The Three Treasures of South Africa'-the new food raw material line leaf gorse

Brief Introduction of Line Leaf Gorse

On June 26, 2014, the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued the "Announcement on Approving Gorse as a New Food Material (2014 No. 12)" to officially approve Gorse as a new food material.

Gorse, which grows in the Seidberg area 200 kilometers north of South Africa, is called the South African Sambo with "Gold and diamonds" in South Africa. It is currently one of the most fashionable herbal drinks. Also known as South African tea or South African B. tea. It grows in highlands above 450 meters above sea level in South Africa, acidic soil, the annual precipitation needs to be maintained at 380-650mm. A natural health drink made after processing, which is rich in antioxidant flavonoids, has a significant effect on removing free radicals, regulating human body functions, and preventing and controlling various diseases.

The composition of the line leaf money flower

Gorse is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids.

Among the phenolic acids, there are 4 kinds of hydroxybenzoic acid, including 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and syringic acid; there are 4 kinds of phenylpropionic acid, including p-hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and albino Fuulic acid and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid.

Flavonoids include quercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, polygonatum orientalis, isooriental polygonatum, luteolin, vitexin, isovitexin, chrysophyll, aspalathin and nothofagin.

It is generally believed that phenolic acids are the important material basis for antimicrobial, liver protection, and antioxidant functions. Flavonoids are of great significance in anti-oxidative stress, antispasmodic and antiviral effects.

It is worth mentioning that the gorse contains rare carbon-carbon linked dihydrochalcone glycosides: aspalathin and nothofagin, which are the main material basis for antioxidant activity, and serve as the genus. Indicators of quality control.

The effect of gorse

Free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects:

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals can affect the body's antioxidant defense system, accumulate oxidative damage products, and cause a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.

Because it contains a large proportion of polyphenols and flavonoids, it may be a good source of Antioxidants.

Kroyer G T. used the folin-ciocalteu reagent method and the DPPH free radical scavenging method to compare the total polyphenol content and the ability of scavenging free radicals in water extracts of gorse and green tea. The results showed that the total polyphenol content (315 mg ⋅ g-1) of the water extract of gorse was significantly higher than that of the water extract of green tea (209 mg ⋅ g-1), and the free radical scavenging rate was half the effective dose EC50 (138 mg ⋅ g-1) is significantly better than the EC50 of the green tea water extract (424 mg ⋅ g-1), indicating that Gorse has a high content of total polyphenols and significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging capabilities, which can be used as Natural food antioxidant additives.

In addition, Yoo, Kyung Mi, and Joubert E also found that the water extract of gorse can scavenge superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.

Cardiovascular protection:

As we all know, as a first-line antihypertensive drug, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have mild and long-lasting antihypertensive effects, protect target organs, and are used to treat hypertension and heart disease.

Persson IA et al. allowed 17 healthy volunteers to receive a single oral dose of 400ml of green tea, black tea and gorse, and measured angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) at 0, 30, 60 and 180 minutes. Activity and nitric oxide (nitric oxide, NO) concentration, observe the cardioprotective effects of gorse. The results showed that ACE was significantly inhibited after 30 and 60 minutes, indicating that Gorse may inhibit the activity of ACE to protect the cardiovascular system.

Cerebrovascular protection:

Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) is the most common type of cerebrovascular disease. It belongs to ischemic cerebrovascular disease, accounting for about 70%-80% of cerebrovascular disease, mainly due to cerebral ischemia. After brain cells are damaged, blood flow is restored and reperfusion, the ischemic injury is further aggravated. High incidence rate, high recurrence rate, high disability rate and high mortality rate are its main characteristics, which make it attract much attention.

CIR is a complex pathological cascade reaction process involving many factors, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, intracellular calcium overload, excitatory amino acid toxicity, blood-brain barrier damage, apoptotic pathway, and nitriding stress, etc. .

Among them, studies have found that oxidative stress and inflammation are the two important factors that Lead to CIR. Gorse has good anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory properties, so it has profound significance for the treatment of CIR.

Hypoglycemic effect:

Gorse can be used to treat oxidative stress damage in diabetic rats, to prevent and treat diabetic vascular complications, especially to inhibit the peroxidation of reactive oxygen species on the ocular membrane system.

