Chlorine dioxide Safety Data Sheets
SAFETY DATA SHEETS
According to the UN GHS revision 8
SECTION 1: Identification
1.1 GHS Product identifier
| Product name | Chlorine dioxide |
|---|
1.2 Other means of identification
| Product number | - |
|---|---|
| Other names | - |
1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use
| Identified uses | Bleaching agents,Functional fluids (closed systems),Processing aids, not otherwise listed |
|---|---|
| Uses advised against | no data available |
1.4 Supplier's details
| Company | Echemi.com |
|---|---|
| Address | Echemi.com |
| Telephone | Echemi.com |
1.5 Emergency phone number
| Emergency phone number | Echemi.com |
|---|---|
| Service hours | Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours). |
SECTION 2: Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Gases under pressure: Compressed gas
Oxidizing gases, Category 1
Skin corrosion, Sub-category 1B
Acute toxicity - Category 2, Inhalation
Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) |      |
|---|---|
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statement(s) | H270 May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage H330 Fatal if inhaled H400 Very toxic to aquatic life |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | P220 Keep away from clothing and other combustible materials. P244 Keep valves and fittings free from oil and grease. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/... P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P284 [In case of inadequate ventilation] wear respiratory protection. P273 Avoid release to the environment. |
| Response | P370+P376 In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to do so. P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P320 Specific treatment is urgent (see ... on this label). P391 Collect spillage. |
| Storage | P410+P403 Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. P403 Store in a well-ventilated place. P405 Store locked up. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
| Disposal | P501 Dispose of contents/container to an appropriate treatment and disposal facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and product characteristics at time of disposal. |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
no data available
SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
3.1 Substances
| Chemical name | Common names and synonyms | CAS number | EC number | Concentration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorine dioxide | Chlorine dioxide | 10049-04-4 | 233-162-8 | 100% |
SECTION 4: First-aid measures
4.1 Description of necessary first-aid measures
If inhaled
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.
Following skin contact
First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .
Following eye contact
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Following ingestion
Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a doctor or Poison Control Center immediately.
4.2 Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed
Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Toxic fumes or dust may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)
4.3 Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination . Chlorine and related compounds
SECTION 5: Fire-fighting measures
5.1 Suitable extinguishing media
If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Chlorine dioxide hydrate
5.2 Specific hazards arising from the chemical
Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]: May explode from friction, heat or contamination. These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. (ERG, 2016)
5.3 Special protective actions for fire-fighters
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.
SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove gas with fine water spray.
6.2 Environmental precautions
Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove gas with fine water spray.
6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
1) Remove all ignition sources. 2) Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3) If in gaseous form, stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder and leak cannot be stopped in place, remove leaking cylinder to safe place in open air, and repair leak or allow cylinder to empty. 4) If in liquid form, evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment. ... Allow ... to evaporate while providing all available ventilation.
SECTION 7: Handling and storage
7.1 Precautions for safe handling
NO contact with combustible substances. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT expose to friction or shock. Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.
7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Fireproof if in building. Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Cool. Keep in the dark. Ventilation along the floor.Materials which are toxic as stored or which can decompose into toxic components ... should be stored in a cool, well ventilated place, out of the direct rays of the sun, away from areas of high fire hazard, and should be periodically inspected. Incompatible materials should be isolated.
SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
8.1 Control parameters
Occupational Exposure limit values
TLV: (ceiling value): 0.1 ppm as STEL.MAK: 0.28 mg/m3, 0.1 ppm; peak limitation category: I(1); pregnancy risk group: D
Biological limit values
no data available
8.2 Appropriate engineering controls
Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.
8.3 Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)
Eye/face protection
Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Skin protection
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
Respiratory protection
Use closed system or ventilation.
Thermal hazards
no data available
SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties and safety characteristics
| Physical state | Chlorine dioxide hydrate, frozen is an orange colored solid, appearing as a block of ice, with a faint odor of chlorine. It may only be shipped in the frozen state and then only by private or contract motor carrier. The melting point of the hydrate is around 30°F. If it should thaw and further warm up, chlorine dioxide gas is given off. The gas is toxic by inhalation. The gas and liquid are violently decomposed by organic materials. The gas will decompose explosively at temperatures below the boiling point of water. It is used to bleach wood pulp, fats and oils; in processing flour, and for water purification. Chlorine dioxide is a yellow to reddish gas or a red-brown liquid below 52 deg. F. with an unpleasant odor similar to chlorine. |
|---|---|
| Colour | Yellow to reddish-yellow gas at room temp |
| Odour | ... Unpleasant odor similar to chlorine and nitric acid. |
| Melting point/freezing point | -59ºC |
| Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range | 11ºC |
| Flammability | Flammable Gas/Combustible Liquid |
| Lower and upper explosion limit/flammability limit | no data available |
| Flash point | NA (Gas) ? (Liquid) |
| Auto-ignition temperature | no data available |
| Decomposition temperature | no data available |
| pH | no data available |
| Kinematic viscosity | no data available |
| Solubility | 0.3 % at 77° F (NIOSH, 2016) |
| Partition coefficient n-octanol/water | no data available |
| Vapour pressure | greater than 1 atm (NIOSH, 2016) |
| Density and/or relative density | 3.09g/L |
| Relative vapour density | (air = 1): 2.3 |
| Particle characteristics | no data available |
SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
10.1 Reactivity
May explode on heating or on exposure to sunlight or on shock or if subjected to sparks. The substance is a strong oxidant. It reacts with combustible and reducing materials. Reacts violently with organics, phosphorus, potassium hydroxide and sulfur. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Reacts with water. This produces hydrochloric acid and chloric acid.
10.2 Chemical stability
Unstable in light; stable in dark if pure, but chlorides catalyze its decomposition even in the dark.
10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions
Concentrations above 10% can ignite at 130 deg C. Oxidizable organic dusts can lower decomposition temperature. To avoid dangerously high concentrations of the gas, it is swept by air or nitrogen out of reaction vessel ... absorbed in chilled water, the flow of which is adjusted to produce a 6-10 g/L solution.The gas is heavier than air.CHLORINE DIOXIDE is a powerful oxidizer of low stability. Explodes violently on the slightest provocation as gas or liquid even below -100° C by impact [Sidgwick, 1950, 1203; Stedman, R. F., Chem Eng. News, 1951, 29, p. 5030]. Mixtures with carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene or butadiene always explode spontaneously. Concentrations of greater than 10% in air are explosive. Severe explosion hazard when heated to 100° C. Sensitive to shock and sunlight. Explodes on contact with mercury, potassium hydroxide, phosphorus, phosphorus pentachloride, sulfur, difluoramine, trifluoramine, sugar. Very sensitive to the presence of any easily oxidized material. These may, even in minute quantities, trigger a decomposition. Materials such as rubber, hydrocarbons, carbon, iron, rust, reactive metals, and organics such as sawdust have all caused problems. [Inorganic Chemistry Handbook]. Emits highly toxic fumes of chlorine gas upon decomposition. Can react violently with fluorine, reducing reagents or finally dispersed organic matter [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1292].
10.4 Conditions to avoid
no data available
10.5 Incompatible materials
Reacts violently with phosphorus, potassium hydroxide, phosphorus pentachloride + chlorine, sulfur, mercuric fluoride, difluoroamine.
10.6 Hazardous decomposition products
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.
SECTION 11: Toxicological information
Acute toxicity
- Oral: LD50 Rat oral 94 mg/kg body weight
- Inhalation: LC50 Rat inhalation 32 ppm (90 mg/cu m) 4 hr
- Dermal: no data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: Under the current guidelines (USEPA, 1986), chlorine dioxide is classified as Group D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity because of inadequate data in humans and animals. Under the draft Carcinogen Assessment Guidelines (USEPA, 1996), the human carcinogenicity of chlorine dioxide cannot be determined because no satisfactory human or animal studies assessing the chronic carcinogenic potential of chlorine dioxide have been located. Concentrates prepared from drinking water treated with chlorine dioxide did not increase the incidence of lung adenomas in strain A mice, the skin tumor frequency in mice, or the incidence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase positive foci (a measure of preneoplastic changes) in rat livers. However, chlorine dioxide did induce a hyperplastic response in the mouse skin. Both postive and negative results have been found in genotoxicity studies. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.
Reproductive toxicity
no data available
STOT-single exposure
The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of this gas may cause lung oedema. See Notes. Exposure far above the OEL could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.
STOT-repeated exposure
The substance may have effects on the lungs. This may result in chronic bronchitis.
Aspiration hazard
A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.
SECTION 12: Ecological information
12.1 Toxicity
- Toxicity to fish: LC50 Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, juvenile) 0.02 mg/L/96 hr; flow-through
- Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: no data available
- Toxicity to algae: no data available
- Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available
12.2 Persistence and degradability
no data available
12.3 Bioaccumulative potential
no data available
12.4 Mobility in soil
no data available
12.5 Other adverse effects
no data available
SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
13.1 Disposal methods
Product
The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.
Contaminated packaging
Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.
SECTION 14: Transport information
14.1 UN Number
| ADR/RID: no data available | IMDG: no data available | IATA: no data available |
14.2 UN Proper Shipping Name
| ADR/RID: no data available | IMDG: no data available | IATA: no data available |
14.3 Transport hazard class(es)
| ADR/RID: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.) | IMDG: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.) | IATA: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.) |
14.4 Packing group, if applicable
| ADR/RID: III (For reference only, please check.) | IMDG: III (For reference only, please check.) | IATA: III (For reference only, please check.) |
14.5 Environmental hazards
| ADR/RID: Yes | IMDG: Yes | IATA: Yes |
14.6 Special precautions for user
no data available
14.7 Transport in bulk according to IMO instruments
no data available
SECTION 15: Regulatory information
15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question
| Chemical name | Common names and synonyms | CAS number | EC number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorine dioxide | Chlorine dioxide | 10049-04-4 | 233-162-8 |
| European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS) | Listed. | ||
| EC Inventory | Listed. | ||
| United States Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory | Listed. | ||
| China Catalog of Hazardous chemicals 2015 | Listed. | ||
| New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC) | Listed. | ||
| Philippines Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances (PICCS) | Not Listed. | ||
| Vietnam National Chemical Inventory | Listed. | ||
| Chinese Chemical Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (China IECSC) | Listed. | ||
| Korea Existing Chemicals List (KECL) | Listed. | ||
SECTION 16: Other information
Information on revision
| Creation Date | July 15, 2019 |
|---|---|
| Revision Date | July 15, 2019 |
Abbreviations and acronyms
- CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
- ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
- RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
- IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
- IATA: International Air Transportation Association
- TWA: Time Weighted Average
- STEL: Short term exposure limit
- LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
- LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
- EC50: Effective Concentration 50%
References
- IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
- HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
- IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
- eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
- CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
- ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
- ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
- Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
- ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/
Other Information
The symptoms of lung oedema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort.Rest and medical observation are therefore essential.Immediate administration of an appropriate inhalation therapy by a doctor or a person authorized by him/her, should be considered.Rinse contaminated clothing with plenty of water because of fire hazard.
Disclaimer: The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. We as supplier shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product.
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