194 of these are female) are potentially exposed to kaolin in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to kaolin may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where kaolin is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to kaolin via inhalation of, ingestion of, and dermal contact with consumer products containing kaolin(SRC).|Kaolin occupational exposure(1).

Kaolin occupational exposure - personal samples(1).

Antidiarrheals; Pharmaceutic Aids|/Kaolin/ either alone or as...mixt with pectin, is used medicinally as an adsorbent...of value chiefly in treatment of diarrhea caused by agents capable of being adsorbed, as, for example, diarrhea of food poisoning or dysentery.|Kaolin has...been used in treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis, but it is doubtful whether any adsorptive capacity is retained by time prepn reaches colon.|VET: adsorbent, protective antidiarrheal. A physical adsorbent with hydrophilic capacity. Topical skin & GI protectant. It incr bulk & slows .. Passage of feces. Has/ ability to absorb toxins...topically & intrauterine in addn to GI.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for KAOLIN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Formulation changes ... have occurred with Kaopectate ... The current Kaopectate marketed is not the formulation ... with Kaolin and Pectin. In the late 1980's or early '90s, the manufacturer reformulated the product to contain attapulgite. Then in 2003, the sponsor reformulated the product again, this time to include bismuth subsalicylate as the active ingredient. ...|If/...kaolin-containing product must be used...should be given...2 hr before lincomycin. If this...proves impractical, lincomycin may be administered by injection or a nondiarrhea-producing antibiotic should be substituted.|Inert except for dangers of obstruction, perforation, & granuloma formation.|The use of antidiarrheal mixtures containing opioids or poorly absorbed antibacterial agents with adsorbents and protectants (most commonly, kaolin and pectin) and antispasmodic agents is unwarranted, since additional benefits beyond those afforded by the single effective agent are questionable and the patient is subjected to the added expense and the combined adverse effects of the individual ingredients.

Practically non-toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) above 15 g/kg; more than 1 quart (2.2 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb).

Miscellaneous agents found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. They have no effect on the agent(s) that cause diarrhea, but merely alleviate the condition. (See all compounds classified as Antidiarrheals.)

Kaolin and pectin are not absorbed following oral administration.

Quartz, mica, and feldspar are often found associated with the crude mineral and is often removed through screening and elutriation.|The Food Chemicals Codex specifies limits of impurities for clay (Kaolin) as: acid-soluble substances <2%; Arsenic (as As) <3 ppm; Heavy Metals (as Pb) <40 ppm; Lead <10 ppm.|Kaolin, as mined, contains other minerals including quartz, muscovite, and altered feldspars.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Chronic pulmonary fibrosis, stomach granuloma Target Organs: respiratory system, stomach (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Occupationally inhaled kaolin produced chronic pulmonary fibrosis /From table/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Kaolin and pectin preparations have essentially no adverse effects. Constipation may occur but is usually mild and transient; however, constipation may rarely lead to fecal impaction, especially in infants or debilitated geriatric patients.|/CASE REPORTS/ /The author/ reported in detail on six workers who had been working in the drying and bagging of kaolin /from Cornwall mines, in England/. ...Medical and radiological examinations /were performed/ of those occupationally exposed to kaolin. All had radiological pneumoconiosis, and two were further studied in autopsy. In one case, characteristic silicotic-type nodulation together with progressive tuberculosis were found. Large quantities of kaolinite and amorphous quartz were found in the lung. In another case, large quantities of pure kaolinite (as much as 20-40 g) were found in the lung without tuberculosis but with severe fibrosis. The disease was like the pneumoconiosis of coal miners and differed from classic silicosis. In the upper part of the lung, greyish or blue-greyish massive confluent lesions were described, which were not as hard on palpation as the silicotic conglomerates.|/CASE REPORTS/ A 62-year-old white male employed for 43 years in the polishing room of a cotton textile mill was admitted to a tertiary care center with progressive dyspnea and productive cough that had not responded to therapy for tuberculosis. In spite of aggressive antibiotic therapy and respiratory support, the patient died as a consequence of respiratory failure. Small rounded and irregular opacities had been noted on the chest radiograph. Review of job-site spirometry demonstrated a worsening restrictive pattern over a 4-year period prior to his death. Additional occupational history revealed long-term exposure to kaolin in the polishing room, and pathologic examination of lung tissue confirmed extensive fibrosis and substantial quantities of kaolin. Kaolinosis is a disease typically found among individuals involved in mining or processing this material rather than in user industries. This case illustrates the importance of obtaining a complete occupational history in reaching a diagnosis.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for KAOLIN (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Kaolin

Exposure mainly occurs via inhalation.|inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Chronic pulmonary fibrosis, stomach granuloma

Redness.

respiratory system, stomach

Medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic uses ... 0.01% of total US consumption of Kaolin (2002)|46% FOR PAPER FILLING & COATING; 8% FOR ALUMINUM SULFATE & OTHER CHEMICALS; 6% FOR RUBBER; 5% FOR REFRACTORY GROGS & CRUDES; 5% FOR FACE BRICK; 5% FOR FIREBRICK, BLOCK, & SHAPES; 3% FOR FIBERGLASS; 3% FOR PAINT; 2% FOR SANITARY WARE; 2% FOR ADHESIVES; 2% FOR CATALYSTS IN OIL REFINING; 1% FOR FLUE LININGS & HIGH ALUMINA BRICK; 1% FOR PORTLAND CEMENT; 1% FOR FERTILIZERS; 1% FOR PLASTICS; 1% FOR CROCKERY & OTHER EARTHENWARE; 1% FOR ROOFING GRANULES; 1% FOR PESTICIDES & RELATED PRODUCTS; 1% FOR CERAMIC FLOOR & WALL TILE; 5% FOR MISC USES (1975)|Paper, 43%; Refractories, 7%; Rubber, 4% (1985)|Paper coating, 35%; paper-filling, 21%; refractories, 11%; fiberglass and insulation, 6%; face brick and rubber, 4% each; paint and chemicals, 3% each (1989)|For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for KAOLIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Snow Plus (Wilbur-Ellis Company), Kaolin clay 99.0%|Wettable powder|Some grades have unusually fine particle size, high adsorption, and suspension properties.|Kapectolin: 5.8 g kaolin and 130 mg pectin per 30 mL|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for KAOLIN (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Adhesive manufacturing|Kaolin: ACTIVE|Kaolin or china clay is a mixture of different minerals. Its main component is kaolinite; in addition, it frequently contains quartz, mica, feldspar, illite, and montmorillonite. Kaolinite is made up of tiny sheets of triclinic crystals with pseudohexagonal morphology. It is formed by rock weathering. It has some cation exchange capacity.|Kaolin, commonly referred to as china clay, is a clay that contains 10-95% of the mineral kaolinite and usually consists mainly of kaolinite (85-95%). In addition to kaolinite, kaolin usually contains quartz and mica and also, less frequently, feldspar, illite, montmorillonite, ilmenite, anastase, haematite, bauxite, zircon, rutile, kyanite, silliminate, graphite, attapulgite, and halloysite.|To render kaolin suitable for pharmaceutical use it has to be purified by treatment with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, or both, then washed with water.|ENGLAND HAS LARGE DEPOSITS OF A FINE GRADE OF KAOLIN. .../IT/ IS FREED OF COARSE PARTICLES BY ELUTRIATION OR BY SCREENING. ...COLLOIDAL KAOLIN ON THE MARKET DIFFERS...FROM ORDINARY KAOLIN IN THAT IT CONTAINS A LARGER PERCENTAGE OF FINE PARTICLES & IT IS PREPARED BY SPECIAL SCREENING.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for KAOLIN (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

There is no single or simple procedure for the positive identification of montmorillonite-group or other aluminosilicates or for their quantification in dust and other samples. The application of several methods may be necessary for even approximate identification and rough quantification. These methods include X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, differential thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. In the past, chemical methods based on differences in resistance of various clay minerals to chemical attack, the so-called "rational methods of analysis," were used.|Method: NIOSH 0500, Issue 2; Procedure: gravimetric (filter weight); Analyte: particluate material; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.03 mg/sample. /Particluates not otherwise regulated, total/|Method: NIOSH 0600, Issue 3; Procedure: gravimetric (filter weight); Analyte: mass of respirable dust fraction; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.03 mg/sample. /Particluates not otherwise regulated, respirable/

Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) - also referred to as energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, X-ray microanalysis, electron microscopic microanalysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry - and electron diffraction may permit the rapid identification of individual clay mineral particles and have been applied particularly to the identification of inhaled particles sampled via bronchoalveolar lavage or from lung specimens. EDXA requires a scanning or transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer and appropriate mathematical tools for analysing the resulting spectra. EDXA identifies and quantifies elements above atomic number 8. Since the basic classification of clay minerals is based on structural formula and the atomic composition is similar for many different clay minerals, EDXA cannot provide secure identification except by comparison with standards previously identified by other means. Application of EDXA without appropriate standards is likely to generate significant errors. In practice, EDXA is ordinarily combined with conventional transmission electron microscopy to first visualize a particle. Probe size is then adjusted downward so that only the selected particle is analysed. The best results are obtained by operating the microanalysis in scanning transmission mode. /Clay mineral particles/

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Cosmetics -> Abrasive; Absorbent; Anticaking; Bulking; Humectant; Opacifying