Ulicná O et al. observed the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma and different tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and found that Gorse can significantly reduce Its content, especially the eye MDA, shows that Gorse can prevent streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats.

Anti-cancer and anti-mutagenic effects:

Gorse can inhibit cancer and resist mutagenesis by changing the oxidation state of cells, metabolizing enzymes of carcinogens, reducing the combination of carcinogens and biological macromolecules, and inhibiting cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Van der Merwe J D et al. compared the anti-mutagenic activity of South African thread-leaf gorse, honey tree tea and tea tree tea (black, oolong and green tea) and found that polyphenols have anti-mutagenic effects.

Marnewick et al. used gorse, honey tree tea, and green tea to determine the regulation of skin cancer in mice, and the results showed that gorse extract can significantly inhibit the formation of skin tumors.

Anti-inflammatory effect:

The process of acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) involves the release of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The study investigated the improvement effect of the extract of Gorse on LPS-induced acute liver injury, and found that Gorse can attenuate the liver damage induced by LPS and inhibit the inflammatory response. It is speculated that this effect may be related to the regulation of oxidative stress. As well as inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Liver protection:

Gorse has liver protection function. Ulicná O et al. studied the protective effect of Gorse on the rat liver injury model induced by carbon tetrachloride and found that the use of Gorse in the diet of patients with liver disease can be used as a plant liver protectant.

Ajuwon Olawale Razaq et al. studied the oxidative stress damage of liver and kidney induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and found that the supplementation of gorse can reduce t-BHP-induced liver and kidney damage. Changes, indicating that it can prevent liver and nephrotoxic oxidative damage.

Digestive system protection:

Gorse has been widely used for abdominal cramps and diarrhea. GilaniAH, etc. through experiments with rabbit jejunum tissue, the results showed that the physiologically active substances of flavonoids and other effective components in Gorse can inhibit the digestive system. It is indicated that Gorse has a combination of dominant K (ATP) channel activation and weak Ca (++) antagonist mechanism, thus proving its application in hyperactive gastrointestinal diseases.

Gorse can also be used for intestinal inflammatory diseases. Baba H et al. established a rat model of ulcerative colitis. By intervening with gorse, the symptoms of ulcerative colitis improved, and the serum SOD level was significantly increased, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxybird in urine The level of glycosides decreased significantly. This shows that Gorse can prevent DNA damage and inflammation in the body through its antioxidant activity, and improve ulcerative colitis.

Fat metabolism:

Gorse is rich in tea polyphenols and flavonoids, which can inhibit fat production and affect fat metabolism, which can effectively prevent diabetes and obesity.

Micheline Sanderson et al. explored the effect of gorse on the differentiation of adipocytes by culturing 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. The results found that Gorse can increase ATP content, reduce leptin secretion, and inhibit adipocyte differentiation, possibly by inhibiting the expression of PPARα, PPARγ, SREBF1, FASN, AMPK mRNA.

Other functions:

Consumption of gorse is expected to increase physical endurance and reduce physical fatigue. Because aspalathin has antioxidant activity, it can increase the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle tissue. This beneficial effect may be induced by increased glycogen accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscle.

Among the chemical components of online gorse, chrysophyll shows selective bronchodilator effect, which can be verified by rabbit jejunum, aorta and guinea pig trachea and atrium. In addition, gorse also has bronchiectasis, antispasmodic and hypotensive effects, mainly mediated by K (ATP) channel activation with selective bronchiectasis, so it can be used as a potential treatment for congestive respiratory diseases drug.

Line leaf gorse foreground

The traditional application of Gorse has a history of more than 300 years. Folks are mostly used to treat asthma, colic, eczema, headache, nausea and mild depression.

It is mainly used clinically as antihypertensive drugs, immunostimulants, laxatives, sedatives and antispasmodics, as well as for the treatment of atherosclerosis and diabetes.

Studies have shown that it has the effects of improving oxidative stress and inflammatory response damage, lowering blood sugar, protecting the liver, anti-cancer and anti-mutagenic effects.

In recent years, Gorse has received extensive attention due to its strong antioxidant properties, better safety and suitable for the prevention and adjustment of a variety of chronic diseases, but the current research on Gorse is still relatively limited. , The application of its strong anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory properties is not completely deep. It is hoped that with the deepening of research, its efficacy can be further improved, and it can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of health-promoting semi-finished additives and related products for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases.